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1、2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一真题一、Section I Use of English1.Directions：Translate the following text into C hinese.Write your translation onthe AN SWER SHEET.The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first tookroot in the early 2000s；the term“plant neurobiology”wasAl around the notion that some a
2、spects of plant behaviorcould be A2 _ to intelligence in animals.A3plants lack brains,the firing of electrical signals in their stemsand leaves nonetheless triggered responses that _ A4consciousness,researchers previously reported.B ut such an idea is untrue,according to a new opinion article.Plantb
3、iology is complex and fascinating,but it A5 _ so greatlyfrom that of animals that so-called _ A6 _ of plantsintelligence is inconclusive,the authors wrote.B eginning in 2006,some scientists have _ A7 _ that plantspossess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones andneurotransmitters,_ A8 _ a pla
4、nt nervous system,A9 _ to that in animals,“said lead study author Lincoln Taiz,“They _ A10 _ claimed that plants have brain-like commandcenters at their root tips.”This _ A12 _ makes sense if you simplify the workings of acomplex brain,LA12 _ it to an array of electrical pulses；cells in plants also
5、communicate through electrical signals.A131 _,the signaling in a plant is only A14 _ similarto the firing in a complex animal brain,which is more than“a massof cells that communicate by electricity,Taiz said.“For consciousness to evolve,a brain with a threshold A15of complexity and capacity is requi
6、red,he A16.”Since plants don,t have nervous systems,the A17 thatthey have consciousness are effectively zero.”And what s so great about consciousness,anyway?Plants can,t runaway from _ A18 _,so investing energy in a body system which1A19 _ a threat and can feel pain would be a very _A20 _ evolutiona
7、ry strategy,according to the article.（1）.AlA.coined JB.discoveredC.collectedD.issued逻辑关系题。分号提示分号前后语义一致。根据分号前的first（首次）和took root（生根）可知，plants have some degree of consciousness（植物有某种程度的意识）在当时是种新思想。据此推断，the term plantneurobiology是个新概念。A 项 coined表 示 创 造（新词语）”，代入后符合原文语义。所以，本题答案为A 项。（2）.A2A.attributedB.d
8、irectedC.compared JD.confined固定搭配题。分号提示分号前后语义一致。根据分号前plants have somedegree of consciousness（植物有某种程度的意识）可知：植物有意识。这种意识与空白处后的intelligence in animals（动物的智力）二者存在相似性。C项 compared与to构成固定搭配，表示”表明.与.相似；将.比作“，代入后符合原文语义。所以，本题答案为C项。（3）.A3A.UnlessB.WhenC.OnceD.T ho ugh J逻辑关系题。本题考查句内逻辑关系，比较本句前后两个半句语义，即p l a n tsl
