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1、动词分类动词分类概念概念能独立作谓语的动词能独立作谓语的动词本身有意义，但不能独立作本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。谓语。本身无意义或意义不完整，本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。不能单独作谓语。有一定词义，本身不表示动有一定词义，本身不表示动作和状态，而仅仅表达说话作和状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度。人的态度。实义动词实义动词系动词系动词助动词助动词情态动词情态动词第1页/共65页（一）实义动词（一）实义动词1._ 本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。I like the book.2._自身意思完整，无需接宾语。Birds can
2、fly.及物动词及物动词不及物动词不及物动词第2页/共65页1动词+宾语IlikeEnglishverymuch.2动词+宾语+宾补Wepainttheshelfpink.加名词作宾补的词有:call,choose,consider,elect,make,name3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语V+sbsthV+sthfor/tosb及物动词及物动词第3页/共65页1）动词+宾语+不定式(todo)（宾补）adviseallowcauseenableencouragefindforbidforcewishinviteorderpermitpersuaderemindtellwarnexpectwi
3、sh第4页/共65页一have,let和make,此三动词是使役，使用它们要仔细，后接“宾补”略去“to”一感feel,二听hear,listento,三让have,let,make,四看see,lookat,observe,watch2）动词+宾语+省略to的不定式（宾补）第5页/共65页口诀：不定式作宾语补足语时省不定式作宾语补足语时省totototo的动词的动词【速记口诀】一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助【速记口诀】一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助【妙语诠释】一感：【妙语诠释】一感：feelfeelfeelfeel；二听：二听：hearhearhearhear,listen tolisten
4、 tolisten tolisten to；三让：三让：makemakemakemake，letletletlet，havehavehavehave；四看：四看：seeseeseesee，noticenoticenoticenotice，watchwatchwatchwatch，observeobserveobserveobserve；半帮助：半帮助：helphelphelphelp第6页/共65页colour,keep,find,get,leave,make,paint,cutEg:Pleasecolouritred.Ifinditinteresting.3）动词+adj(做补语)第7页/共
5、65页get/leave/keep/set/catch/havesb.doing;see/find/watch/feel/hear/listento/discoversb.doing如:他让我等了整整一上午。Hekeptmewaitingthewholemorning.4）动词加现在分词做补语第8页/共65页过去分词作宾补时，常见的词有have,get,makehavesthdoneEg:我理发了。Ihavehadmyhaircut.我让别人明白了。Imademyselfheard.5）动词加过去分词（补语）第9页/共65页口诀：口诀：能接不定式，又能接动名词，但意思不同的动词或词组：能接不定
6、式，又能接动名词，但意思不同的动词或词组：forget,go on,mean,remember,stop,tryforget,go on,mean,remember,stop,try，regret,regret,巧记，巧记，即即 四四 记记 力争不后悔力争不后悔。四记指。四记指(记得记得/记住；忘记；记住；忘记；计划计划/打算；继续打算；继续)；力争指；力争指trytry；不后悔指不后悔指 stop stop regretting-stop regretting-stop 与与regretregret。第10页/共65页bring,hand,lend,mail,offer,owe,passpo
7、st,read,return,send,sell,show,take,teach,tell,throw,writeV+直宾或间宾+sb+sth/sthtosb第11页/共65页book,buy,choosecook,draw,fetchfind,fix,getmake,order,pickpreparesavesingsparestealV+直宾或间宾+sbsth/sthforsb第12页/共65页1.没有被动形式，如happen,occur,rise,lie,die不及物动词n2.主动表示被动的词n动词+(well,poorly,easily)nsell,wash,burn,cook,cut
8、,drive,dress,play,last,open,write,start,run,read,operate,break,measure,weigh1.Drywoodburnseasily.2.Theclothwasheswell.第13页/共65页他跑的快。Herunsfast.他经营一家工厂。Herunsafactory.Eg:study，fly，run,change既作及物又作不及物动词的词第14页/共65页1.Shelookedforwardeveryspringto_theflower-linedgarden.A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walk
9、ingin2.Iwouldappreciate_backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.yourecalling3.Thedayhehaslookedforwardto_atlast.A.comingB.cameC.comeD.comes4.MrSmithwarnedherson_afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive5.Shepretended_mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tono
10、tseeD.havingnotseenDCBExerciseAA第15页/共65页常见的连系动词有：be,become,turn,get,grow,keep,feel,look,seem,smell,turn,fall等。它们都表示状态的渐变或保持不变，以及表示感觉。后面接形容词构成系表结构。Eg：Pleasekeeptheclassroomclean.Thebreadlooksveryfresh.Hisplansoundedpractical.（二）系动词（二）系动词本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，必本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。须和表语一起构成谓语。第16页/共65页
11、状态变化系动词系动词系动词用法用法习惯搭配习惯搭配朝坏的方面变化朝坏的方面变化wrong,bad,mad,hungry,blindetc.表颜色等表颜色等red,green表成长中的变化表成长中的变化strong,tall由动态到静态转变由动态到静态转变ill,sick,asleep转向好的状态转向好的状态true,alive常用来指人或物的常用来指人或物的状态的变化状态的变化become接名词接名词时时,名词前接冠词名词前接冠词gocometurngrowfallgetbecome第17页/共65页1.Theweatherwill_hotforanothertwoweeks.A.lastB.
