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1、九年级英语复习句子二一. 本周教学内容：本周我们将复习句子（二）二. 重、难点：4. 祈例句：表示请求、命令或劝告等的句子叫祈使句。它通常省略主语（you）。根据语气的强弱，句末使用感叹号（!）或句号（.），句子用降调说或读。祈使句有肯定式和否定式两种：（1）肯定式祈使句。直接由动词（包括及物和不及物动词）原形作为句子的开头。如：Be careful next time ! 下次细心点！Sit down , please ! 请坐！Stop playing ! Listen to me ! 别玩了！听我说！（2）否定式祈使句：在谓语动词前加dont，即“Dont + 肯定式祈使句”。如：Don
2、t be late ! 不要迟到！Dont worry ! 别担心！Dont sit here ! 不要坐这儿！（3）以let开头的祈使句。结构为：“Let +宾语+宾语补足语”。如：Let me try . 让我试试看。Lets go together . 咱们一起走吧。Lets start work at once . 让我们立即开始工作吧！Let him go home . 让他回家吧。Lets not wait for him . 咱们别等他了。加强语气祈使句：在肯定式的谓语动词前加do。Do come again , please ! 请一定再来！Do write to me ! 请
3、一定给我写信！Do be quiet ! 请务必保持安静！（4）有时为了指明向谁提出请求或命令，或为了加强语气，也可说出主语。否定结构中you应放在dont之后。You clean the blackboard . 你去擦黑板。You get out of here ! 你给我滚出去！Dont you be late again . 你可别再迟到了。（5）感叹句。用来表示说话人强烈的喜怒哀乐等情绪的句子叫感叹句，多用how和what引起，how和what所修饰的词放在句首，其他部分用陈述语序。在口语中谓语常省略，句末使用感叹号（!）。句子用降调说、读。感叹句的表达方式有： what作定语修饰名
4、词（名词前可有其他定语），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a（an）。结构为：What+如：What a good idea ! 多好的主意啊！What a good girl（she is）! 多么好的女孩啊！What delicious food ! 多好吃的食物！What an interesting story ! 多有趣的故事啊！What beautiful flowers（they are）! 多么漂亮的花！ how作状语修饰形容词、副词或动词。结构为：“How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语”或“How+主语+谓语”（这时how直接修饰谓语动词）。如：How good the girl i
5、s ! 这女孩多好啊！How hard he works ! 他工作得多么努力啊！（how修饰谓语动词）（三）句子成分：组成句子的各个部分，叫做句子成分。（member of the sentence）。句子成分由多个实词、词组和从句来担任、虚词、即冠词、介词、连词、感叹词不能作句子成分。英语的句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。表语、定语、状语有时也统称修饰语。有些句子成分还带有感叹语句、插入语。它们在句法上与句子的其他成分不发生关系，称为独立成分。句子一般由主语和谓语两个部分构成。1. 主语：主语是一个句子的主体，表示所说的是谁或是什么。主语的位置，一般是放在句首
6、，有时在特殊句型中主语放在句末。主语一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。如：I go to school by bike every day . 我每天骑车上学。Lucy is an American girl . 露茜是一个美国女孩子。It is important for us to learn a foreign language . 学习一门外语对我们来说是重要的。 2. 谓语：谓语用来说明主语的动作、特征或状态等。谓语主要有两种形式： （1）动词谓语（包括动词短语）如：This happened in 1980 . 这个故事发生在1980年。He must take good
7、 care of his little sister at home today . 他今天必须留在家里好好照顾妹妹。注意：每一个英语句子都必须有主语和谓语动词，缺一不可，这是句子的主要成分。如：误：He a bus to town last Sunday .（谓语动词要用take a bus短语）正：He took a bus to town last Sunday . 上星期天他搭乘一辆公共汽车进城。误：My book on the desk .（谓语动词要用be动词is）正：My book is on the desk . 我的书在课桌上。（2）复合谓语（系动词+表语）。如：The yo
8、ung man became a doctor . 这位年轻人成为一名医生。Its getting colder and colder . 天气变得越来越冷了。Miss Zhao is our English teacher . 赵老师是我们的英语老师。Trees turn green in spring . 春天树木变绿了。 3. 表语：表语用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态等。它通常位于系动词的后面。可作表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式、副词、介词短语等。如：All of us are in the classroom . 我们大家都在教室里。Is this watch yours
9、 ? 这块手表是你的吗？She is not in . 她不在家。 4. 宾语：宾语是动作的承受者。及物动词和相当于及物动词的动词短语都必须有宾语，可作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式和从句等。作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。如：He knows（that）he should work hard . 他知道他该努力学习。Do you know what time the plane arrives ? 你知道飞机几点到吗？She asked if / whether he had bought the jacket . 她问他是否买了那件夹克衫。有些及物动词如give，show，pass，send