9、 a ck bra in s（植物缺乏大脑）和 the firin g o f el ectrica l sign a l s intheir stem s a n d l ea ves n o n ethel ess triggered resp o n ses（然而，茎和叶发射的电信号触发了反应），可知二者存在语义相反。D项T ho ugh（虽然，尽管）提示让步关系，属于语义相反，符合原文逻辑关系。所以，本题答案为D项。干扰项：A项U n l ess（除非），B项W hen （当.时），C项O n ce（一旦），均不符合原文语义和逻辑关系。（4）.A 4 A.co p ed withB.c
10、o n sisted o fC.hin ted a t VD.exten ded to固定搭配题。根据空白处前后的resp o n ses（反应）和co n scio usn ess（感觉;意识）语义可知，前者是后者的一种信号。C项hin ted a t为固定搭配，表示“暗示，透露”，代入后符合原文语义。所以，本题答案为C项。干扰项：A项co p ed with（处理，对付），B项co n sisted o f（由.构成），D项 exten ded to （将范围扩大至.）均不符合原文语义。（5）.A 5 A.suffersB.ben efitsC.devel o p sD.differs J
11、语境题。根据本段段首such a n idea is un true对上段观点（植物意识和动物智力存在相似性）的否定可知：植物意识和动物智力并不相似。所以，本题所考查的 it（指代 P l a n t bio l o gy）和 tha t o f a n im a l s（tha t 指代 bio l o gy）之间的语义关系为二者相异。D项 differs（相异，不同于）代入后符合原文语义和逻辑关系。所以，本题答案为D项。干扰项：A项 suffers（受苦，受难），B项ben efits（得益于），C项devel o p s（发展，变化）均不符合原文语义和逻辑关系。（6）.A 6A.a cc
12、ep ta n ceB.eviden ce VC.cul tiva tio nD.crea tio n语境题。上句such a n idea is un true是对上段末句（植物的反应体现其意识）的否定，也就是说，本段主要观点为：植物没有意识（智力）。本句so-ca l l ed 6 o f p l a n ts,in tel l igen ce is in co n cl usive（所谓的“植物智力”的 6 是没有说服力的）也需与本段主要观点保持一致。B项eviden ce（证据）代入后符合原文语义。所以，本题答案为B项。干扰项：A项a ccep ta n ce（同意，认可），C项cul
13、 tiva tio n （种植，栽培），D 项 crea tio n （创造）均不符合原文语义。（7）.A 7 A.do ubtedB.den iedC.a rgued VD.req uested语境题。比较本句 scien tists ha ve 7 tha t p l a n ts p o ssess n euro n-l ik ecel l s tha t-（科学家们一直7植物具有神经元样细胞）和下句T hey 1 0cl a im ed tha t p l a n ts ha ve bra in-l ik e co m m a n d cen ters.（他们 1 0声称植物有“大脑般
14、的指挥中心”）,可知，二者结构相似：s c ient is t s和 T hey,后者指代前者，二者同义；p l a nt s 原词复现；p o s s es s （拥有）与ha v e二者同义。所以，空白处语义与下句对应位置的c l a imed（声称）语义相近。C项 a r gu ed（主张，提出理由说明）符合原文语义。所以，本题答案为C 项。干扰项：A项do u b t ed（怀疑），B 项denied（否认），D 项r eq u es t ed（要求），均不符合原文语义。（8）.A 8 A.a da p t ingB.fo r ming VC.r ep a ir ingD.t es t
15、 ing语境题。比较空白处前neu r o nT ik e c el l s t ha t （.神经元样细胞）和空白处后a p l a nt ner v o u s s y s t em（植物神经系统），可知，前者是后者的构成要素。B 项 fo r ming（使形成）代入后符合原文语义。所以，本题答案为B 项。干扰项：A项a da p t ing（使适应），C 项r ep a ir ing（补救，纠正）和D 项t es t ing（测验，考查）均不符合原文语义。（9）.A 9 A.a na l o go u s VB.es s ent ia lC.s u it a b l eD.s ens i
16、t iv e语境题。比较空白处前a p l a nt ner v o u s s y s t em（植物神经系统）和空白处后t ha t in a nima l s （动物的神经系统，其中，t ha t 指代a ner v o u s s y s t em）可知，二者同为神经系统。A项a na l o go u s 表示“相似的，类似的“，代入后符合原文语义。所以，本题答案为A项。干扰项：B 项 es s ent ia l （必不可少的），C 项 s u it a b l e（适用的）和 D 项s ens it iv e（敏感的）均不符合原文语义。（1 0）.A 1 0 A.j u s tB.
