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1、 主 旨 大 意 型 我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意题是常考意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意题是常考题。题。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题主题(main idea,mainly about)(main idea,mainly about),目的目的(purpose)(purpose)或或标题标题(title)(title)设题。设题。第1页/共35页1)主题型的题干形式The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about What i
2、s the passage mainly about?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?2)写作目的型的题干形式The passage is meant to The purpose of this article is to The author intends to.Whats the purpose of the passage?3)标题型的题干形式The best title for the passage might be Which of the followi
3、ng is the best title of the passage?【设题形式】第2页/共35页【如何做主旨大意题】1)主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。2)找准文章的找准文章的主题句主题句是关键。是关键。“主题句定主题句定位法位法”是一种行之有效的方法。是一种行之有效的方法。3)记叙文通常没有主题句，需根据文章所记叙文通常没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳，最后概括出来的中心意思述内容进行归纳，最后概括出来的中心意思一定一定要涵盖全文或整个段落，切忌以偏概全要涵盖全文或整个段落，切忌以
4、偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。或离题太远、太笼统。4)无明显主题句时找无明显主题句时找高频信息词高频信息词.第3页/共35页 “主题句定位法”主题句在段首主题句在段首 主题句在段末主题句在段末 首尾呼应首尾呼应主题句在短文中间主题句在短文中间 第4页/共35页(1)主题句在段首主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后是论一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式，作者在首段常常亮出观点，表采用这种形式，作者在首段常常亮出观点，表明立场。明立场。大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句大多数文章的主题句就是文章
5、的首句所以要认真阅读段落首句。所以要认真阅读段落首句。第5页/共35页【典题范析】1.LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.The main idea of the passage is _.A.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerB.SmokingisabadhabitC.LC
6、OadvisespeopletostopsmokingD.WhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?A论证性细节第6页/共35页2.Zinc(锌)isoneofabout20elementsnecessaryforgoodhealth.Itispresentinthebodyinaverysmallamountbutmakesitpossibleforimportantchemicalactionstobecarriedoutincells.Scientistsarejustbeginningtodiscoverhowzincandotherelementswork.The be
7、st title for the passage may be_.A.ANewDiscoveryB.ZincandHealthC.HowZincWorksD.AddZinctoYourFoodB论证性细节第7页/共35页(2)主题句在段末主题句在段末有的主题句放到有的主题句放到文章的末尾文章的末尾，先摆出事实依据，先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，将主题引向高潮，起到层层推理论证，将主题引向高潮，起到总结作总结作用用，从而形成强有力的结论，从而形成强有力的结论，这就要求考生耐这就要求考生耐心地读完全文心地读完全文。第8页/共35页【典题范析】1.Infact,whenwesaythatallofu
8、smustbeeducatedtofitusforlife,itmeansthatwemustbeeducatedinsuchawaythat,firstly,eachofuscandowhateverworksuitedtohisbrainsandability，andsecondly,thatwecanrealizethatalljobsarenecessarytosociety,andthatisverybadtobeashamedofoneswork.Onlysuchatypeofeducationcanbeconsideredvaluabletosociety.The passage
9、 tells us about _of the education.A.themeansB.thesystemC.thevalueD.thetypeC层层推理论证第9页/共35页2.Weatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechange.Wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwehaverain.Butthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmosphere.Meteorologistscallthisthewatercyc
10、le.What is the main idea of the passage?_A.Watercycle.B.Watervapour.C.Howrainforms.D.Water,vapour,rain.A层层推理论证第10页/共35页（3）首尾呼应首尾呼应为突出主题为突出主题,作者作者先提出主题先提出主题,结尾时再次点结尾时再次点出主题出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见见.通常通常,前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味的意味.第11页/共35页【典题范
11、析】(2013年高考)Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein，inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive，tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom，afouryearoldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.HecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimaginationItdoes
12、ntmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyounextjobinterview.But，nexttimeyouaretestedinawaythatseemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwouldtaketoovercomeit.Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryourchallengeanddoitinyourmindfirst.So，letyourimaginationrunwild，anddaretodream.第12页/共35页What is the purpose of the p