10、，tell，bring，teach，lend，buy，make等可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语的放在直接宾语之前。如：She teaches us maths . 她教我们数学。He told me the news about it . 他告诉我有关这件事的消息。I wrote her a letter three days ago . 三天前我给她写了一封信。如果直接宾语是人称代词，一般在间接宾语之前加介词to或for，构成短语，把这个短语放在直接宾语之后，一般give，bring，show，write，lend，teach，tell所带的
11、间接宾语前加to；buy，make则加for。如：Heres a book . Give it to Li Lei . 这儿有一本书。请把它交给李雷。Please pass a piece of paper to me . 请递给我一张纸。My uncle has bought a new dictionary for me last month . 上个月我叔叔给我买了一本新的字典。 5. 宾语补足语：宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词和动词不定式等。如：Let me do it . 让我做这件事。Leave it on the desk
12、 . 把它放在桌上。We must keep the classroom clean every day . 我们每天必须保持教室干净。 6. 定语：定语是修饰名词或代词的句子成份。形容词作定语时，一般放在名词前面，副词或副词短语作定语时，放在名词后面。可作定语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式和介词短语。如：Spring is the first season of a year . 春天是一年中第一个季节。I have nothing to say . 我没有什么可说的。Is it your bike ? 是你的自行车吗？The bag on the desk is mine
13、. 桌面上的书包是我的。 7. 状语：状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分，说明时间、地点、目的、结果、条件、原因、方式程度等。可作状语的有名词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语和从句等。如：She studies very hard . 她学习很努力。He came to see me . 他来看我。They are walking in the park . 他们在公园里散步。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a long time . 对不起，让你久等了。（四）句子结构：句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句、复合句。1. 简单句：（1）概念：由一个主语（或并列主
14、语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子，叫简单句。简单句只包含一个主谓结构，各成分都由词或词组担任。如：Han Meimei sings well . 韩梅梅歌唱得好。My friend and I go to school together . 我和我的朋友一道去上学。（2）简单句的五种基本句型： 主语+连系动词+表语（S+V+P）说明：be和become是常见的系动词，后面接表语，表语通常是名词或形容词等来担任，此外还有keep（保持），look（看起来），feel（觉得），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），taste（尝起来），grow，get，go，turn（变得）等。 主语
15、+不及物动词（S+V）说明：常见的不及物动词（vi.）有：come，go，happen（发生），laugh，sleep，stay，swim，take，place（发生），walk，work。 主语+及物动词+宾语（S+V+O）说明：有些不及物动词后面加上介词或副词可以把它看成一个及物动词，这时后边可接宾语。 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）说明： 直接宾语+间接宾语叫双宾语。指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人和物。 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+带疑问词的不定式（疑问词+to
16、do sth）如：He showed me how to use a computer . 他教我如何使用计算机。 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+D+C）说明：在某些及物动词后，需要一个宾语再加上一个宾语的补语才能表达完整的意思，这样宾语和宾补称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式、分词、副词都可以作宾补。常跟复合宾语的动词有：call，name，make，think，find，leave，keep等。如：His mother finds him a clever boy . 他母亲认为他是个聪明的男孩。在see，watch，look at，listen to，hear，feel，le
17、t，make（使），have（使）等词后面的宾补，如果是不定式担当时，则省去“to”，但变为被动语态时要还原“to”。2. 复合句：（1）主语、从句和关联词及从句的分类。包含一个主句（main clause）和一个或一个以上从句（subordinate clause）的句子叫做复合句。其中主句和从句都具备完整的主谓结构，主句是全句的主体，从句是从属于主语并在其中充当一个成分的主谓结构。在复合句中，从句的基本结构大多是，“关联词+主语+谓语”或者为“句子+连词+从句”。所谓关联词（connective）是指，用于引导从句并使从句与主句联系起来的从属连词、关系代词和关系副词。关联词有时可以省略。根
18、据从句在复合句中所起的作用，可以分为六类：宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。其中主语从句、表语从句，同位语从句和宾语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此，它们统称为名词性从句。初中阶段要求学习、掌握宾语从句和状语从句初步了解定语从句。（2）宾语从句：在复合句中作主句及物动词的宾语的句子叫宾语从句。它一般是由从属连词，连接代词或连接副词来引导。它可以作动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。我们应掌握宾语从句的以下要点： 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。在口语和非正式文体中常省略that。that在从句中不充当成份，也没有含义。 由连词代词或连接副词（如when，where，
