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1、情 态 动 词 小 结（一）情态动词概说 1情态动词也是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词所表示的情态有：请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。 2情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。如： 她会唱英文歌曲。 She cans sing an English song.（F） She can sings an English song.（F） She can sing an English song.（T） 3有些情态动词的过去时与其原形相同，有些与原形不同。 (1) 与原形相同的有： must - mu
2、st ought to - ought to (2) 与原形不同的有： can - could will - would may - might shall - should need - needed dare - dared have to - had to 4大多数的情态动词后面可以用动词不定式（多不带to）的进行时、完成时或被动形式，如：may, can, must等。 （二）情态动词的种类：（见下表）原 形过去式词 义cancould能maymight可以（或许）mustmust(had to)必须（不得不）willwould愿意shallshould应该needneeded需要da
3、redared敢于（三）情态动词的否定形式：cannot - cant could not - couldnt may not- maynt might not- mightnt must not - mustnt will not - wont would not - wouldnt need not - neednt shall not - shant should not - shouldnt ought not - oughtnt dare not - darent （四）常用情态动词的用法：1can与could1） can（1）表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”，也能表示根据客观条件能做某
4、事的“能力”。 He can drive. Can you jump as far as he did? I cant catch up with Jim. can与be able to二者都表示“能够”，区别是：can只有现在时和过去式，而be able to可用于各种时态。如： Ill be able to speak French in half a year. He hasnt been able to finish it on time. （2）表示允许： You can go now. Can I use your bike? （3）表示推测： Who can it be? It
5、cant be true. can表示猜测或怀疑只用于疑问句及否定句中。 2） could（1）can的过去式，表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。 He couldnt climb up the mountain. The news could be true. （2）表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。 Could you go skating with me tomorrow? Im afraid I couldnt give you an answer tonight.（3）表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度 How could he say that? He couldnt be in Beijin
6、g. 2may与might1） may（1）表示请求、许可、可以 May I use your dictionary? Yes, please/certainly. May I come in? （2）表示推测说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。 It may rain this afternoon. I may leave for Hangzhou next week. （3）may用于感叹句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。 May you do well! May you have a good time! 2) might （1）用作may的过去式。 We didnt know th
7、at he might be our new teacher. The accident might happen the day before yesterday. （2）替代may来表示现在时间的动作，主要于推测（但其可能性比may更低）。 Im afraid it might snow tomorrow. You might meet him at the conference. The movie might have finished now. （3）委婉地表示请求（不是过去式）。 Might I ask you a question? Might you go there with
8、 me? 3must（1）表示义务，命令或必要。 Soldiers must obey orders. We must be strict with ourselves.（2）表示肯定的推测：一定 He must be at home.（对现在的猜测） I think you must have made a mistake.（对过去的猜测） He must be our new teacher. He cant be our new teacher. （3）此外还要弄清楚must与have to的区别 4will与would1） will（1）表示意愿、决心。此时可用于各种人称。 He wo
9、nt come to see you.他不愿来见你。（表示意愿） I will try my best to catch up with her.我将尽最大努力赶上她。（表示决心）（2）表示请求，此时仅限于“will you (please)？”句型中，仅用于第二人称和疑问句中。 Will you please buy me an English-Chinese dictionary when you go to the bookstore? Will you have some rice? 2） would（1）will的过去式，表示过去的意愿和决心。 He said he would do
10、 everything for her, but she said she would never see him again. They believed that we would help them. （2）用于现在时，表示委婉地提出请求，建议或看法。此时would的用法比will更加委婉。 Would you please show me the way to the museum? I would like to say something about it. will和would用于“劝某人接受”时，只能用some，不能用any。如： Would you like some fis
11、h? 吃点鱼好吗？ 5shall与should1） shall 征求对方意见或请求，用于第一、三人称。表示“要不要？”、“好吗？” Shall I open the window? Shall the doctor come?2） should（1）should意思是“应该”，表示劝告或建议（=ought to） You should wash your hands before dinner. We should help each other. （2）用来表示可能性或猜测。 He should be in the office now. I should be right. （3）shou