13、assage?_A.Totellusaninterestingstory.B.Tohelpusmakerightdecisions.C.Toadviseustocareaboutchildren.D.Toencourageustouseourimagination.D第13页/共35页（4）主题句在短文中间主题句在短文中间 当主题句被安排在段中间时当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只通常前面只提出问题提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进而后又作进一步的解释一步的解释,支撑或发展支撑或发展.第14页/共35
14、页【典题范析】Inaworldwithlimitedland,waterandothernaturalresources,theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually,thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable
15、(可持续的)ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Inotherwords,weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries.Inrecentyearsthemarketsforsustainableproductshavegrownbymorethan50%.提出问题或现象作进一步的解释,支撑或发展继续
16、陈述细节或引申第15页/共35页What is the main purpose of the passage?_A.Tointroduceanewbusinessmodel.B.Tocomparetwobusinessmodels.C.Topredictachangeoftheglobalmarket.D.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment.D第16页/共35页3)有的文章的中心思想隐含在文中（尤其是记叙文），有的文章的中心思想隐含在文中（尤其是记叙文），让读者很难发现，这种情况难度较大，考生要通观全让读者很难发现，这种情况难度较大，考生要通观全文，分清主旨细节
17、，进行归纳推理。文，分清主旨细节，进行归纳推理。最后概括出来的最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落，切忌以偏概全中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落，切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。或离题太远、太笼统。解答此类题时考生需要把握作解答此类题时考生需要把握作者的观点、态度、语气等，分析文章的篇章结构，抓者的观点、态度、语气等，分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论，捕捉与题目住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论，捕捉与题目有关的信息，从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心有关的信息，从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。思想。第17页/共35页【典题范析】Atthirteen，
18、Iwasdiagnosed(诊断)withakindofattentiondisorder.Itmadeschooldifficultforme.Wheneveryoneelseintheclasswasfocusingontasks，Icouldnot.Inmyfirstliteratureclass，Mrs.Smithaskedustoreadastoryandthenwriteonit，allwithin45minutes.Iraisedmyhandrightawayandsaid，“Mrs.Smith，yousee，thedoctorsaidIhaveattentionproblems
19、.Imightnotbeabletodoit.”Sheglanceddownatmethroughherglasses，“Youarenodifferentfromyourclassmates，youngman.”Itried，butIdidntfinishthereadingwhenthebellrang.Ihadtotakeithome.Inthequietnessofmybedroom，thestorysuddenlyallbecamecleartome.Itwasaboutablindperson，Louis本文主要讲述作者有注意力紊乱，不想努本文主要讲述作者有注意力紊乱，不想努力，在
20、老师的激励下，克服困难的故事力，在老师的激励下，克服困难的故事第18页/共35页Braille.Helivedinatimewhentheblindcouldntgetmucheducation.ButLouisdidntgiveup.Instead，heinventedareadingsystemofraiseddots(点)，whichopenedupawholenewworldofknowledgetotheblind.WasntIthe“blind”inmyclass，beingmadetolearnlikethe“sighted”students？Mythoughtsspilledo
21、utandmypenstartedtodance.Icompletedthetaskwithin40minutes.Indeed，Iwasnodifferentfromothers；Ijustneededaquieterplace.IfLouiscouldfindhiswayoutofhisproblems，whyshouldIevergiveup?IdidntexpectanythingwhenIhandedinmypapertoMrs.Smith，soitwasquiteasurprisewhenitcamebacktomethenextdaywithan“A”onit.Atthebott
22、omofthepaperwerethesewords：“Seewhatyoucandowhenyoukeeptrying？”第19页/共35页What is the main idea of the passage?_AThedisabledshouldbetreatedwithrespect.BAteachercanopenupanewworldtostudents.COnecanfindhiswayoutofdifficultieswithefforts.DEveryoneneedsahandwhenfacedwithchallenges.C某个具体事实或细节某个具体事实或细节片面推出的错
23、误结论片面推出的错误结论非文章事实的主观臆断非文章事实的主观臆断干扰项干扰项第20页/共35页4)无明显主题句时找无明显主题句时找高频信息词高频信息词 任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。第21页/共35页【典题范析】Sometimesyoullhearpeoplesaythatyoucantloveothersuntilyoulovey
24、ourself.Sometimesyoullhearpeoplesaythatyoucantexpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,youvegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatweretheappleofourparentseyes,andthatourGrandmasthinkweregreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics,butsometimesitsal
