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1、动词不定式：动词不定式：1、主语、主语2、表语、表语3、宾语、宾语4、宾语补足语、宾语补足语5、定语、定语6、状语、状语IsnecessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay AthisBthatCitDhe中考回顾中考回顾作主语作主语ToliveistostruggleIwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：ask,agree,afford,choose,decide,det
2、ermine,expect,decide,hope,like,learn,offer,pretend,prefer,plan,want,wish,refuse,manage,作宾语作宾语3)it作形式宾语作形式宾语,不定式作真正宾语不定式作真正宾语He found it very difficult to get to sleep.We made it a rule to listen to English every day.think/consider/find it+adj.to do Heagreedhere,butsofarhehasntturnedupyetAhavingmetBm
3、eetingCtomeetDtohavemet中考回顾中考回顾作宾语作宾语2）要注意）要注意canthelp,goon,try,remember，forget,mean,regret,stop等动等动词后接不定式与接词后接不定式与接v-ing的区别。的区别。1.I remember seeing you somewhere before.2.Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.3.I regret to say that we have no news for you.4.We regretted selling the f
4、arm.YouwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeetingWell,nowIregretthatAtodoBtobedoneCtohavedoneDhavingdone中考回顾中考回顾作宾语补足语作宾语补足语want,ask,tell,force,order,demand,require allow,permit,forbid,advise,persuade,encourage,等等+sbtodosthTheteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.2)用不带用不带to的
5、不定式作宾补的动词的不定式作宾补的动词sb.dosth.在在“一感觉一感觉”“二听二听”“三使役三使役”“四看四看”后跟不定式做宾补时，通常省略后跟不定式做宾补时，通常省略to。feel listento hear let make have see lookat watch notice observe2)用不带用不带to的不定式作宾补的动词的不定式作宾补的动词但但变为被动结构时，不定式符号变为被动结构时，不定式符号to要加上要加上。WesawhimplaychesswiththeworkersHewasseentoplaychesswiththeworkersThedirectorhadh
6、erassistant_somehotdogsforthemeeting.A.pickedupB.picksupC.pickupD.pickingup中考回顾中考回顾PauldoesnthavetobemadeHealwaysworkshardAlearnBtolearnClearnedDlearning中考回顾中考回顾作状语作状语1)表示目的表示目的1.theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.ACompletingBCompleteCCompleted1.DTocomplete2.2lateinthemorning,Bobturn
7、edoffthealarmATosleepBSleepingCSleepDHavingsleptTo master a foreign language,_.To master a foreign language,_.A.a lot of practice is needed A.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs a lot of practice B.it needs a lot of practice C.practice is in need of C.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of p
8、ractice D.one needs a lot of practice中考回顾中考回顾 (only to do sth.)表示一个相反或出乎意料的结果。表示一个相反或出乎意料的结果。Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.(06陕西陕西)作状语作状语2)表示结果表示结果 3)表示原因表示原因I am sorry to hear your mother is ill.作状语作状语作表语作表语1Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,itmo
9、redifficultAnomakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmakeOuraimistohelpthem.Whathedidwas_(wait)(to)wait作定语作定语1)Shewasthefirstpersontothinkofthisidea.2)Shewastheonlypersontosurvivethecrash.3)Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?4)Iwantamachinetoanswerthephone.1Aftersheconsideredtheproblem,shegotatallboxtostandAbyBonCupDwit
10、h2Thelastone_paysthemeal.Agreed!AarrivedBarrivesCtoarriveDarrivingVII.独立结构独立结构 tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruthTotellthetruth,Idontagreewithyou.PartTwo不定式的变化形式不定式的变化形式一一.结构结构:todo/nottodo二二.时态与语态时态与语态 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 一般式一般式 进行式进行式 完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式 不定式不定式 todo tobedone tobedoing tohavedone tohav