12、remainC.getD.turn2.Thehotweatherwill _anothertwodays.A.lastB.remainC.getD.turn3.Thebossmadethem_12hoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workedD.working4.Theyweremade_12hoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workedD.workingBAABExercise第18页/共65页5.-Haveyougotaticketfortheconcert?-No,thetickets_wellandthey_outlastweek.A.sell;we
13、resoldB.sell;soldC.sell;havebeensoldD.aresell;soldA6.Dont get that ink on your white shirt for it_.A.wont wash out B.doesnt wash away C isnt washing out D.hasnt washed away7.They tried to get the car _,but it wont_.A.started;start B.to start;start C.started;started D.to start;to startAA第19页/共65页助动词是
14、“辅助性”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态，语态，和数的变化。常见的助动词有：（1）be(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)与现在分词结合构成各种进行时态，或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。Eg:Imlookingformypen.（现在进行时）Whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterday?(过去进行时)ThesecupsaremadeinChina.（被动语态）（三）助动词（三）助动词第20页/共65页（2）have(has,had,having)与过去分词结合构成完成时。Eg:Theyhaveknown
15、eachotherfortwentyyears.（现在完成时）Hehadbuiltachemistrylabforhimselfattheageoften.（过去完成时）（3）助动词do(does,did)后只能跟动词原形，与not及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语之前构成疑问句。Eg:HedoesnotspeakEnglish.Whendidhecomeback?第21页/共65页（4）will(would),shall(should)：will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；would是will的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。Eg:Theplanewillarrivein
16、tenminutes.飞机十分中后将要到达。Iwassurethatwewouldwin.我确信用我们会赢。shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义，shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；should是shall的过去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。Eg:Weshallmeetattheschoolgatetomorrow.我们明天将在校门口见。ItoldthemthatIshoulddotheworkalone.我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。第22页/共65页 情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要
17、、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。情态动词的种类：原原原原 形形形形 过去式过去式过去式过去式 词词词词 义义义义 can can could could 能能能能 may may might might 可以（或许）可以（或许）可以（或许）可以（或许）must must must(had to)must(had to)必须（不得不）必须（不得不）必须（不得不）必须（不得不）will will would would 愿意愿意愿意愿意 shall shall should should 应该应该应该应该 ne
18、ed need needed needed 需要需要需要需要 dare dare dared dared 敢于敢于敢于敢于 （四）情态动词（四）情态动词第23页/共65页canthelpbutdo=cantbutdo=havetodoIcanthelpbuttellhimthetruth.1.-Iusuallygotherebytrain.-Whynot_byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2.-Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_.A.turningitof
19、fB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffDC第24页/共65页1)can的主要用法是：A._：Thegirlcandanceverywell.B._：Canthenewsbetrue?C._:CanIsithere?can&could：表示能力表示推测可能性表请求或允许（多用于疑问否定句中）第25页/共65页2)could的主要用法是：A._:Weallknewthattheyoungmancouldntbeadoctor.我三岁就能看书了。FathersaidIcouldgooutwithmyfriends.could是can的过去式,表示过去
20、的能力,许可和推测B.could可代替can表示请求,语气委婉(主要用于疑问句）Couldyoulendmeyourbike?CouldIuseyourbike?-Yes，youcan.第26页/共65页3)Theycant/couldnthavegoneoutbecausethelightisstillon.cant/couldnt have done 过去否定猜测must do/be 现肯猜cant do/be 现否猜must have done 过肯猜第27页/共65页1)._Wemustalldie.人总要死的。2)._Youmustgetupearly.你必须早起来。must:表示必
21、然性。表示强制/义务。第28页/共65页Wemustntwasteourtime.-MayItakethismagazineout?-No,youmustnt.3).mustnot:“禁止”。4).must 用于一般疑问句的时候，肯定回答用yes,please或者Imafraidso,其否定回答用neednt或者donthaveto第29页/共65页5).表示推测，意为“一定是”,语气非常肯定，近乎确定的意味，一般用在肯定句。must+v对现在的推测Itmustbeelevenoclocknow.Hemustgocrazy.must+have+过去分词对过去的推测must+be+v-ing对将
