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1、高考英语复习语法高考英语复习语法代词代词一、代词的分类一、代词的分类类别类别例词例词人称人称代词代词主格主格I,we,you,you,he,she,it,they宾格宾格me,us,you,you,him,her,it,them物主物主代词代词形容形容词性词性my,our,your,your,his,her,its,their名词名词性性mine,ours,yours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs类别类别例词例词反身代词反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves相互代
2、词相互代词each other,one another指示代词指示代词that,this,these,those,same,such,so类别类别例词例词不定代词不定代词one,another,other,both,either,neither,none,each,every,all,any,some,anybody,anything疑问代词疑问代词what,who,which,whom,whose连接代词连接代词that关系代词关系代词who,that,which,whom,whose,as二、代词的用法二、代词的用法（一）、人称代词的用法（一）、人称代词的用法1.比较状语从句中的人称代词比
3、较状语从句中的人称代词在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代替主格（尤其是在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代替主格（尤其是其后跟有同位语其后跟有同位语all,both时），时），如如He is as old as I/me.Lucy is taller than us all.但若可能引起误解，就不能用宾格代替主格但若可能引起误解，就不能用宾格代替主格 His wife likes the dog better than he.His wife likes the dog better than him.2.在强调句型中，如果强调主语用主格，强调宾语用宾格在强调句型中，如果强调主语用主格，强调宾语
4、用宾格It is she who is singing in the room.It was her that we met yesterday.3.人称代词的词序人称代词的词序单数：通常按单数：通常按you-she/he-I或是或是she-he-you-I排列排列【注意注意】如果和比自己身份低的人或动物并排时，可把如果和比自己身份低的人或动物并排时，可把第一人称第一人称I放在前面放在前面复数：通常按复数：通常按we-you-they排列排列承认过失、表示不吉祥的事或有不好的意思时，单数承认过失、表示不吉祥的事或有不好的意思时，单数按按I-he/she-you人称排列，复数按人称排列，复数按w
5、e-you-they人称排列人称排列（二）、物主代词的用法（二）、物主代词的用法1形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词只作定语：只作定语：This is our classroom.His father is an engineer.2名词性物主代词名词性物主代词所作成分所作成分例句例句1作主作主语语This is her coat.Mine is over there.2宾语宾语Something has gone wrong with my bike.May I use yours?3表表语语This book isnt mine;its Toms.【说明说明】英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而
6、汉语中往往省英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不译。略不译。如：如：Jack took off his coat and went to bed.杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了。杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了。“of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词”可用作定语。可用作定语。如：如：Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.我的一些朋友要出席我的生日晚宴。我的一些朋友要出席我的生日晚宴。（三）、反身代词的用法（三）、反身代词的用法所作成分所作成分例句例句1 宾语宾语动动宾宾Tom taught himself Chinese.介介宾宾Sh
7、e loves me for myself,not for my money.2表表语语She is not quite herself today.（be oneself:身心自在）身心自在）3同位同位语语I myself can repair the bike.The table itself has only three legs.反身代词不能单独做主语，只能在并列主语中做第二或第反身代词不能单独做主语，只能在并列主语中做第二或第三主语三主语 My brother and myself went there yesterday.带有反身代词的惯用语带有反身代词的惯用语by oneself
8、 亲自（独自地）亲自（独自地）talk to oneself 自言自语自言自语 take care of yourself 请多保重请多保重 amuse oneself 自娱自娱 beside oneself 失常，发狂失常，发狂 devote oneself to 致力于致力于 be not oneself 身体不舒适身体不舒适 find oneself in 不知不觉处于不知不觉处于 for oneself 为自己为自己 dress oneself 自己穿自己穿 excuse oneself 自我辩解自我辩解 enjoy oneself 过得愉快过得愉快 boast oneself 自夸自
9、夸 express oneself 表达自己的意思表达自己的意思 bring sb.to oneself 使使苏醒过来苏醒过来 between ourselves 只限你我之间（不外传）只限你我之间（不外传）make oneself at home 随便些随便些/请不要拘束请不要拘束（四）、指示代词的用法（四）、指示代词的用法1.指示代词可以在句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语，指示代词可以在句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语，主语补语等；主语补语等；其中，指示代词作主语时，指人或物其中，指示代词作主语时，指人或物都可以，但是作其他成份时，只指物。都可以，但是作其他成份时，只指物。2.this和和th
10、ese一般指时间或空间上较近的事物；一般指时间或空间上较近的事物；that和和those一般指时间或空间上较远的事物，一般指时间或空间上较远的事物，如如 I was very busy this morning but not that morning.3.this和和these常指后面将要讲到的事物；常指后面将要讲到的事物；that和和those多多指前面讲过的事物，指前面讲过的事物，如如 I shall say this to you:he is an honest man.He was ill.Thats why he didnt come.4.在打电话时，在打电话时，this表示表示“