11、ebeendone tohavebeendoing-(一般式一般式表示将要发生的动作）表示将要发生的动作）（有时（有时)Imgladtomeetyou.Tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother.Inordertocatchthefirstbus,wegotupveryearly.1.todo(一般式一般式)2.tobedoing(进行式进行式)1)Listen!Theyseemtobequarrelling.2)Whenweweretalkingabouthim,hehappenedtobestandingnearby.表示在谓语的同时正在进行表示在谓语
12、的同时正在进行 Theboypretended_hishomeworkwhentheteachercamein.A.doB.todoC.tobedoingD.doing1.不定式的完成式，表示动作不定式的完成式，表示动作在谓语动作之前在谓语动作之前发生。如：发生。如：Iamsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble2.一些表示希望、愿望的词，如一些表示希望、愿望的词，如wouldlove,mean，hope，expect，plan，wish，want等等,常与常与不定式的完成式连用，表示过去曾希望过，但未曾不定式的完成式连用，表示过去曾希望过，但未曾实现，常可通过后面实现
13、，常可通过后面but连接的句子看出来。连接的句子看出来。3.tohavedone(完成式完成式)2)Dr.YamadawantedtohavecompletedherresearchbeforelastAugust.Howeverherfundsfortheprojectranout.1)Theenemyisreportedtohavesurrenderedtwodaysbefore.2.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.tohavegoneD.goi
14、ng 1.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyD.tohavebeenstudying 总结：不定式的时态总结：不定式的时态He is said to study abroad next year.He is said to be studying abroad now.He is said to have studied for three years/last year.不定式的被动语态不定式的被动语态句子主语是不定式动作的承受者句子主语是不定式动
15、作的承受者*Suchpeoplearetoberespected.*Imgladtobeinvited.Myplanissaidtobebeingdiscussedatthemeeting.Heseemstohavebeentoldeverything不定式主动形式表被动意义的情况：不定式主动形式表被动意义的情况：1).S+linkv+adj.+infinitiveYourhouseisdifficulttofind.Booksareheavytocarry.Thechairisverycomfortabletositon.Heispleasanttoworkwith.Englishiseas
16、ytolearn.IfindEnglisheasytolearn.2).当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语。当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语。不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词的宾语时不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词的宾语时Wehavealotofworktodo.Wehavealotofmeetingstoattend.Hehasalargefamilytosupport.Sheonlyhasasmallroomtolivein.Iknowwhattoexpect.Idontknowwhattodonext.3)with 结构中的不定式结构中的不定式Withtwoexamstoworryabout,Ih
17、avetoworkhardattheweekend.Withmanyproblemstosolve,thenewlyelectedpresidentwillhaveahardtime.4）betoblameWasthechildtoblame?Hefelthewastoblameforthecoldnessthathadgrownbetweenthem.不定式的省略不定式的省略Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet，buthismothertoldhim_AnottoBnottodoCnotdoitDdonotto中考回顾中考回顾如果句子前面已出现过同样
18、的动词，为避免重复，如果句子前面已出现过同样的动词，为避免重复，句子后面的不定式应省略动词原形及其后续部分，句子后面的不定式应省略动词原形及其后续部分，只保留不定式符号只保留不定式符号to。如：。如：Willyoujoinmeinawalk？Illbegladto（to后省略了后省略了.）Youdbettergiveaperformanceifthestudentsshouldaskyouto.（to后省去了后省去了.)如果不定式有如果不定式有be或或have时，时，be或或have常保留常保留:-Isthereashopnearby?-No,butthereusedtobe.-Hasnthe
19、finishedwritingthereport?-No,butheoughttohave.Willyoujoinmeinawalk？IllbegladtoYoudbettergiveaperformanceifthestudentsshouldaskyouto.-Is there a shop nearby?-No,but there used to be.-Hasnt he finished writing the report?-No,but he ought to have.不定式符号不定式符号to的省略的省略1.在同一结构中若有两个并列的不定式，一般可在同一结构中若有两个并列的不定式
20、，一般可省略省略后一个后一个不定式前的不定式前的to。如：。如：ShedidntknowwhethertolaughorcryIthasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.但也有时为了强调两者对比，后一个不定式就不但也有时为了强调两者对比，后一个不定式就不宜省去宜省去to。如：。如：Itsbettertolaughthantocry2.在在cannotbut,donothingbut/except,cannotchoosebut结构之后结构之后.Hehasnothingtodobutwait.总结：不定式的省略总结：不定式的省略 如果句子前面已出现过同样的动词，为如果句子前面已出现过同样的动词，为避免重复，只保留不定式符号避免重复，只保留不定式符号 to。如果不定式有如果不定式有be或或have时，时，be或或have常保留常保留.