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1、专 题 05新高考1卷 ABCD篇+七五词汇精讲+长难句分析+全篇译文第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共 15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37 5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGrading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below 60,E.Essays（60%）Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade f
2、or this course:Essay 1 =10%;Essay2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%.Group Assignments（30%）Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作业）during the course.All the assignments willbe submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard,our online learning and course management system.Daily Work
3、/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings ortests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class lecture/discussion,so it is importantto take careful notes dur
4、ing class.Additionally,from time to time I will assign group work to be completed inclass or short assignments to be completed at home,both of which will be graded.Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade fbr each class period it is late.If it isnot turned in
5、 by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.Daily assignments not completed during classwill get a zero.Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.21.Where is this text probably taken from?A.A textbook.B.An exam paper.C.A course plan.D.An academic article.22.
6、How many parts is a studenfs final grade made up of?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.23.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A.You will receive a zero.B.Ybu will lose a letter grade.C.You will be given a test.D.You will have to rewrite it.体裁：应用文 主题：人与自我一学习（学校生活）【语篇导读】本文是一篇说
7、明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分方针。长 度 231词【段意梳理】第一段：五种评分表：A,B.C,D,E。第二段：作文的占比。第三段：小组作业（30%）的占比。第四段：日常工作/课堂写作和测试/小组工作/家庭作业。第五段：逾期作业的处理办法。21.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature（文学概论课程评分办法）”和 Essays（60%）部分“Your four major essays will combine to fbnn the main part of the grade of for
8、this course（你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分y可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选c 项。22.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据黑体小标题Essays（60%）“、Group Assignments（30%）“和Daily Work/In-ClassWritings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework（10%）”可知，学生的最终成绩由3 部分组成。故选B 项。23.【答案】A 解析推理判断题。根据Late Work”部分If it is not turned in by the 4th day after t
9、he due date,it will earn azero.（如果没有在截止日期后的第4 天上交，将会得到零分）”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A 项。【词汇精讲】1.熟词生义scale熟义：n.规模，范围，程 度pl.秤；磅秤；天平生义：n.等级；级别原文：Grading Scale译文：评分表（等级）。分析：在本句中意为a range of levels or numbers used for measuring sth（等级;级别）2.draw熟义：“（用铅笔、钢笔或粉笔）画，描绘，描画生义：V.抽取原文：Class activities will vary f
10、rom day to day,but students must be ready to complete shortin-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class*lecture/discussion,so it is important to take careful notes during class.译文：课堂活动每天都不同，但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试，这些测试直接抽取自指定的阅读材料或上一堂课的讲座/讨论的笔记，因此在课堂
11、上认真做笔记很重要。分析：在本句中意为to decide sth by picking cards,tickets or numbers by chance（抽取）“03.高频核心词汇1 .policy/pD hsi/.政策；方针2.course/ko:s/n.课程，讲座3.1iterature/li trotf o(r)/n.文学；文献；4.note/nsu t/n.笔记；记录5.essay/esei/.论文；短评；散文；试图vt.尝试bine/kam bai n/u 联合；使结合；结合九集团；联合收割机；联合企业7.online/,D n lai n/a d j.在线的；联网的；联机的8.