17、ev erC.s t il lD.ev en V逻辑关系题。本题考查句间逻辑关系，比较本句c l a imed t ha t p l a nt s ha v e b r a in-l ik e c o mma nd c ent er s（声称植物拥有“大脑般的指挥中心”）和上句 s o me s c ient is t s ha v e 7 t ha t p l a nt s p o s s es s neu r o n-l ik e c el l s （一些科学家一直7植物拥有神经元样细胞）语义可知，从 对 植物有意识的论证力度上来说，“大脑般的指挥中心”比“神经元样细胞”更进一层。D 项e
18、v en（甚至）提示递进关系，符合原文逻辑关系。所以，本题答案为D 项。干扰项：A项 j u s t （仅仅），B 项 ev er （从来，在任何时候），C 项 s t il l（还，还是），均不符合原文语义和逻辑关系。（1 1）.A l l A.r es t r ic t io nB.experimentC.perspective JD.demand逻辑关系题。This+空白处指代上段提到的信息；上段主要提出了 Taiz的观点、论点，因此空白处语义表示观点、论点。C项perspective（观点）是对该句的概括，代入后符合原文语义。所以，本题答案为C项。干扰项：A 项 restriction
19、（限制），B 项 experiment（实验），D 项 demand（要求），均不符合原文语义和逻辑关系。（12）.A12A.attachingB.reducing VC.returningD.exposing固定搭配题。空白处所在的状语结构，是对主句谓语simplify（使简化）的一种伴随状态，所以，空白处语义与simplify（使简化）语义相近。B 项reducing与介词to搭配，表示“将概括为（或简化为）”，代入后符合原文语义。所以，本题答案为B项。干扰项：其余各项均可与介词to构成不同搭配，A 项attachingto（把.固定在.上），C项returningto（把.带回.，把.送
20、回.）,D 项 exposingto（向.显露.）,均不符合原文语义。（13）.A13A.However JB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise逻辑关系题。本题考查句间逻辑关系，比较空白处前cells in plants alsocommunicate through electrical signals（植物中的细胞也通过电信号沟通）和空白处后 the signaling in a plant is only 14 similar to thefiring in a complex animal brain,which is more than“a mass of
21、cells that communicate by electricity（植物中的信号传导只是1 4 类似于复杂动物大脑中的放电，而动物大脑不只是“通过电进行交流的大量细胞”）语义，可知，空白处前后存在语义相反：前者的also（也）强调植物和动物（在信号沟通方式上）的相似之处，后者的onlysimilar（仅仅.相似的）弱化了该相似。A项However（然而）体现转折，属于语义相反，符合原文逻辑关系。所以，本题答案为A项。干扰项：B 项 Moreover（而且），C 项 Therefore（因此），D 项 Otherwise（否则），均不符合原文逻辑关系。（14）.A14A.temporar
22、ilyB.literallyC.superficially VD.imaginarily语境题。根据后半句which is more than“a mass of cells thatcommunicate by electricity（动物大脑不只是“通过电进行交流的大量细胞“）可知，动物大脑更复杂，动物大脑和植物智力间更多的是相异，所以，前半句的相似（similar）是并不充分的。C项superficially（表面上地）代入后符合原文语义。所以，本题答案为C项。干扰项：A项temporarily（临时地），B项literally（真正地，确实地），D项imaginarily（虚构地），均
23、不符合原文语义。（15）.A15A.listB.level JC.labelD.load语境题。根据本句 For consciousness to evolve,a brain with athreshold 15 of complexity and capacity is required（意识想要进化，需要一个具有起始1 5的复杂性和容量的大脑）并结合threshold（起始的）语义可知，本句对complexity and capacity（复杂性和容量）的要求（required）是一种程度上的要求。B项level（水平）代入后符合原文语义。所以，本题答案为B项。干扰项：A项list（清单
24、），C项label（标签），D项load（负荷），均不符合原文语义。（16）.A16A.recalledB.agreedC.questionedD.added J语境题。本句是引语，出自he,he指代上段末句Taiz,观察发现：上段末句也是出自Taiz的引语。比较上段末句a complex animal brain,which ismore than“a mass of cells that communicate by electricity（动物大脑不只是“通过电进行交流的大量细胞”）和本句For consciousness toevolve,a brain with a threshol
25、d 15 of complexity and capacity isrequired（为了使意识进化，需要一个具有起始1 5 的复杂性和容量的大脑）语义，可知，后者在对前者作进一步阐述。D 项added（补充说，继续说）代入后最符合原文语义。所以，本题答案为D 项。干扰项：A 项recalled（记起，回忆起），B项agreed（表示“同意，赞同“，用于与别人观点相同时），C项questioned（怀疑），均不符合原文语义。（17）.A17A.chances VB.risksC.excusesD.assumptions逻辑关系题。Since（由于）提示因果关系：plants don t hav
26、e nervoussystems（植物没有神经系统）为因，the 17 that they have consciousnessare effectively zero（它们所拥有意识的1 7 实际上为零）为果。由因推果可知，缺乏神经系统，意识也不会存在。A 项chances（机会，可能性）代入后符合原文语义和逻辑关系。所以，本题答案为A 项。干扰项：B 项 risks（风险），C 项 excuses（借 口），D 项 assumptions（假定，假设）均不符合原文语义和逻辑关系。（18）.A18A.danger VB.failureC.warningD.control逻辑关系题。s o （
27、所以）提示句内因果关系：s o前为因，s o后为果。根 据r u na w a y f r o m （回避）可知，空白处语义为负面倾向。借助果，即s o后 的t h r e a t（威胁）可知，空白处语义与“威胁”语义相近。A项d a n g e r （危险）代入后符合原文语义和逻辑关系。所以，本题答案为A项。干扰项：B项f a i l u r e （失败），C项w a r n i n g （警告），D项c o n t r o l （控制）均不符合原文语义和逻辑关系。（19）.A 19 A.r e p r e s e n t sB.i n c l u d e sC.r e v e a l s