19、why，what等）引导的宾语从句，它们在从句中充当成份，也有含义，不可省略。 由从属代词whether或if引导的宾语从句。在口语中常用if。它们有含义，但不充当成份，也不可以省略。 宾语从句的语序：要使用陈述句语序，即主语+谓语动词+其他成分，句末用句号；但主句为疑问句时，句末用问号。 宾语从句的时态：当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语动词可用任何需要的时态；当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态的某一种形式。但从句表示普遍真理时，即使主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也须用一般现在时。（3）状语从句：修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词等的从句叫状语从句
20、。主要包括以下几类： 时间状语从句：由when，before，after，until（till），since，as soon as等引导。 条件状语从句：由if引导 原因状语从句：由because引导 让步关语从句：由though，although引导 比较状语从句：由as as，than，not as（so） as 引导状语从句的语序也应为陈述句语序，即主语+谓语+其他成分。状语从句的位置，可放在主句前面或后面，但若放在主句前面，要用逗号与主句分开；主句若是疑问句，那么时间状语从句只能放在主句的后面。eg.Was it raining when you went home ? 你回家时，天下
21、着雨吗？状语从句的时态：在时间和条件状语从句中，若主句为一般将来时，祈使句或含有情态动词时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。（4）定语从句：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词（antecedent），通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的关联词是关系代词that，which，who（whom，whose）和关系副词when，where，why。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间，它既起联系作用，又充当从句中的一个成分。定语从句的基本结构是：先行词+关联词+定语从句。初中阶段主要掌握关系代词用法：who（m）指代人。可充分主语
22、和宾语，which指代事物，可充当主语和宾语，that指代人，事物均可，可充当主语和宾语，whose指代人/物均可，充当定语。有一些特殊情况需要我们掌握。当先行词被very，序数词，形容词最高级等修饰或先行词本身为序数词或形容词最高级时，只能用that；先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that；当先行词为不定代词时，若指物则用that，若指人则用who。 （答题时间：50分钟）客观题一. 单项选择：1. If your trousers are too small , buy a large . A. one B. ones C. pair D. pairs 2. The population o
23、f China is larger than of India . A. one B. those C. these D. that 3. When was your mother born ? She was born on .A. June three , nineteen forty-five B. June the third , nineteen forty-fiveC. June third , nineteen forty five D. Nineteen forty-five , June third 4. We all took part the party New Year
24、s Eve Li Lei .A. at , on , except B. in , at , besides C. in , on , exceptD. on , in , beside5. my sister my brother are doctors .A. Not , but B. Neither , nor C. Both , and D. Either , or 6. When the teacher came into the classroom , she was not because the classroom was not as as .A. pleased , cle
25、an , usuallyB. angry , cleaning , usual C. pleased , clean , usualD. happy , clean , usually 7. will you have final examination ? In half a month . A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far 8. Jack bought useful book . book is also very interesting . A. an , The B. a , The C. an , A D. a , A9.
26、 Though she is a slow learner , she has her classmates after a years hard work .A. fed up withB. caught up with C. come up with D. got on well with 10. How long the factory ? Six years .A. has , opened B. has , been opened C. did , openD. has , been open 11. We saw her the house and go upstairs . A.
27、 enter B. to enter C. entered D. entering 12. I want to know do to help them . A. what can I B. what I can C. how I can D. how can I 13. I dont know she likes it . she does , I will give it to her . A. weather , If B. if , Weather C. whether , Whether D. if , If 14. There isnt much I can tell you .
