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1、45In mans early days, competition with other creatures must have been critical.nmnzlidez,kmptnwkrizmsthvbinkrtkl.在人类早期，人类与其他生物的竞争一定是必不可少的。在人类早期，人类与其他生物的竞争一定是必不可少的。But this phase of our development is now finished.btsfezvadvelpmntznafnt.但这个发展阶段已经结束。但这个发展阶段已经结束。Indeed, we lack practice and experience
2、nowadays in dealing with primitive conditions.ndid,wilkprktsndksprnsnadezndilwprmtvkndnz.确实，我们今天缺乏对付原始环境的实践和经验。确实，我们今天缺乏对付原始环境的实践和经验。I am sure that, without modern weapons, I would make a very poor show of disputing the ownership of a cave with a bear,amt,watmdnwepnz,awdmekveripvdspjutinpvkevwbe,我断定
3、，如果没有现代化的武器，要我和一只熊去争洞穴，我会出洋相的；我断定，如果没有现代化的武器，要我和一只熊去争洞穴，我会出洋相的；and in this I do not think that I stand alone.ndnsaduntktastndln.我也相信，出洋相者并非我一人。我也相信，出洋相者并非我一人。The last creature to compete with man was the mosquito.lstkritukmpitwmnwzmskit.能与竞争的生物最后只有蚊子，能与竞争的生物最后只有蚊子，But even the mosquito has been subd
4、ued by attention to drainage and by chemical sprays.btivnmskithzbinsbdjudbatenntudrenndbakemklsprez.然而即使蚊子，也由于我们注意清理污水和喷洒化学药品就被制服了。然而即使蚊子，也由于我们注意清理污水和喷洒化学药品就被制服了。Competition between ourselves, person against person, community against community, still persists, however; and it is as fierce as it ever
5、 was.kmptnbtwinaselvz,psnenstpsn,kmjuntienstkmjunti,stlpssts,haev;ndtzzfsztevwz.然而人类之间的战争，人与人，团体与团体，依然在进行着，而且和以前一样激烈。然而人类之间的战争，人与人，团体与团体，依然在进行着，而且和以前一样激烈。But the competition of man against man is not the simple process envisioned in biology.btkmptnvmnenstmnzntsmplprsesnvndnbali.但是，人与人的竞争并不像生物生物学中想像的
6、那样是一个简单过程。但是，人与人的竞争并不像生物生物学中想像的那样是一个简单过程。It is not a simple competition for a fixed amount of food determined by the physical environment, because the environment that determines our evolution is no longer essentially physical.tzntsmplkmptnfrfkstmantvfuddtmndbafzklnvarnmnt,bkzinvarnmnttdtmnzarivlunz
7、nlrsenlifzkl.它已不是为争得物质环境所决定的东西所决定。它已不是为争得物质环境所决定的东西所决定。Our environment is chiefly conditioned by the things we believe.arnvarnmntziflikndndbazwibliv.我们的环境主要是由我们所相信的东西所决定。我们的环境主要是由我们所相信的东西所决定。Morocco and California are bits of the Earth in very similar latitudes,mrkndklfnibtsvinverismllttjudz,摩洛哥和加利福
8、尼亚是地球上纬度极其相似的两个地方，摩洛哥和加利福尼亚是地球上纬度极其相似的两个地方，both on the west coasts of continents with similar climates, and probably with rather similar natural resources.bnwestkstsvkntnntswsmlklamts,ndprbbliwrsmlnrlrssz.都在各自大陆的西海岸，气候相似，自然资源也可能相似。都在各自大陆的西海岸，气候相似，自然资源也可能相似。Yet their present development is wholly dif
9、ferent,jeteprezntdvelpmntzhlidfrnt,但是，这两个地方目前的发展程度完全不一样。但是，这两个地方目前的发展程度完全不一样。not so much because of different people even, but because of the different thoughts that exist in the minds of their inhabitants. This is the point I wish to emphasize.ntsmbkzvdfrntpiplivn,btbkzvdfrnttstzstnmandzvernhbtnts.