12、submit/sob mi t/M 使服从；使屈服；提交；递交；认 为 vi.屈从9.vary/v e o ri/已改变；变化；使多样化10.grade/grei d/v t.给.评分，给.分数l l.excuse/i k skju：s/%原谅；辩 解 n.理由;辩解;借口12.absence/aebsons/九缺席；缺乏3.课标派生词management/maen dsmont/n.经营；管理*manage v.完 成（困难的事）；勉力完成directly/da rektli/adv.直接地；径直地；坦率地*direct a d j.直接的；亲自的；亲身的introduction/,I nt
13、ra dA kJ n/.介绍；引进；序言；导论introduce/,I ntrs dju:s/u把介 绍（给）；引见；（自我）介绍additionally IS di f onsli/adv.另 夕 卜，此 夕 卜*addition/o d l j n/九增加物，新增人员；增加；加法4.课标外词汇assignment/osanm ont/九分配；任务；功课；委派；被指定的（课外）作业;（分派的）任务assign/s sal n/v.分 配（某物）；分派，布 置（工作、任务等）5.核心词块1.from time to time 不时地；偶尔2.on the due date 在到期日3.turn
14、 in 上交4.as a result of（作）为的结果5.i n groups以小组为单位6.in-class writings/tests 课堂写作/测验7.take notes 记笔记8.from time to time 不时地，有时9.due date应交日期10.letter grade 字母等级11.turn in 上交12.excused absence因故缺席，请假【长难句分析】原句：Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete short in-class
15、 writings ortests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class lecture/discussion,so it is importantto take careful notes during class.分析：这是一个并列句,but前面是一个简单句Class activities will vary from day to day”,b u t后面是一个复合句，其中由s。引导的结果状语从句。句意为：课堂活动每天都不同，但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试，这些测试直接抽取自
16、指定的阅读材料或上一堂课的讲座/讨论的笔记，因此在课堂上认真做笔记很重要。原句：Additionally,from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to becompleted at home,both of which will be graded.分析：本句为主从复合句。主句部分主语是I,谓语是will assign,宾语是group w o rk,并列的动词不定式短语 to be completed in class or short assignmen
17、ts to be completed at home 作后置定语修饰 group work。其后紧跟一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。both of which指代group w ork和 shortassignments o译文：此外，我还会不时地布置在课堂上完成的小组作业或在家里完成的简短作业，这些作、也都会被评分。【全篇译文】文学概论课程的评分方针评分表90-100,A；80-89,B；70-79,C；60-69,D；60 以下，E。课程作业（60%）。你的四篇主要作文将共同构成本课程成绩的主要部分。作 文 1 =10%；作文2=15%；作文3=15%；作文4=20
18、%。小组 作 业（30%）.学生将在课程中以小组形式完成四项作业。所有的作业将在指定日期前通过Blackboard（我们的在线学习和课程管理系统）提交。日常工作/课堂写作和测试/小组工作/家庭作业（10%）课堂活动每天都不同，但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试，这些内容直接抽取自指定的阅读材料或上一堂课的讲座/讨论的笔记，因此在课堂上认真做笔记很重要。此外，我还会不时地布置在课堂上完成的小组作业或在家里完成的简短作业，这些作业都会被评分。逾期作业没有在规定日期内提交的论文，每延迟一节课就会失去一个字母等级。如果在到期日后的第四天还没有上交，将获得零分。在课堂上没有完成的日常作业将得到一个
19、零分。因请假而错过的短文将被接受。21.这篇课文大概来自哪里？A.一本教科书。B.一份试卷。C.一个课程计划。D.一篇学术文章。22.一个学生的期末成绩是由几部分组成的？A.两个。B.三个。C.四个。D.五。23.如果你在到期日一周后才提交论文，会发生什么？A.你将得到一个零分。B.你将失去一个字母等级。C.你将会得到一次考试。D.你将不得不重写。BLike most of us,I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.The arugula（芝麻菜）was to make a nicegreen salad,rounding out a
20、roast chicken dinner.But I ended up working late.Then friends called with a dinnerinvitation.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed,the arugula went bad.Even worse,1 hadunthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 mill
21、ion people a year go hungry,food waste goes against the moral grain/asElizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story.Its jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrownaway from“ugly”(but quite eatable)vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes throwninto restaurant gar
22、bage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.That makes foodwaste an environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,uif food waste were a country,it would be the third largestproducer of greenhouse gases in the world.If thats hard to understand,lefs
23、 keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator.Mike Curtinsees my arugula story all the time-but for him,its more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their lastdays.Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington,D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthymeals.L
24、ast year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的)produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries?Volunteers will wash,cut,andfreeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious,yet so often we jus