12、ld有时能表示说话人的情感等。 Its funny that they should be confident.（表示轻视） Why should I do that for you?（表示不满）（4）should后接动词不定式（不加to）时，若用于肯定句，表示某件事本应该完成却未完成；若用于否定句，则表示某事不该发生却发生了。 You should have told us the truth.（应该告诉却没有） He should have known the importance of it.应该知道却不知道） We shouldnt have left so early.（不应该早出来
13、，可已经做了） 6need1）need意思是“需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和关系问句中。 You neednt come so early. Need I take part in the Party? 2) need引导的疑问句，肯定回答时多用must，否定回答时用neednt。 Need he come? Yes, he must. No, he neednt.3) need后接名词做宾语时，表示“需要”某件事物，此时用作实义动词，与一般的实义动词用法完全一样。如： We need three apples. He doesnt need so many books. 7. ought o
14、ught只有一种形式，后面常与to连用，意思是“应该”。 You ought to visit us often. Sorry, I ought to leave now. 在表示“应该”时，ought to的语气比should要强，比must稍弱。 8. dare1) dare意思是“敢”，用于肯定结构中时，后接加to的动词不定式。 The boy dared to climb up the tree. She should dare to question her teacher. 2）dare用于否定句或疑问句中时，与大多数的情态动词一样，后接不带to的动词不定式。 Dont dare
15、do that again! The poor girl dare not go home. 9had better You had better see a doctor. You had better not leave now. Had I better wait for her? 练习检测 1. Nobody _ do it. Let me _ . A. can, try B. cant, to try C. can, to try D. cant, trying2. “ _ you like _ bananas to eat?” “ Yes, please.” A. Would, s
16、ome B. Will, any C. Could, any D. Can, some3. “ Can you answer this question in English?” “ Sorry, I _.” A. neednt B. may not C. cant D. mustnt4. “ _ I borrow your dictionary?” “ Certainly, here you are.” A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall5. I _ see the words on the blackboard. _ you write a bit clearl
17、y? A. mustnt, Can B. dont, will C. cant, Can D. neednt, Could6. Its a sunny day today. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. can7. Ive looked for my pen everywhere, but I _ find it. A. couldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. didnt8. “ _ I speak to Ann?” “ Speaking.” A. Must B. May C. N
18、eed D. Shall9. Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? _. A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shall C. Yes, you will D. All right10. Mr. John, we must hand in our homework today, _? No, you _. But you must bring it to school tomorrow. A. neednt we；mustnt B. mustnt we；neednt C. mustnt you；mustnt D. neednt we；needn
19、t11. _ I take the newspaper away ? No, you mustnt. You _ read it only here. A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must12. - Must I stay at home and take care of her? - No, you _. A. mustnt B. wont C. cant D. neednt 13. - Can you mend a TV set? - No, I _. A. mustnt B. cant C. may not D. nee
20、dnt14. - Whose guitar is this？ - _. A. It must Alis. B. It might belong to Alis. C. It must Ali D. It might belong to Ali.need, neednt, can, cant, shall, shouldnt may, must, mustnt, have to, would 15. I _ show him the way, _I?16. Can you answer this question in French? No, I_.17. May I keep the book
21、 for three weeks? No, you _ .18. Nobody _ live without air or water.19. You _ not worry. Everything will be all right.20. _ I have some chocolates now? No, you mustnt.21. Children _ be left alone.22. I _ finish my homework before I go to bed.23. _we go out for a walk? Thats a good idea.24. _you like
22、 some fish?答案解析: 1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D10.由must构成的疑问句，肯定回答：Yes, you must.否定回答：No, you neednt。本题既是反意疑问句，又要做否定回答故选B。11. 表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方提建议、邀请等，可用“May I？”句型，故答案选B。12.对由情态动词must引起的一般疑问句的肯定回答用“Yes,.must.”否定回答用“No,.neednt.”所以此题答案应选D。13. can表示体力和脑力方面的能力，或根据客观条件能做某种动作的 “能力”。由can引起的一般疑问句，肯定回答是“Yes, I can. ” 否定回答是“No, I cant. ”。所以答案应选B。14. 选D,其他三项格式不对15. neednt, must 16. cant17. mustnt 18. can19. need 20. May21. shouldnt 22. have to23. shall 24. would