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1、标点符号 高考英语中不可忽略的重要因素 高三复习心得之一 杨春芝 标点符号在英语中占有一席之地，它是书面语言的有机组成部分。其主要功能在于精确地记录语言，帮助确切地表达自己的思想感情和理解别人的语言信息。标点符号看似貌不惊人，微不足道，实则“八仙过海，各显神通。 同学们在平时的学习中是否能正确理解和运用标点符号至关重要(尤其是逗号和句号)，用得不好，在写作时，会引起句意的变化，会给读者以内容含糊不清的感觉，甚至造成误解。理解不当，在阅读理解时，也会误解文章的意思。学以至用，在做题中标点符号也会影响着答案的选择。,仔细观察下面每组例句可以发现句意大相径庭，标点的重要性便可见一斑。 1.有无标点符
2、号会影响句意的整体理解, Li Ping said nothing _ made her mother sad the day before yesterday . Li Ping said nothing , _ made her mother sad the day before yesterday. A. that B. which C. it,析：句选A，这是限制性定语从句，先行词有 nothing , 用 that。句意为“前天李平没有说使她母亲伤心的话。”句选B，用了逗号，变成非限制性定语从句，用 which 。句意为“前天李平什么都没有说，这使她母亲很伤心。”, The stud
3、ents who knew about the floods took another road . 知道道路被淹的那些学生改道走了。(言外之意：只有那些知道道路被淹的学生才改道走了，不知道的学生仍走被淹之路。) The students , who knew about the floods , took another road . 同学们知道道路被淹都改道走了。(言外之意：同学们都知道道路被淹，都改道走了。), I have just remembered something she said . 我刚想起她说过的一件事。 “I have just remembered somethin
4、g , ”she said . 她说：“我刚想起一件事。”,二、标点符号的位置影响句意的确切意思, The policeman said , “The bus driver was to blame for the accident . ”警察说：“那位公共汽车司机应对这次事故负责。” “The policeman , ”said the bus driver , “was to blame for the accident . ”那位公共汽车司机说：“那个警察应对这次事故负责。”,三、标点符号的类型可以影响对正确答案的一锤定音, My neighbour has four cousins ,
5、 _ are college students . My neighbour has four cousins . _ are college students . A. all of whom B. All of them C. of them all D. whom,析：句，用了逗号，说明are college students 是个非限制性定语从句，应选用关系代词，故答案为A。句，用了句号，说明前后两句在语法结构上是完整的两个句子，故选B。,析：句，句中用了逗号，表明前一部分不是句子。因为逗号通常不能连接两个独立的句子，正确选项为B，构成独立主格结构。句，句中用了句号，表明前后两部分是两
6、个完整的句子，又因为在表示存在句的 there 后不用 have , 故正确选项为D。, _ no buses , we had no choice but to walk home . _ no buses . We had no choice but to walk home . A. There had B. There being C. It being D. There were,瞄准标点符号 跳出信息误区,一、逗号“，”可将称呼语和祈使句的主体部分隔开，如： Jane , _ sure to come by half past six this evening . A. will
7、be B. is C. is about to D. be,应选D。因逗号，不能再把 Jane 看成句子的主语。,应选C作插入语。若当非限制性定语从句时应把D中的 by 习惯上用 to。,逗号可将插入语和句子的其他部分隔开，如： The southerners , _ , live mainly on rice . A. who B. that you know C. you know D. as is known by us,二、逗号可暗示出前后可能是复合句或含非谓语动词作状语的句子 ，如：(MET90),_ more attention , the trees could have gro
8、wn better . A. Given B. To give C. If giving D. Having given,句中 the trees 暗示须用表被动的过去分词作条件状语，应选A。若选D应为 Having been given . 选C应为 If (it was) given .,三、句号“ . ”说明前后为两个独立的句子。前句或后句提供另一句解题的语境或条件。要充分捕捉句号提供的有效信息，准确理解解意。如：,I cant pay for these books . Theyre _ expensive for me . A. too B. very C. so D. much,由
9、于前部的否定句子信息，应选A。完整的句子为：Theyre too expensive for me to pay for .,后部提供了不愿相见信息，应选B。wish 后接过去完成时表虚拟，希望过去干或未干某事就好了。,I wish I _ my neighbour . Now we both try hard to avoid meeting each other . A. dont know B. had never got to know C. didnt come to recognize D. had recognized,四、分号“；”将两个独立的分句隔开，分号后边的句子不再用连词
10、，如,Ive read a lot about the High Dam _ the biggest in the world . A. ; its B. ; which is C. and its D. that is,应选 A。若是逗号分句可选非限制性定语从句B。而C应为 and its = and it is .,五、感叹号“!”是引起感叹句的重要标志，如：,(NMT93)_ from Beijing to London! A. How for is it B. Its far away C. What is a distance D. What a long way it is,因句尾
11、感叹号,还原为一般句子再判断应选D。,六、问号“?”是疑问句的显著标志，如：,_ the old man that was surprised at the news? A. Was B. Was it C. What did D. Was that,由问号知此句是强调句 It was the old的变形,前句问号信息暗示瞬间的过去时，“刚才”未听明白，不是能力上的B项，应选A。,(NMET)95 Your phone number again ? I _ quite catch it . Its 9568442 . A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant,七
12、、破折号“”说明破折号后面的部分是前面相应部分的同位语，或是前面相应部分的解释，如：,He sent scores of American stamps to his old schoolmates _. A. she and we B. her and me C. you and they D. LiYing and I,破折号之后的部分是宾语schoolmates的同位语，故须选宾语B,八、引号“”往往使被引部分的性质有所改变，如：,“Leaves”_ the plural form of the word “leaf ”. A. mean B. have C. is D. stand f
13、or,选C，主语为一个整体概念。,九、撇号“”常用来表示所有格或缩略式，hes = he is ; shes = she has ; we wont = we will not ; Youd better = You had better 等。,That teacher said that that “that” that that student used in that sentence was wrong . 老师说那个学生用在那个句子中的那个“that”是错误的。“that”作定语从句中的主语。,(MET90) Its a fine day . Lets go fishing , _?
14、A. wont we B. will you C. dont we D. shall we,“提议大家”用 lets , 反意疑问句用D。“表请求对方允许”用 let us,反意疑问句选B。,请用标点符号的暗示信息选择下列试题：,1.(MET92)-Please dont make a noise . -_ . Ill be as quiet as a mouse . A. Yes , I wont B. No , I wont C. No , I will D. Yes , I will 2.(92上海题) He stood on one leg , _ against the wall ,
15、 while he took off his shoe . A. lying B. stopping C. falling D. leading,3.May I borrow a tool of yours? Certainly . _ . A. you can B. here is it C. You are welcome D. please to 4._ a baby lying on the road , the car came to a stop . A. When the driver noticed B. Having seen C. When finding D. To observe,5.Miss Smith is a friend of _ . A. Linlis sisters friends B. Linli sister friends C. Linlis sister friend D. Linlis sisters friend 6.The _ children knew my _ uncle . A. passer-bys ; sister-in-laws B. passerss-by; sister-in-law C. passers-by ; sister-in-laws D. passer-by ; sister-in-law,