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1、有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种:命命 题题 类类主主 旨旨 大大 意意 型型事事 实实 细细 节节 型型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型推推 理理 判判 断断 型型第1页/共21页主旨大意型考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题,标题或目的设题。标题或目的设题。第2页/共21页一、设题方式一、设题方式1)主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式Themainideaofthepassageis
2、ThepassageismainlyaboutWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2)目的类主旨大意题ThepassageismeanttoThepurposeofthisarticleistoTheauthorintendsto.3)标题类主旨大意题Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe第3页/共21页二、如何做主旨大意题二、如何做主旨大意题1)主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。2)
3、找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：读首句抓大意读尾句抓大意读首尾段抓大意3.)无明显主题句时高频信息词任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。第4页/共21页Sample 1People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer c
4、hicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.（1）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细
5、节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。第5页/共21页Sample2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后自然得出结论，即段落的主题。本段的
6、中心思想在结尾句得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。第6页/共21页Sample3ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes,“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakesbitesthatledmetothecareer.”Shusaid“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.”Shusaid.（3 3）首尾呼应为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见.通常,前后表述主
7、题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味.第7页/共21页Sample4Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsonea
8、fterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.（4 4）在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展.第8页/共21页(5)从段落中寻找高频率词任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词 Sample 5 The passage is mainly about _.A.the construction of a road B.the design of a road C.the constructi
9、on of two tunnels D.the design of two tunnels 第9页/共21页 Eg.9A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system As part of the project,two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city,The two tunnels are about 20 meters belo
10、w the surface and are 12 meters wide,providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel.The lighting is at the top of the tunnel,The wall is made up of f
11、our main elements,which include a waterproofing covering and,on the inside of the tunnel,a concrete lining.Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat.along the length of the tunnel.The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface.Oth
12、er systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.第10页/共21页(5)从段落中寻找高频率词任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词 Sample 5 The passage is mainly about _.A.the construction of a road B.the design of a road C.the construction of two tunnels D.the design of two tunnels 第11页/共21页 1
13、.Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America.About 160,440 Americans die each year from it.More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related,according to the Lung Cancer Organization.A.Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer B.Smoking is a bad habitC.LCO advises people to stop smokingD.Wh
14、y did people die of Lung cancer?The main idea of the passage is _.practice第12页/共21页2.Manypeoplewritetonewspapersandmagazinestoexpresstheiropinions.Nameornoname?Theanswerisverypersonalandliesinhowmuchwewantto.Weallhaveaname.Itisamatterofresponsibilitytouseitwhenwemakeastatement,aclaimoranaccusation.W
15、eallwanttohonorourownname,anditisonlybystampingourexpressionofanopinionwithournamethatwehonorwhatwesay.The passage is mainly about_.A.honor and writers B.identity and signatureC.signature and responsibility D.anonymity and signature第13页/共21页3.Forget Twitter and Facebook,Google and the Kindle.Televis
16、ion is still the most influential medium around.Indeed,for many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world,it remains the next big thingfinally becomes globally available.And that is a good thing,because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better Too much TV has been associated with violence,ove
17、rweight and loneliness.However,TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwideTheauthorintendsto.A.stresstheadvantagesofTVtopeopleslivesB.persuadewomentobecomemoreindependentC.encouragepeopletoimprovetheirreadingskillsD.introducethereaderssomewebsitessuchasGoogle第14页/共21页4 Smoki
18、ng cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for
19、 cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?What is the main idea?A.Smoking can cause cancer.B.Smoking is a terrible killer C.Smoking is harmful to our health.D.An experiment on smoking.第15页/共21页5.Often no one look
20、s more guilty than the innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.What is the main idea of the passage?A.A p
21、rofessional criminal looks more innocent than others.B.Dont judge others by appearance.C.So,it is foolish to judge a person only by his appearance D.Try to judge a person only by his appearance第16页/共21页6.If you were planning to buy a television set,the following advertisement would certainly attract
22、 your attention:Color TV,only$79.Two-day sale.Hurry.However,when you go to the store ready to buy,you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out.But the salesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model,a more reliable set which is just right for you.It costs$359.This sales tactic
23、is called bait and switch.Buyers are baited with a sales offer,and then they are switched to another more costly item.Buying items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise（商品）and the reasons for the sale.第17页/共21页6.Which sentence best expresses the main idea?A.The customer must be o
24、n his guard when purchasing items on sale.B.Color television sets which sell for$79 are sold out quickly.C.Many stores use the bait and switch technique to attract customers.D.Anyone planning to buy a television set should look for a sale.2.The best title for the passage might be _.A.Buyer Be aware
25、B.Closeout Sale B.C.Crime Pays D.Buying a TV Set 第18页/共21页 Step Two:How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension一、主旨大意题一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）1.干扰项干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2.干扰项干扰项 可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些(不完全的不完全的)事事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3.干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案正确答案)是根据
26、文章意思全面是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。言过其实或以偏概全。第19页/共21页4 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems
27、.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?What is the main idea?A.Smoking can cause cancer.B.Smoking is a terrible killer C.Smoking is harmful to our health.D.An experiment on smoking.某个具体事实或细节片面推出的错误结论某个具体事实或细节第20页/共21页感谢您的观看！第21页/共21页