《英语中动词讲解.pptx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语中动词讲解.pptx(18页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、动词的分类实义动词系动词助动词情态动词第1页/共18页1.及物动词 vt.本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整,后面直接跟宾语。本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整,后面直接跟宾语。I I lovelove you.you.2.不及物动词 vi.自身意思完整,无需接宾语,如接宾语必须在动词之后加上某个介词。自身意思完整,无需接宾语,如接宾语必须在动词之后加上某个介词。Birds can Birds can flyfly.We will We will arrivearrive in in Beijing tomorrow.Beijing tomorrow.(一)实义动词第2页/共1
2、8页及物动词及物动词vtvt.nhit love like enjoy get owe put prefer consider1 1、I I like like the book very muchthe book very much.2 2、I I will will considerconsider your your suggestion.suggestion.第3页/共18页不及物动词不及物动词vi.vi.nsell wash burn cook cut drive dress speak last open write start run read break1 1 1 1、Dry
3、wood Dry wood Dry wood Dry wood burns burns burns burns easily.easily.easily.easily.2 2 2 2、She She She She spoke spoke spoke spoke at at at at the meeting yesterday evening.the meeting yesterday evening.the meeting yesterday evening.the meeting yesterday evening.第4页/共18页不定式作宾语补足语时省不定式作宾语补足语时省toto的动
4、词的动词(使役、感官动词类)速记口诀一感,二听,三让,四看,半帮助一感:feel二听:hear,listen to三让:make,let(不用于被动),have四看:see,notice,watch,observe半帮助:help第5页/共18页例句:1.The boss made them A 12 hours a day.A.work B.to work C.worked D.working2.They were made B 12 hours a day.A.work B.to work C.worked D.working第6页/共18页既作及物动词又作不及物动词的词既作及物动词又作不
5、及物动词的词Study fly run change等。n他跑得快。He runs(vi.)fast.n他经营一家工厂。He runs(vt.)a factory.第7页/共18页掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则。1、动词的第三人称单数的构成:动词特征动词特征变化变化例词例词一般动词一般动词词尾加词尾加-s-slook-lookslook-looks find-findsfind-finds以以s,x,ch,sh,s,x,ch,sh,或或o o结尾结尾词尾加词尾加-es-eswatch-watch-watcheswatchespush-pushespu
6、sh-pushes以以“辅音字母辅音字母+Y+Y”结尾结尾变变Y Y为为i i再加再加-es-esfly-fliesfly-flies第8页/共18页2 2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成 规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成方法是相同的。动词特征动词特征变化变化例词例词一般动词一般动词词尾加词尾加-ed-edlook-looked,lookedlook-looked,looked以以e e结尾结尾词尾加词尾加-d-dlive-lived,livedlive-lived,lived以以“辅音字母辅音字母+Y+Y”结结尾尾变变Y Y为为i i,再加,再加-ed-edcar
7、ry-carry-carried,carriedcarried,carried以重读闭音节或以重读闭音节或r r音音节结尾且末尾只有一节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母个辅音字母双写该辅音字母,再双写该辅音字母,再加加-ed-edstop-stop-stopped,stoppedstopped,stopped第9页/共18页3、动词的现在分词的构成:动词特征动词特征变化变化例词例词一般动词一般动词直接加直接加-ing-inglook-lookinglook-lookingwatch-watchingwatch-watching以以e e结尾结尾去去e e加加-ing-ingcome-comingco
8、me-comingmove-movingmove-moving以重读闭音节或以重读闭音节或r r音节结尾,且末音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音尾只有一个辅音字母字母先双写该辅音字先双写该辅音字母,再加母,再加-ing-ingswim-swim-swimmingswimmingrun-runingrun-runing以以ieie结尾且为重结尾且为重读开音节读开音节变变ieie加加y y再加再加ingingdie-dyingdie-dyinglie-lyinglie-lying第10页/共18页n n 常见的连系动词有常见的连系动词有:becomebecome,turnturn,getget,grow
9、grow,keepkeep,feelfeel,looklook,seemseem,smellsmell,fallfall 等等。它它们后面常接形容词,构成系表结构们后面常接形容词,构成系表结构。The bread The bread lookslooks very fresh very fresh.这些面包看上去很新鲜这些面包看上去很新鲜(二)系动词掌握系动词be,look,feel,smell,get,become,turn,keep等的基本用法;第11页/共18页(三)助动词掌握助动词be,do,have,shall,will的基本法;n助动词是“辅助性”动词,一般没有词义,不能单独作谓语
10、,但可用来帮助构成谓语,表示不同的时态,语态和数的变化。n常见的助动词有:(1)be(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)与现在分词结合,构成各种进行时态;或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。I am looking for my pen 我正在找我的笔。(现在进行时)These cups are made in China。这些杯子是中国制造的。(被动语态)第12页/共18页(2)have(has,had,having)与过去分词结合,构成完成时。nThey have known each other for twenty years。他们相互认识有二十年了。(现在完成时)
11、nHe had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten。他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。(过去完成时)第13页/共18页(3)助动词do(does,did)后只能跟动词原形,与not及其他动词构成否定句,或置于主语之前构成疑问句。n He does not speak English。他不说英语。n When did he come back?他什么时候回来的?第14页/共18页(4)will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后;would是will的过去时,能用于过去将来时;两者后面都接动词原形。nThe plane will
12、arrive in ten minutes。飞机十分钟后将要到达。nI was sure we would win。我确信我们会赢第15页/共18页(5)shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义,shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后;should是shall的过去式,只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后,两者后面都接动词原形。nWe shall meet at the school gate tomorrow。我们明天将在校门口见。nI told them that I should do the work alone。我告诉他们我将独自坐那项工作。第16页/共18页(四)情态动词情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词,用来表示说话人的语气或情态,包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全,不能单独做谓语,没有人称和数的变化,且后面只跟动词原形。情态动词的种类:原形过去式词义cancould能maymight可以(或许)mustmust(had to)必须(不得不)willwould愿意shallshould应该needneeded需要daredared敢于第17页/共18页感谢您的观看!第18页/共18页