25、t dont think.Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to notinclude the side dish you wont eat,“Curtin says.24.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A.We pay little attentio
26、n to food waste.B.We waste food unintentionally at times.C We waste more vegetables than meat.D.We have good reasons for wasting food.25.What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?A.Moral decline.C.Energy shortage.26.What does Curtins company do?A.It produces kitchen equipment.C.It he
27、lps local farmers grow fruits.27.What does Curtin suggest people do?B.Environmental harm.D.Worldwide starvation.B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.A.Buy only what is needed.C.Go shopping once a week.B.Reduce food consumption.D.Eat in restaurants less ofte
28、n.体裁：夹叙夹议文 主题语境人与自我-生活与学习（健康的生活方式）【语篇导读】作者通过自己无意间浪费芝麻菜的经历就“食物浪费”展开的议论。长 度334词【段意梳理】第一段：作者通过自身事例说明食物浪费的原因。第二段：浪费食物的严重性。第三段：食物浪费造成的其它资源浪费。第四、五段：华盛顿D C中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。24.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us,1 try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.（像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物）及But as days
29、 passed,the arugula went bad.Even worse,I hadunthinkingly bought way too much;could have made six salads with what I threw out.（但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉）可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选Bo25.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and othe
30、r,resourcesused to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem.In tact,Royte writes,*lif food waste were acountry,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”（生产没人吃的食物会浪费用 T-种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”户可知，根据文中的说法，浪费
31、食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。26.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington.D.C.,whichrecovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by takingdonations and collecting blemished（有瑕疵的）produce,that otherwise would have rotted i
32、n fields.And thestrawberries?Volunteers will wash,cut,and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.（木 斗 廷 是 4笔 盛 中 页 DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用）“可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D。27.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的
33、“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by notpurchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dishyou won,t eat,“Curtin says.（“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，科廷说）“可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。【词汇精讲】4.熟 词 生
34、 1.stick义 熟义：n.棍子V.将刺 入（或插入）；刺；戳；插入生义：（尤指迅速或随手）放置原文：I stuck the chicken in the freezer.译文：我把鸡肉塞进r 冰柜。分析：在本句中意为“to put sth in a place,especially quickly or carelessly（尤指迅速或随手）放置)”。2.way adv.太熟义：n.方法；手段；途径；方式生义：很远；大量原文：Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with
35、 whatI threw out.译文：更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多；我可以用扔掉的东西做六个沙拉。分析：在本句中意为very为;by a large amount(很远；大量)3.can熟义：modal verb.(表示有能力做或能够发生)能，会生义：n.金属容器，塑料容器原文：It jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away-from ugly”(but quiteeatable)vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thr
36、own into restaurantgarbage cans.译文：。分析：在本句中意为“a metal or plastic container(金属容器，塑料容器)5.高频核1.invitation/inviteifi/n.邀请心词汇2.grain/grel n/n.谷物；谷粒3.roast/raost/adj,烤的；焙的4.moral-mn*”/4的.道德的；精神上的n.寓意；道德；品行；伦理5.ugly/Agli/adj.丑陋的；难看的6.reject/ridgekt/拒 绝；排斥；驳回；丢弃n.不合格产品；被拒之人7.grocer/braosa（r）/.食品杂货商；杂货店8.res
37、ource/risos/.资源;机敏；才略；寄托；消遣9.donate/dounet/艮 捐 献（器官）,捐赠，赠给，送，赠送10.recover/n*kAV0（r）/y.恢复;复原；重获l l.rot/mt/几腐烂；腐蚀；败坏；胡话”腐烂；使 枯朽；消瘦12.obvious/bbvies/M.明显的；显然的13.otherwise/A dawai z/adv.否则；不然14.decline/diklan/乂下降;减 少;变弱;拒绝；倾斜n.衰微；跌落;晚年15.shortage ZJ）X d.不足；缺少，短缺16.purchase/sls/v.购买；采购17.equipment/ik w p