28、A. what B. which C. that D. where15. The boy streets without pay in the old days .A. was made to clean B. made cleanC. was made cleanD. made to clean二. 完型填空：Man has invented four kinds of satellites . The first kind of satellite studies the 1 of the earth . They are used to make maps . They also hel
29、p countries to see where they may 2 oil or gold .The second kind of satellite is used to guide ships and planes . A ship or a plane can 3 a message to the satellite , and can find out where it is .The third kind studies the weather . These satellites 4 clouds and strong winds moving across the earth
30、 . They warn countries to make preparations when very 5 weather is coming . They 6 of the earth from thousands of miles above it and send the photos to weather stations on the ground . 7 kind is used for communication . Telephone calls 8 countries can be sent by these satellites . Some can carry hun
31、dreds of calls at one time . The call is sent to the satellite then the 9 sends it to a station in the country and this country is being phoned . These satellites also carry pictures ; they can receive and send about eight 10 at a time .（ ）1. A. chemistryB. physicsC. geographyD. biology（ ）2. A. find
32、B. carryC. buyD. choose（ ）3. A. takeB. writeC. getD. send（ ）4. A. lookB. watchC. crossD. see（ ）5. A. sunnyB. coolC. badD. free（ ）6. A. make drawingsB. take photosC. have a viewD. draw pictures（ ）7. A. The lastB. AnotherC. OneD. The other （ ）8. A. among B. inC. betweenD. of（ ）9. A. manB. callerC. tel
33、ephoneD. satellite（ ）10. A. TV setsB. programsC. photosD. pictures三. 阅读理解：AIt seems to us that the earth stands quite still . But it is really moving all the time . It turns around a make-believe line through its center . We call this make-believe line the earths axis（地轴）. The two ends of the earths
34、 axis are called its poles . It makes the earth twenty-four hours travel around its axis once .We look at the sun and say it “ rises ” and travels across the sky , but the sun doesnt really do so . It is the turning of the earth that makes us feel as if the sun were moving across the sky . We cant s
35、ee that the earth is moving because everything else on the earth is turning with us . As the earth turns around every twenty-four hours , first one half faces the sun and then the other half . When our half of the earth is facing the sun , we say it is day . When our half is away from the sun , we s
36、ay it is night . It is the turning of the earth that tells us when to go to bed and when to get up .1. Whats the meaning of the phrase “ a make-believe line ” ?A. Its a line that we cant believe .B. Its a line that we cant see .C. Its a line that anyone can make .D. Its a line that we can make and b
37、elieve .2. The meaning of the word “ pole ” is .A. the north and the south points of the earth B. a tall piece of wood or metal that stands in the ground C. either of the two ends of a line D. either of two complete different opinions 3. Usually we say , “ The sun rises in the east and sets in the w
38、est . ” According to the text , the sun .A. moves all the time B. stands still every twenty-four hours C. decides the day and the nightD. is motionless 4. We cant see the earth moving because .A. it moves slowly B. it doesnt really moveC. the earth is smaller than the sunD. everything on the earth i
39、s moving with us 5. When do we have “ day ” and “ night ” ?A. When the part of the earth where we live faces the sun , we have “ day ” , and when the part of the earth where we live turns away from the sun we have “ night ” .B. When the earth faces us , we have “ day ” , and when the earth turns awa
40、y from us we have “ night ” .C. When the part of the earth turns to the sun we have “ night ” , and when our part of the earth turns away from the sun we have “ day ” .D. When the sun turns to us we have “ day ” , and the sun turns away from us we have “ night ” .BNew York State has passed the USAs
41、first state law banning（禁止）motorists talking on cell phones . The ban will begin November 1 , although drivers caught using cell phones will be given only warnings during the first month .First-time violators（违法者）will face a $100 fine . A second time call for a $200 fine and every violation after th
42、at will cost $500 .At least a dozen localities have established（制定）bans , starting in 1999 ; and 40 states have had bans proposed but not passed . At least 23 countries , including the Great Britain , Italy , Israel and Japan , ban drivers from using cell phones .There are about 115 million cell pho
43、nes in use in the United States and more than 6 million in New York State .“ To think that Im not going to use cell phone when at the same time I can still use my laptop（手提电脑）, I still can read a paper , I can still change my pants while driving 65 mph . I think theres just something wrong ” an offi
44、cial said .Other critics（批评）noted other things like eating , drinking coffee and doing make up while driving . They suggested that the ban include a broader range of things .1. What does “ warning ” mean ?A. a $100 fine B. a textbook that talks about the law C. a lesson D. words that tell you not to
45、 do it again 2. How much fine will a cell phone user receive if he has been caught using it four times while driving after November ? A. $500 . B. $1000 . C. $1200 . D. $1300 .3. We can see from this passage that .A. the ban has been put into effect in most states in the U.S.B. some developed countr
46、ies forbid drivers using cell phones C. over fifty localities or states ban drivers from using cell phones D. more people in the U.S. are against the ban than for it 4. The official mentioned in this passage .A. does not agree with this ban B. doesnt believe using cell phones while driving will cause any danger C. doesnt understand why cell phones alone should be ban