28、VD.r e c o g n i z e s逻辑关系题。a n d提示顺承关系，属于语义一致：19 a t h r e a t （19 一种威胁）与c a n f e e l p a i n （可感知疼痛）二者结构相似，语义相近。D项r e c o g n i z e s （识别）代入后符合原文语义和逻辑关系。所以，本题答案为D项。干扰项：A项r e p r e s e n t s （代表，意味着），B项i n c l u d e s （包括），C项r e v e a l s （揭示，显示），均不符合原文语义和逻辑关系。（2 0）.A2 0A.h u m b l eB.p o o r VC.p
29、 r a c t i c a lD.e a s y逻辑关系题。s o提示因果关系：P l a n t s c a n t r u n a w a y-（植物不能逃离.）为因，i n v e s t i n g e n e r g y i n a b o d y s y s t e m w h i c h 1 9 a t h r e a t a n dc a n f e e l p a i n w o u l d b e a v e r y 2 0 e v o l u t i o n a r y s t r a t e g y （把能量投入到一 个1 9威胁并能感知疼痛的身体系统将是一种非常20
30、的进化策略）为果。由此推知，因 为（即使植物能感知到疼痛也）不能逃掉，所以把能量投入到一个能威胁和感知疼痛的身体系统上，是一种非常20的进化策略，即本句意在指出：既然不能跑，那么就无须进化到可以感受疼痛。所以，空白处的语义应为负面的，能体现出进化到能威胁和感知疼痛是种不够好的策略。B项p o o r （不好的，次的，差的）代入后符合原文语义。所以，本题答案为B项。干扰项：A项humble（不大的，没有特别之处的），C项practical（有用的,适用的）和D项easy（容易的，轻易的）均不符合原文语义。二、Section II Reading C omprehension2.P a r t A
31、Di r e c t i o n s：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each textby choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the AN SWER SHEET.T e x t 1People often complain that plastics are too durable.Water bottles,shopping bags,and other trash litter the planet,from Mount Everestto the Maria
32、na Trench,because plastics are everywhere and don tbreak down easily.B ut some plastic materials change over time.Theycrack and frizzle.They“weep out additives.They melt intosludge.All of which creates huge headaches for institutions,such asmuseums,trying to preserve culturally important objects.The
33、 varietyof plastic objects at risk is dizzying：early radios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloid animation stills from Disney films,the firstartificial heart.C ertain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers inplastic art didn t always know how to mix ingredients properly,saysThea van Oo
34、sten,a polymer chemist who,until retiring a few yearsago,worked for decades at the C ultural Heritage Agency of theN etherlands.It s like baking a cake：If you don t have exactamounts,it goes wrong,“she says.The object you make is alreadya time bomb.”And sometimes,it s not the artist?s fault.In the 1
35、960s,theItalian artist Piero Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright,colorful foam pieces.Those pieces included small beds of roses andother items as well as a few dozen nature carpets“一largerectangles decorated with foam pumpkins,cabbages,and watermelons.He wanted viewers to walk around on the c
36、arpets一which meant they hadto be durable.Unfortunately,the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable.It s especially vulnerable to light damage,and by the mid-1990s,Gilardi s pumpkins,roses,and other figures were splitting andcrumbling.Museums locked some of them away in the dark.So van Ooste
37、n and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardi?ssculptures.They infused some with stabilizing and consolidatingchemicals.Van Oosten calls those chemicals“sunscreens“becausetheir goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild wornpolymer fibers.She is proud that several sculptures have even go
38、neon display again,albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oosten s,preservation of plasticswill likely get harder.Old objects continue to deteriorate.Worse,biodegradable plastics,designed to disintegrate,are increasinglycommon.And more is at stake here than indivi
39、dual objects.Joana LiaFerreira,an assistant professor of conservation and restoration atthe N OVA School of Science and Technology,notes that archaeologistsfirst defined the great material ages of human history-Stone Age,Iron Age,and so on-after examining artifacts in museums.We nowlive in an age of