11、我我”，that表示表示“你你”5.that和和those可代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复，可代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复，that还可代替不可数名词；还可代替不可数名词；The story is more interesting than that you read a few days ago.6.this和和that有时可表示有时可表示“程度程度”，作状语，作状语，如如 I dont want that much.The book is about this thick.7.that还用于某些惯用语，还用于某些惯用语，如如 that is这就是说；这就是说；thats all就这些；就
12、这些；thats that情况就是这样情况就是这样8.same必须跟必须跟定冠词定冠词the连用，在句中可作连用，在句中可作主语、表语、主语、表语、宾语和定语；宾语和定语；可用于可用于the sameas结构中，表示结构中，表示“同同一样一样”，He feels the same today as I did yesterday.9.so用作代词可代替前面的句子，这时它作用作代词可代替前面的句子，这时它作think,tell,say,believe,hope,expect,suppose,guess,Im afraid,seem等等词的宾语，但不能与词的宾语，但不能与know,doubt,Im
13、 sure,ask连用。连用。（五）、不定代词的用法（五）、不定代词的用法不指明所代替的名词，而起到名词或形容词作用的代词不指明所代替的名词，而起到名词或形容词作用的代词叫不定代词，有叫不定代词，有名词性和形容词性名词性和形容词性之分，有之分，有可数和不可可数和不可数数区别。区别。可数可数one,each,many,both,another,either,neither,(a)few 不可数不可数much,(a)little可数不可数不可数可数none,any,other,all,some 复合不复合不定代定代词词anyone,anybody,anything;someone,somebody
14、,something;everyone,everybody,everything;nobody,nothing 1none,no one,nothing 的用法区别的用法区别1）none 既可指人，也可指物既可指人，也可指物，且一定是，且一定是特指特指概念，常用概念，常用来回答来回答how many/much 引导的疑问句；引导的疑问句；no one 只能指人只能指人，且只能是且只能是泛指泛指概念，常用来回答概念，常用来回答who 引导的疑问句；引导的疑问句；nothing“什么也没有什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答，否定一切，常用来回答what 引引导的疑问句。导的疑问句。如：如：How
15、many people are there in the room now?None.Who is in the room?No one/nobody.2)none 后面可加后面可加of 引导的介词短语，而引导的介词短语，而something/anything/everything/nothing;someone/anyone/everyone/no one 却不能。却不能。2.each 和和every 1)each 强调强调“个体个体”，起代词和形容词作用；，起代词和形容词作用；every 强调强调“全体全体”，只能作定语。，只能作定语。Every/Each child has strong
16、 and weak points.Each of the students will get a new book.each 作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，如：如：The tickets each cost ten dollars.(each 作同位语，不能用作同位语，不能用costs)不可用不可用not each 来表示部分否定，而用来表示部分否定，而用not every 表示部分表示部分否定。否定。2)every 还可表示还可表示“每隔每隔”；构成；构成“every+数词数词+复数名复数名词词”，“every+few+复数名词复数名词”，“every+ot
17、her+单数名单数名词词”或或“every+序数词序数词+单数名词单数名词”，each没有这种用法。没有这种用法。every year or two 每一两年每一两年 every now and then 时常时常every other day 每隔一天每隔一天Choose one out of every ten boys.每十个男孩中选一个。每十个男孩中选一个。one car to every 20 people 每每20人乘一辆车人乘一辆车3.another,other,the other,others,the others 用法一览表用法一览表不定代不定代词词意意义义用法用法说说明明a
18、nother任何一任何一个，另个，另一个一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词词或形或形容容词词。如：。如：I dont like this coat.Show me another,please.other另外的另外的只作定只作定语语，常与复数名，常与复数名词词或不可数名或不可数名词连词连用；但如果前面用；但如果前面有有the,this,that some,any,each,every,no,one 及及my,your,his 等等时时，则则可与可与单单数名数名词连词连用。如：用。如：any other plant,every other day。th
19、e other两者中两者中的另一的另一个个常与常与one 连连用，构成：用，构成：one the other 一个一个另一个另一个；作定；作定语语修修饰饰复数名复数名词时词时，表示，表示“全部其余的全部其余的”others泛指泛指别别的人或的人或物物是是other 的复数形式，泛指的复数形式，泛指别别的人或物（但不是全的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定部），不能作定语语，构成，构成someothersthe others特指其特指其余的人余的人或物或物是是the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物。的复数形式，特指其余的人或物。4.both,all,either,any,neither,n
20、one 的用法的用法都都任何一个任何一个都不都不两者两者both eitherneither三者（以上）三者（以上）all any none如：如：1)I had to buy all these books because I didnt know which one was the best.2)It is easy to do the repair.All you need is a hammer and some nails.3)I invited Joe and Linda to dinner,but neither of them came.4)Which of the three
21、 ways shall I take to the village?Any way as you please.5.one,ones,the one,the ones one 用来替代前面出现的用来替代前面出现的单数名词单数名词，是，是泛指概念泛指概念相当相当于于a/an+单数名词单数名词；ones用来替代前面出现的用来替代前面出现的复数名词复数名词；the one用来替代前面出现的用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词特指的单数可数名词，相，相当于当于the+单数名词单数名词，有时可用，有时可用that 代替（尤其在有后代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。置定语的情况下）。the ones 用来
22、代替前面的用来代替前面的特指的复特指的复数名词数名词，有时可用，有时可用those代替（尤其在有后置定语的情代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。况下）。如：如：Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present,one(=a present)that I have never seen.Mr.Zhang gave me many valuable presents,ones(=many presents)that I have never seen.The book on the desk is better than that/the one under the