38、 m o n t/设备；装备；器材18.consumption/kon sAmpJi/n,消 费；消耗19.refrigerator3.课标派freezer(BrE also deep freeze)(US also Deepfreeze1,H deep*freezerM )/fri:zo(r)/儿冰生词箱；冷冻室*freeze/fri：z/v.（使）冻结,结冰unthinkinglyAn 1 0 r）k oli/adv.轻率地*think/0 ok/v.想；思考；思索；思想jaw-dropping adj.使人卜分惊奇的；惊人的unintentionally/即 n tenjonoli/ad
39、认非故意地，.无意地*intention/n*tenla）n/机打算；计划；意图;目的starvation/sta:ve ifo）n/几饿死；饥饿*starve/sta:v/M（使）挨饿，饿死producer/pro!dju：s0（r）/n.生产商；制造商；产地*produce/prodju/u 生产；制造donation/dau nei J（o）n/几捐赠物；捐赠；赠送*donate/dou he t/v.（尤指向慈善机构）捐赠,赠送eatable/i:tobl/ad j.可食用的*eat/i：t/v.吃uneaten/A n i：tn/adj.未吃的*eat/i:t/v.吃n.4.课标外词
40、汇arugula/s ru：gju b/n.芝麻菜blemished/blemi f t/a d j.有瑕疵的5.核心词块1.be mindful o f 注意，留心，不忘却2.round out 围绕.3.end up doing最终成为；做完某事;结束；4.as days passed 日 子一天天过去5.go b a d 变坏；变酸；腐败6.even worse跟糟糕的是7.threw out 扔掉8.take donations 接受捐赠9.side dish 配菜10.cover story 封面故事11.large amounts of 大量，许多12.along/down the
41、 road:at some time in the future 今后；在将来There are certain to be more job losses further down the road.往后肯定会有更多人失业。13.play a part i n 对.起作用;参与14.go against the moral grain:to be or do sth different from what is normal or natural 违反常壬电；不正常；不合常情；与格格不入15.at times.偶尔，有时【长难句分析】1.原句：Its jaw-dropping how muc
42、h perfectly good food is thrown away from ugly(but quite eatable)vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.分析：本句为主从复合句。It作形式主语，how much引导主语从句。其后跟了介词固定结构from.to.作定语修饰food。译文：令人吃惊的是，有多少完美的食物被扔掉了-从被杂货店拒绝的“丑陋(但完全是可吃的)的蔬菜到被扔进餐厅垃圾桶的大量未吃的菜肴。2.原句：P
43、roducing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.分析：木句是主从复合句，主 句 Producing food wastes the water,fuel,and other resources”为Ji谓宾结构，“that no one eats”是定语从句，修饰前面的名词fbod；used to grow it”过去分词做后置定语，修饰otherresources。译文：生产无人食用的食物会浪费水、燃料和其他用于种植的资源。3.原句：Everyone can pla
44、y a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in yourweekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat.分析：此句为简单句，其 中 whether by doing or by doing属于whether力口介词短语的结构，表示一种选择。译文：每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是通过在每周购物时不要购买超过必须的食物，还是通过要求餐厅不要提供你不会吃的配菜。
45、【全篇译文】像我们大多数人一样，我试着注意那些被浪费的食物。芝麻菜本来是要做一个漂亮的绿色沙拉，为烤鸡晚餐锦上添花 但我最后工作到很晚。然后朋友们打电话邀请我去吃饭。我把鸡肉塞进了冰箱里。但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多：我可以用扔掉的东西做六个沙拉。在一个每年有近8 亿人挨饿的世界里，”食物浪费违背J道德准则，正如伊丽莎白-罗伊特在本月的封面故事中写道。令人瞠目结舌的是，有多少完美的食物被扔掉了-从被杂货店拒绝的“丑陋(但相当可吃)的蔬菜到被扔进餐厅垃圾桶的大量未吃的菜肴。生产没有人吃的食物，浪费了用于种植的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。
46、事实上，罗伊特写道：如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体生产国。“如果这很难理解，让我们把它简单化，就像我冰箱后面的芝麻菜一样。迈克-科廷一直理解我的芝麻菜的故事-但对他来说，这更像12盒捐赠的接近最后食用期限的草莓。科廷是华盛顿特区D C中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司回收食物并将其转化为健康餐。去年，该公司通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807,50()磅的食物，否则这些食物会在田地里腐烂。草薄呢？志愿者们将对它们进行清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥，以便在将来中使用。这样的方法似乎是显而易见的，然而，我们往往只是没有想到。科廷说：”每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在
47、你每周的购物中不购买超过必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不上你不吃的配菜。24.作者通过讲述芝麻菜的故事想说明什么？A.我们很少注意到食物浪费问题。B.我们有时会无意地浪费食物。C 我们浪费的蔬菜比肉类多。D.我们有浪费食物的充分理由。25.根据测试，食物浪费的后果是什么？A.道德水平下降。B.环境损害。C.能源短缺。D.世界范围内的饥荒。26.Curtin的公司是做什么的？A.它生产厨房设备。B.它把腐烂的芝麻菜变成清洁燃料。C.它帮助当地农民种植水果。D.它用不需要的食物做饭。27.科廷建议人们做什么？A.只买需要的东西。B,减少食物消耗。C.每周去购物一次。D.少在餐馆吃饭。CThe elder
48、ly residents（居民）in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feelinglonely.The project was dreamed up by a local charity（慈善组织）to reduce loneliness and improve elderly peopleswellbeing.It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia,a serious illness of the mind.S
49、taff in carehomes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth X avier.She said:I used to keep hens when I wasyounger and had to prepare their breakfast each moming before I went to school.”“I like the project a lot
50、.I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down thereagain at night to see theyve gone to bed.“Its good to have a different focus.People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residentscome and sit outside to watch them.Tm enjoying the creative activi