40、 plastic,she says,“and what we decide to collecttoday,what we decide to preserve will have a strong impact on howin the future we 11 be seen.”(1).According to Paragraph 1,museums are faced with difficultiesinA.maintaining their plastic items JB.obtaining durable plastic artifactsC.handling outdated
41、plastic exhibitsD.classifying their plastic collections解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Paragraph 1和museums are facedwith difficulties in 定位到第一段句：All of which creates hugeheadaches for institutions,such as museums,trying to preserveculturally important objects.（所有这些给一些机构带来了巨大的麻烦，比如试图保护具有重要文化意义的物品的博物馆）。其 中all of whi
42、ch指代上文至句所提到的塑料材料的种种问题：B ut some plastic materials changeover time melt into sludge.（一些塑料材料随着时间的推移而改变.融化成污泥），可见，博物馆在维护其塑料藏品方面有困难。A项maintainingtheir plastic items（维护他们的塑料藏品）是对至句的概括总结，maintain对应preserve。所以本题选A。（2）.Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are.A.immune to decayB.improperly shaped
43、C.inherently flawed JD.complex in structure解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Van Oosten believes that certainplastic objects are 定位到第二段句（其中 certain plastic objects 对应 C ertain artifacts）：C ertain artifacts are especially vulnerablebecause some pioneers in plastic art didn t always know how to mixingredients properly
44、,says Thea van Oosten（Thea van Oosten 说，某些手工艺品特别脆弱，因为一些塑料艺术的先驱并不总是知道如何正确地混合原料）。可见，某些塑料艺术品在制作过程中就存在原料未能正确混合的问题，导致塑料艺术品本身就存在缺陷。C项inherently flawed（本身存在缺陷）是对句的概括总结。所以本题选C。（3）.Museums stopped exhibiting some of GilardiJ s artworks toA.keep them from hurting visitorsB.duplicate them for future displayC.h
45、ave their ingredients analyzedD.prevent them from further damage J解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Museums stopped exhibiting some ofGilardi s artworks to定位到第四段句。句指出It s especiallyvulnerable to light damage,and by the mid-1990s,Gilardi spumpkins,roses,and other figures were splitting and crumbling（它极易受到光的损害，到了 20世纪
46、90年代中期，Gilardi的南瓜、玫瑰和其他图形都在分裂和破碎），句继而指出Museums locked some of them away inthe dark（博物馆把其中一些锁在黑暗中）。可见，博物馆将之封存在黑暗中是为了避免其遭受更多的光损害。D 项prevent them from further damage（避免它们受到进一步的损害）是对句的合理推断。所以本题选D。（4）.The author thinks that preservation of plastics is _.A.costlyB.unworthyC.unpopularD.challenging V解析：本题为细
47、节题。根据题干关键词preservation of plastics定位到第六段句：Despite success stories like van Oosten,s,preservation ofplastics will likely get harder（尽管有 van Oosten 这样的成功案例，但塑料的保存可能会变得更加困难）。D 项challenging（挑战性的）是对getharder的同义替换。所以本题选D。（5）In Ferreira s opinion,preservation of plastic artifactsA.will inspire future scien
48、tific researchB.has profound historical significance VC.will help us separate the material agesD.has an impact on today s cultural life解析：本题为细节题。根据题干关键词Ferreira和 preservation of plasticartifacts定位到第七段句。句指出archaeologists first definedthe great material ages of human history一Stone Age,Iron Age,and soo
49、n一after examining artifacts in museums（考古学家在检查了博物馆中的文物后，首先确定了人类历史上伟大的物质时代一一石器时代、铁器时代等等），句承接句指出 We now live in an age of plastic and whatwe decide to collect today,what we decide to preserve will have astrong impact on how in the future we 11 be seen.（我们现在生活在塑料时代“我们决定收集什么，我们决定保存什么将对我们未来的形象产生重大影响。”）O
50、可见，我们对塑料工艺品的保存对于未来定义我们的时代意义重大。B项has profound historical significance（具有深远的历史意义）是对句的概括总结。所以本题选B。3.Part ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each textby choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the AN SWER SHEET.Text 2As the latest crop of students pen their undergradua