25、othardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge.itistimeyoubuildapositiveselfimageandlearntoloveyourself.第22页/共35页Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveselfimageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses.Thatis,makealistifyouneedto,butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoe
26、veryday.Dontallowdoubtstooccurinit.Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeselfimageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfromobjective,andtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivequalities.Changingthewayyouthinkandworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalongwaytowardspromotingapositiveselfimage.Whenyoucanpat(拍)yourselfont
27、heback,youllknowyourewellonyourway.Goodluck!第23页/共35页CWhat is the passage mainly about?_A.Howtoprepareforyoursuccess.B.Howtofacechallengesinyourlife.C.Howtobuildapositiveselfimage.D.Howtodevelopyourgoodqualities.第24页/共35页主题句在段首主题句在段首Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpop
28、ulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.The main idea of the paragraph is _.第25页/共35页主题句在文中主题句在文中Somepeoplelikereading,andsomepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavemanyhobbies,suchasreading
29、,skating,andtraveling.Infact,differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.MyfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.Soherhobbyisreadingallkindsofbooks.Tonylovesworkingwithherhands,andhishobbyisgardening.What does this paragraph mainly talk about?第26页/共35页主题句首尾呼应主题句首尾呼应Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowt
30、hatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smoki
31、ngisharmful.Isitworthit?What is the main idea?A.Smokingcancausecancer.B.SmokingisaterriblekillerC.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.D.AnexperimentonsmokingC.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.第27页/共35页根据高频词概括根据高频词概括无明显主题句无明显主题句Everyonecanexperienceangersometimes.Butnoteveryonecancontrolitproperly.Tosomepeople,co
32、ntrollingangerseemslikethehardestthingintheworldtodo.Controlthesebytalkingtoyourselfinyourownmind,whenyouexperienceunwantedfeeling.Bytalkingitoverinyourownheadyoucanworkouthowyouwillbestdealwiththesituation.Angercontrolcanalsobeachievedbycommunicatingwithotherswithhonesty.Youcaneffectivelytrainyours
33、elftorespondtosituationswithoutgettingannoyedaboutthings.Itisimportanttorememberitispossibleforeveryonetogetangryandtherefore,controllingitistherealchallenge.第28页/共35页What is the best title of the passage?A.Noteveryonecancontrolanger.B.Howtocontrolanger.C.Communicatingwithothersishelpful.D.Controlli
34、ngangerischallengingB.Howtocontrolanger.第29页/共35页根据各段主题句概括根据各段主题句概括MothersDaywascoming,amanstoppedataflowershoptoordersomeflowerstobewired(电邮给)tohismotherwholivedtwohundredmilesaway.Ashegotoutofhiscar,henoticedayounggirlsobbing(啜泣).Heaskedherwhatwaswrongwithherandshereplied,“Iwantedtobuyaredroseform
35、ymother.ButIonlyhaveseventy-fivecents,andarosecoststwodollars.”Themansmiledandsaid,“Comeoninwithme.Illbuyyouarose.”Aftertheywentin,heboughtaroseforthelittlegirlandorderedflowersforhisownmother.Astheywereleaving,heofferedtoridethegirlhome.Shesaid,“Yes,please!Butcanyoutakemetomymother?”“Toyourmother?”
36、themanwasalittlepuzzledbutdidntsayanything.Shedirectedhimtoacemetery(公墓),wheresheplacedtheroseonafreshlyduggrave(新坟).Themanwasshockedandreturnedtotheflowershop,canceled(取消)thewireorder,pickedupabunchofflowersanddrovethetwohundredmilestohismothershouse.第30页/共35页What is the passage mainly about?A.Move
37、dbythegirl,themansenthismothertheflowershimselfonMothersDay.B.Amanhelpedagirltobuyaflowerforhermother.C.Weshouldoftenhelpothers.D.Weshouldloveourmothers.A.Movedbythegirl,themansenthismothertheflowershimselfonMothersDay.第31页/共35页Do more exercises第32页/共35页Answers:C C B B D B 第33页/共35页第34页/共35页感谢您的观看！第35页/共35页