10、szpntawtuemfsaz.这倒不是因为人民不同，而是由于居民头脑中的思想不同。这就是我要强调的论点。这倒不是因为人民不同，而是由于居民头脑中的思想不同。这就是我要强调的论点。The most important factor in our environment is the state of our own minds.mstmptntfktrnarnvarnmntzstetvarnmandz.我们环境中最重要的因素就是我们的思想状况。我们环境中最重要的因素就是我们的思想状况。It is well known that where the white man has invaded a
11、 primitive culture, the most destructive effects have come not from physical weapons but from ideas.tzwelnntwewatmnhznveddprmtvkl,mstdstrktvfektshvkmntfrmfzklwepnzbtfrmadz.众所周知，凡是白人侵入原始文化的地方，破坏作用最大的不是杀人的武器，而是思想。众所周知，凡是白人侵入原始文化的地方，破坏作用最大的不是杀人的武器，而是思想。Ideas are dangerous.adzdenrs.思想是危险的。思想是危险的。The Hol
12、y Office knew this full well when it caused heretics to be burned in days gone by.hlifsnjusflwelwentkzdhertkstubibndndeznba.宗教法庭对此是非常清楚的，因此从前它总是把异教徒烧死。宗教法庭对此是非常清楚的，因此从前它总是把异教徒烧死。Indeed, the concept of free speech only exists in our modern societyndid,knseptvfrispinlizstsnamdnssati的确，言论自由的概念只存在于我们现代社
13、会中，的确，言论自由的概念只存在于我们现代社会中，because when you are inside a community, you are conditioned by the conventions of the community to such a degree that it is very difficult to conceive of anything really destructive.bkzwenjurnsadkmjunti,jukndndbaknvennzvkmjuntitusdrittzveridfklttuknsivvenrlidstrktv.因为当你生活在一
14、个社团中时，社团的风俗习惯会严格地制约你，使你很难有破坏性的想法。因为当你生活在一个社团中时，社团的风俗习惯会严格地制约你，使你很难有破坏性的想法。It is only someone looking on from outside that can inject the dangerous thoughts.tznlismwnlknfrmatsadtknnektdenrsts.只有外部的旁观者才能灌输危险的思想。只有外部的旁观者才能灌输危险的思想。I do not doubt that it would be possible to inject ideas into the modern
15、world that would utterly destroy us.aduntdatttwdbipsbltunektadzntumdnwldtwdtlidstrs.向现代世界灌输一种思想以便摧毁我们人类是可能的事，对此我并不怀疑。向现代世界灌输一种思想以便摧毁我们人类是可能的事，对此我并不怀疑。I would like to give you an example, but fortunately I cannot do so.awdlaktuvjunzmpl,btfntliakntdus.我愿为你举个例子，但幸亏我举不出。我愿为你举个例子，但幸亏我举不出。Perhaps it will
16、suffice to mention the nuclear bomb.phpstwlsfastumennnjuklbm.也许提一下核弹就足以证明了。也许提一下核弹就足以证明了。Imagine the effect on a reasonably advanced technological society, one that still does not possess the bomb,mnifektnriznblidvnstteknlklssati,wntstldzntpzesbm,对一个沿未拥有核弹、但科技相当发达的社会，对一个沿未拥有核弹、但科技相当发达的社会，of making i
17、t aware of the possibility, of supplying sufficient details to enable the thing to be constructed.vmektwervpsblti,vsplasfntditelztunebltubiknstrktd.如果告诉它制造核弹的可能性，而且向它提供制造核弹的细节，那么可以设想，这将对这个社会产生何等的影响。如果告诉它制造核弹的可能性，而且向它提供制造核弹的细节，那么可以设想，这将对这个社会产生何等的影响。Twenty or thirty pages of information handed to any
18、of the major world powers around the year 1925 would have been sufficient to change the course of world history.twentitipezvnfmenhnddtuenivmewldpazrandj1925wdhvbinsfnttuenksvwldhstri.如果把二三十页的情报交给1952年前后的任何一个世界强国，就足以改变世界历史的进程。二三十页材料中的思想和情报会便当今的世界翻天覆地，甚至毁灭这个世界。如果把二三十页的情报交给1952年前后的任何一个世界强国，就足以改变世界历史的进程
19、。二三十页材料中的思想和情报会便当今的世界翻天覆地，甚至毁灭这个世界。It is a strange thought, but I believe a correct one, that twenty or thirty pages of ideas and information would be capable of turning the present-day world upside down, or even destroying it.tzstrent,btablivkrektwn,ttwentitipezvadzndnfmenwdbikepblvtnprezntdewldpsa
20、ddan,rivndstrt.这是个离奇的想法。不过我认为这个想法是正确的。这是个离奇的想法。不过我认为这个想法是正确的。I have often tried to conceive of what those pages might contain,ahvfntradtuknsivvwtzpezmatknten,我常常试图想像这些纸上所写的东西，我常常试图想像这些纸上所写的东西，but of course I cannot do so because I am a prisoner of the present-day world, just as all of you are. We ca
21、nnot think outside the particular patterns that our brains are conditioned to, or, to be more accurate,btvksakntdusbkzamprznrvprezntdewld,stzlvju.wikntkatsadptkjlptnztabrenzkndndtu,tubimrkjrt,不过我是做不到的，因为我和你们大家一样，是当今世界上的凡人。我们不能脱离我们大脑所限定的模式去思考问题，不过我是做不到的，因为我和你们大家一样，是当今世界上的凡人。我们不能脱离我们大脑所限定的模式去思考问题，we can think only a very little way outside, and then only if we are very original.wiknknliveriltlweatsad,ndennlifwiverirnl.我们只能稍微离开一点儿，就这也需要我们独创的思想。我们只能稍微离开一点儿，就这也需要我们独创的思想。学科网（北京）股份有限公司