22、来或现在进行时的推测6).表示“偏偏”，表达对某事的不满或责备等情绪。WhymustitrainonSunday?第30页/共65页may&might：may常用来表示：A._MayIcomein?Yes,please.B._表示请求、允许;-IbelievethemanisfromEngland.-ButImaybewrong.Theguestmayarrivethisafternoon表示猜测答语避免使用may，以免显得太严肃或太不客气第31页/共65页Theroadmaybeblocked.这条路可能不通了。Theroadcanbeblocked.这条路可能会是不通的。在疑问句中，表示可
23、能性用can。如：Wherecanhebe?他会在哪呢？可能性从大到小:must.can could may might第32页/共65页C._Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!表示祝愿;语气较正式:多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。也可以表示现在的可能性，但是比may表示的可能性更小，且might可以用于虚拟语气，may不可以。might的用法有:Shesaidthathemighttakeherbike.她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。Youmightgetsomehelpfromherifshewerehere.第33页/共65页1).Iwillte
24、llyousomethingimportant.我将要告诉你一些重要的事。will&would：Nancywillsticktoherwayoflife.Itoldhimnottodoit,buthewould.will是助动词或是情态动词用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表“意志/决心”是情态动词。would亦同理，只是表过去。第34页/共65页2)._Ifyouwanthelp,letmeknow,willyou?如果你需要帮助,让我知道,好吗?Wouldyoutypethis,please?请打印这个，好吗？Wontyousitdown?请坐下，好吗？疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求表委婉不是表
25、过去第35页/共65页This will be the book you want.He will have arrived by now.The guests would have arrived by that time.I thought you would have finished this by now.This will be the building you are looking for.3).用“will be”和“will(would)+have+过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。第36页/共6
26、5页4)._Wouldyouhelpus,please?请您帮助我们，好吗？Idgotherewithyou.我要和你一块到那儿去。Teacherwouldntallowit.老师不会允许这件事。（表请求）would比will客气委婉。（表意愿）（表许可）第37页/共65页1).PerhapsIshallpayavisittoEnglandthiswinter.可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。（构成一般将来时,助动词）shall&should：shall用于构成将来时是助动词。第38页/共65页（表“决心”，情态动词）Shallwegobytrain,Mom?妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？Shallhe
27、comein?要他进来吗？2).用于征求意见,是情态动词,一般用于第一一人称和第三人称第39页/共65页（表“决心”，情态动词）Dontworry,youshallgetthebook.Nothingshallstopus.Youshallgetwhatyoudeserve.Heshallbepunishedifhebreakstherule.Nooneshallsmokehere.3).用于表允诺，决心，警告，命令,或颁布法令规定等。用于二三人称。第40页/共65页4).Youshouldkeepyourpromise.你应该遵守诺言。Youshouldcallthepolice.*表示“按
28、理说”。Its8oclocknow,heshouldbehereatanymoment.*表埋怨，用于“Shouldnt?”Shouldntyoubedoingyourhomeworknow?should表示义务/建议/劝告，意为“应该”。第41页/共65页1.-_ I go out to play,mum?-No,you_.You should do your homework first.A.Might;wouldnt B.May;had better not C.Must;mustnt D.Need;mustntB第42页/共65页2.-Where is Emma?-I cant say
29、 for sure where she is,but she_ be out shopping.A.can B.should C.must D.mayD第43页/共65页3.The room is in a terrible mess;it _ cleaned.A.cant have been B.couldnt be C.may have been D.would beA第44页/共65页4.How_ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?
30、A.can B.must C.need D.mayA第45页/共65页5.What does the sign over there read?“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this areas.”A.Will B.may C.shall D.mustC第46页/共65页6.Has Mr.Tom White arrived?Yes,already _he wait outside or just come in?A.Shall B.May C.Could D.MustA第47页/共65页7.-J
31、ane has just come back from China and she looks happy.-She _ her trip very much.A.must enjoy B.must have enjoyedC.may enjoy D should have enjoyedB第48页/共65页8.The terrible accident is under investigation.Actually,quicker action _those workers trapped in the mine.A.might have saved B.must have saved C.