23、desk.The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.6.it 的用法的用法 用法用法说说明明 例句例句1用作人称代用作人称代词词，指，指代前面提到的事物代前面提到的事物This is not my book.It is Marys.2用来代替指示代用来代替指示代词词this 或或that Whats this?It is a dictionary.Whose jacket is that?It is hers.3指人（一般指小孩指人（一般指小孩或是身份不明朗的或是身份不明朗的人）人）Who is kn
24、ocking at the door?Its me.The baby no more cried as soon as it saw its mother.4指指时间时间、距离、天、距离、天气、气、环环境等境等 Whats the time now?Its ten past eight.Its getting colder and colder now.Its about ten minutes walk from my home to the school.It was very quiet at the moment.5指代前面整个句子指代前面整个句子的内容的内容Our team won
25、the football match.Have you heard about it?6表示表示“喜喜欢欢、恨、恨”等等心理方面的心理方面的动词动词，后面跟上后面跟上it 然后再然后再跟从句，其从句作跟从句，其从句作it 的同位的同位语语I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.I like it in autumn when the weather is clear ad bright.7（未指明但（未指明但谈话谈话双双方心里都明白的）方心里
26、都明白的）那件事、那种情况那件事、那种情况How is it(=you life,work)going?Do you like it here?Oh,yes.The air,the weather,the way of life，everything is so nice.8it 还还可用作形式主可用作形式主语语、形式、形式宾语宾语Its impossible to get there in time.I find it strange that she doesnt want to go.Its foolish talking like this.a.指代不定式和动名词指代不定式和动名词 I
27、t makes me sick to think about the problem（代替不定式（代替不定式to think about the problem）Its terribly tiring working late like this（代替动名词（代替动名词working late like this）。）。常见用常见用it代替动名词的结构有：代替动名词的结构有：Its no use no good no need hopeless no harm/foolish worthwhile doing sth如：如：Its no good waiting this morningCom
28、e back Mondayb用用for和和of引起的短语，表示动作逻辑上的主语引起的短语，表示动作逻辑上的主语 Its very kind of you to have listened to meIts important for us students to learn English wellc.引导引导that从句时，这种从句中的谓语有时需用虚拟语气。从句从句时，这种从句中的谓语有时需用虚拟语气。从句常用常用should（也可省略），表示（也可省略），表示“应该应该”或或“竟然竟然”。列举如下：列举如下：It was necessary that he should work hard
29、It was strange that she（should）order her mother9用于强调句型，即用于强调句型，即“It is/was被强调部分被强调部分that/who/whom+其它其它”句型之中。句型之中。使用该句型有以下几点请注意：使用该句型有以下几点请注意：强调句的谓语强调句的谓语is或或was永远用单数永远用单数.It was yesterday that I met your father in the street不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使连接，不得使用用where、when等连词等连词.It was in
30、 the street that I met your father yesterday被强调部分为人时，可用被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格主格或宾格)和和whom(宾宾格格)代替代替that，用，用that也行。也行。It was your father that/whom/who I met in the street yesterdayIt was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday强调句中强调句中 也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。问题。It is they wh
31、o are our friendsIt was not until ten oclock that we got home last night注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is/wasthat为为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。It was ten oclock when we got home last nightIt was at ten oclock that we got home last night1.(09
32、山东山东23)I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face _ day like that.A.other B.another C.the other D.others 2.(09宁夏、海南宁夏、海南33)One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public healthA.what B.this C.that D.which3.(09江苏江苏35)Nine in ten parents said the
33、re were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _ _ of their parents.A.those B.one C.both D.that4.(09陕西陕西10)Jane was asked a lot of questions,but she didnt answer of them.A.other B.any C.none D.some 5.(09四川四川3)I like this house with a beautiful garden in front.but I dont have enough money to buy .A.one B.it C.this D.that6.(09北京北京35)Being a parent is not always easy,and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _extra stress.A.it B.them C.one D.him