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1、7Not all sounds made by animals serve as language,ntlsandzmedbanmlzsvzlw,动物发出的声音不都是用作语言交际。动物发出的声音不都是用作语言交际。and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.ndwihvnlitutntutkstrdnridskvrivek-lkennbtstu
2、sikesnwvsplezstrktlijutlternrl.我们只要看一看蝙蝠回声定位这一极不寻常的发现，就可以探究一下声音在什么情况下有绝对的实用价值。我们只要看一看蝙蝠回声定位这一极不寻常的发现，就可以探究一下声音在什么情况下有绝对的实用价值。To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions.tuetflprienvwtsminzwimsttnfsttusmrisnthjumnnvennz.要透彻理解这句话的意义，我们应先回顾一下人类最近的几项发
3、明。要透彻理解这句话的意义，我们应先回顾一下人类最近的几项发明。Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back.evrwnnztfhiatsnvsntivwlrmantnsad,nekwlkmbk.大家都知道，在墙壁或山腰附近发出的喊声，就会听到回声。大家都知道，在墙壁或山腰附近发出的喊声，就会听到回声。The further off this solid obstruction, the longer time will elapse fo
4、r the return of the echo.frfssldbstrkn,ltamwllpsfrtnviek.固体障碍物越远。回声返回所用时间就越长。固体障碍物越远。回声返回所用时间就越长。A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom,sandmedbatpnhlvpwlbirflektdfrmsibtm,通过敲击空船发出的声音将会从海底反射回来。通过敲击空船发出的声音将会从海底反射回来。and by measuring the time interval betwee
5、n the taps and the receipt of the echoes, the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated.ndbamertamntvlbtwintpsndrsitviekz,depvsittpntknbiklkjletd.测出回声间隔的时间，便可算出该处海洋的深度。测出回声间隔的时间，便可算出该处海洋的深度。So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, now in general use in ships.swzbniek-sandprets,nanenrljusnps.这
6、样就产生了目前各种船舶上普遍应用的回声探测仪。这样就产生了目前各种船舶上普遍应用的回声探测仪。Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object.evrisldbktwlrflektsand,verikdtusazndnervibkt.任何固体者反射声音，反射的声音因物体的大小和性质的不同而不同。任何固体者反射声音，反射的声音因物体的大小和性质的不同而不同。A shoal of fish will do this.lvfwldus.鱼群也反射声音。鱼群也反
7、射声音。So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish.stzkmprtvlismplstepfrmlketsibtmtulketlvf.从测定海深到测定鱼群，这一进展比较容易。从测定海深到测定鱼群，这一进展比较容易。With experience, and with improved apparatus,wksprns,ndwmpruvdprets,根据经验和改进了的仪器，根据经验和改进了的仪器，it is now possible not only t
8、o locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.tznapsblntnlitulketlbttutelftzher,kd,rwel-nnf,baptnvtsek.不仅能够确定鱼群的位置，而且可以根据鱼群回声的特点分辨出是鲱鱼、鳕鱼，这是人们所熟悉的其他鱼。不仅能够确定鱼群的位置，而且可以根据鱼群回声的特点分辨出是鲱鱼、鳕鱼，这是人们所熟悉的其他鱼。It has been found that certain bats emit squ
9、eaks and by receiving the echoes,thzbinfandtstnbtsmtskwiksndbarsiviekz,人们发现，某些蝙蝠能发出尖叫声，并能通过回声人们发现，某些蝙蝠能发出尖叫声，并能通过回声they can locate and steer clear of obstacles-or locate flying insects on which they feed.eknlketndstklrvbstklz-lketflansektsnwefid.来确定并躲开障碍物，或找到它们赖以为生的昆虫。来确定并躲开障碍物，或找到它们赖以为生的昆虫。This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.sek-lkennbtszfnkmpedwred,prnsplvwzsml.蝙蝠这种回声定位常常可与雷达相比较，其原理是相似的。蝙蝠这种回声定位常常可与雷达相比较，其原理是相似的。学科网（北京）股份有限公司