32、should have saved D.could have saved D第49页/共65页9.He chose to teach in a western province,though he _in the city for a better life.A.could stay B.would stayC.could have stayed D.had stayedC10.We _ here at lunch time;we were delayed at the airport,though.A.could be B.should be C.must have been D.would
33、 have beenD第50页/共65页11.How I wish I _ my mouth before I shouted at my um!A.shut B.have shut C.had shut D.would shut C12.We must apply what we have learnt to our daily work because in no case _ from practice.A.should theory separate B.should theory be separated C.theory should separateD.theory should
34、 be separatedB第51页/共65页13.Who has made a mess in my room?Who else _it but your naughty son?A.could do B.could have doneC.should do D.Should have doneB14.Its really a wonder that all the passengers on board _ while the plane itself sank into the freezing Hudson River in New York.A.must have been save
35、dB.should have been savedC.would be savedD.might be savedB第52页/共65页15.You _ late for yesterday class meeting,as it was so important.A.couldnt be B.shouldnt beC.mustnt have been D.oughtnt to have been16.But for your timely warning,we _into great trouble.You know were friends.A.would get B.must have g
36、otC.would have got D.cant have gotDC第53页/共65页1)insist2)order,command4)advise,suggest,propose,recommend4)demand,ask,require,request1.Heorderedthatwe(should)leaveatonce.2.Hisorderthatwe(should)leaveatoncewasright.延伸1：接虚拟语气的词第54页/共65页3.Heinsistedthathisbrother_there.A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo4.Heinsistedt
37、hathe_nothingwrongand_setfree.A.do;beB.haddone;wasC.haddone;beD.did;was5.Hisvoicesuggestedthathe_angry.A.isB.beC.wasD.were6.Hesuggestedthattheboy_senttohospitalatonce.A.wasB.beC.isD.wereACCB第55页/共65页口诀：口诀：一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求其宾语从句用其宾语从句用“should+should+动词原形动词原形”，shouldshould既可以省略，既可以省略，shou
38、ldshould也可以保留。也可以保留。一坚持，即一坚持，即insistinsist；二命令，即二命令，即order,commandorder,command；三建议，即三建议，即suggest,propose,advisesuggest,propose,advise；四要求，即四要求，即ask,demand,require,requestask,demand,require,request。第56页/共65页go,come,leave,start,return,arrive,stop,finish,borrow,lend,open,close,die,become,break,join,ki
39、ll,marry,graduate,buymarry-bemarriedseat-beseatedhide-behiddenengage-beengageddie-bedeadbegin-beonjoin-beinborrow-keepcome-be/stayleave-beawaybuy-have=havegot延伸2：瞬间非延续性动词第57页/共65页1.Hediedtenyearsago,thatstosay,hehas_fortenyears.A.beendiedB.beendeadC.diedD.beendying2.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMary_fora
40、lmostanhour.A.hadgoneB.hadsetoffC.hadleftD.hadbeenawayBD第58页/共65页HeisleavingforBeijingtomorrow.Theboyissosickthatheisdyingfast.Thebusiscoming.Thetrainisleaving.第59页/共65页intend,mean,hope,plan,expect,think,want,suppose,promiseIhadhopedtocomehere,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.延伸3：表计划未能实现的动词第60页/共65页表示人的内在
41、感受的动词encourage,excite,inspire,interest,amaze,satisfy,delight,please,move,frighten,surprise,astonish,shock,disappoint,discourage,puzzle,worry,tire,touch,relax延伸4：情感动词类第61页/共65页1.Thenewssounds_.(encourage)2.Theplaywasso_thatnearlyeverybodywas_totears.(move)3.Lookingatherpaper,shenoddedwitha_smileonher
42、face.(satisfy)4.Helookedatmewitha_look.(puzzle)encouragingmovingsatisfiedmovedpuzzled第62页/共65页believe,imagine,suppose,think,feel,guess1.Idontthinkhecanfinishthework,_?A.cantheB.canheC.doID.dontI2.Wedontbelievesheknowsit,_?A.doessheB.doesntsheC.doweD.dontwe3.Youdontthinkhecanfinishit,_?A.doyouB.dontyouC.canheD.canthe延伸5：否定前移类BAA第63页/共65页口诀：“否定转移”的5个常用词：我认为（think）猜想（suppose）与想象（imagine）都不可相信（believe），我期待（expect）等着你的回答。eg:I dont think hell come tomorrow.第64页/共65页感谢您的观看！第65页/共65页