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1、 仔细观察下面每组例句可以发现句意大相径庭，标点的重要性便可见一斑。1.有无标点符号会影响句意的整体理解 Li Ping said nothing _ made her mother sad the day before yesterday.Li Ping said nothing,_ made her mother sad the day before yesterday.A.that B.which C.it析：句选A，这是限制性定语从句，先行词有 nothing,用 that。句意为“前天李平没有说使她母亲伤心的话。”句选B，用了逗号，变成非限制性定语从句，用 which。句意为“前天李
2、平什么都没有说，这使她母亲很伤心。”第1页/共22页 The students who knew about the floods took another road.知道道路被淹的那些学生改道走了。(言外之意：只有那些知道道路被淹的学生才改道走了，不知道的学生仍走被淹之路。)The students,who knew about the floods,took another road.同学们知道道路被淹都改道走了。(言外之意：同学们都知道道路被淹，都改道走了。)第2页/共22页 I have just remembered something she said.我刚想起她说过的一件事。“I
3、 have just remembered something,”she said.她说：“我刚想起一件事。”二、标点符号的位置影响句意的确切意思 The policeman said,“The bus driver was to blame for the accident.”警察说：“那位公共汽车司机应对这次事故负责。”“The policeman,”said the bus driver,“was to blame for the accident.”那位公共汽车司机说：“那个警察应对这次事故负责。”第3页/共22页三、标点符号的类型可以影响对正确答案的一锤定音 My neighbour
4、 has four cousins,_ are college students.My neighbour has four cousins._ are college students.A.all of whom B.All of them C.of them all D.whom析：句，用了逗号，说明are college students 是个非限制性定语从句，应选用关系代词，故答案为A。句，用了句号，说明前后两句在语法结构上是完整的两个句子，故选B。第4页/共22页析：句，句中用了逗号，表明前一部分不是句子。因为逗号通常不能连接两个独立的句子，正确选项为B，构成独立主格结构。句，句中用
5、了句号，表明前后两部分是两个完整的句子，又因为在表示存在句的 there 后不用 have,故正确选项为D。_ no buses,we had no choice but to walk home._ no buses.We had no choice but to walk home.A.There had B.There being C.It being D.There were第5页/共22页瞄准标点符号 跳出信息误区一、逗号“，”可将称呼语和祈使句的主体部分隔开，如：Jane,_ sure to come by half past six this evening.A.will be
6、B.is C.is about to D.be应选D。因逗号，不能再把 Jane 看成句子的主语。第6页/共22页应选C作插入语。若当非限制性定语从句时应把D中的 by 习惯上用 to。逗号可将插入语和句子的其他部分隔开，如：The southerners,_,live mainly on rice.A.who B.that you know C.you know D.as is known by us第7页/共22页二、逗号可暗示出前后可能是复合句或含非谓语动词作状语的句子，如：(MET90)_ more attention,the trees could have grown better
7、.A.Given B.To give C.If giving D.Having given句中 the trees 暗示须用表被动的过去分词作条件状语，应选A。若选D应为 Having been given.选C应为 If(it was)given.第8页/共22页三、句号“.”说明前后为两个独立的句子。前句或后句提供另一句解题的语境或条件。要充分捕捉句号提供的有效信息，准确理解解意。如：I cant pay for these books.Theyre _ expensive for me.A.too B.very C.so D.much由于前部的否定句子信息，应选A。完整的句子为：They
8、re too expensive for me to pay for.第9页/共22页后部提供了不愿相见信息，应选B。wish 后接过去完成时表虚拟，希望过去干或未干某事就好了。I wish I _ my neighbour.Now we both try hard to avoid meeting each other.A.dont know B.had never got to know C.didnt come to recognize D.had recognized第10页/共22页四、分号“；”将两个独立的分句隔开，分号后边的句子不再用连词，如 Ive read a lot abo
9、ut the High Dam _ the biggest in the world.A.;its B.;which is C.and its D.that is应选 A。若是逗号分句可选非限制性定语从句B。而C应为 and its=and it is.第11页/共22页五、感叹号“!”是引起感叹句的重要标志，如：(NMT93)_ from Beijing to London!A.How for is it B.Its far away C.What is a distance D.What a long way it is因句尾感叹号,还原为一般句子再判断应选D。第12页/共22页六、问号“
10、?”是疑问句的显著标志，如：_ the old man that was surprised at the news?A.Was B.Was it C.What did D.Was that由问号知此句是强调句 It was the old的变形 第13页/共22页前句问号信息暗示瞬间的过去时，“刚才”未听明白，不是能力上的B项，应选A。(NMET)95 Your phone number again?I _ quite catch it.Its 9568442.A.didnt B.couldnt C.dont D.cant第14页/共22页七、破折号“”说明破折号后面的部分是前面相应部分的同
11、位语，或是前面相应部分的解释，如：He sent scores of American stamps to his old schoolmates _.A.she and we B.her and me C.you and they D.LiYing and I破折号之后的部分是宾语schoolmates的同位语，故须选宾语B 第15页/共22页八、引号“”往往使被引部分的性质有所改变，如：“Leaves”_ the plural form of the word“leaf”.A.mean B.have C.is D.stand for选C，主语为一个整体概念。第16页/共22页九、撇号“”常
12、用来表示所有格或缩略式，hes=he is;shes=she has;we wont=we will not;Youd better=You had better 等。That teacher said that that“that”that that student used in that sentence was wrong.老师说那个学生用在那个句子中的那个“that”是错误的。“that”作定语从句中的主语。第17页/共22页(MET90)Its a fine day.Lets go fishing,_?A.wont we B.will you C.dont we D.shall w
13、e“提议大家”用 lets,反意疑问句用D。“表请求对方允许”用 let us,反意疑问句选B。第18页/共22页请用标点符号的暗示信息选择下列试题：1.(MET92)-Please dont make a noise.-_.Ill be as quiet as a mouse.A.Yes,I wont B.No,I wontC.No,I will D.Yes,I will2.(92上海题)He stood on one leg ,_ against the wall,while he took off his shoe.A.lying B.stopping C.falling D.leadi
14、ng第19页/共22页3.May I borrow a tool of yours?Certainly._.A.you can B.here is it C.You are welcome D.please to4._ a baby lying on the road,the car came to a stop.A.When the driver noticed B.Having seen C.When finding D.To observe第20页/共22页5.Miss Smith is a friend of _.A.Linlis sisters friends B.Linli sister friends C.Linlis sister friend D.Linlis sisters friend6.The _ children knew my _ uncle.A.passer-bys;sister-in-laws B.passerss-by;sister-in-law C.passers-by;sister-in-laws D.passer-by;sister-in-law第21页/共22页感谢您的观看！第22页/共22页