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1、句子成分分析句子成分分析Sentence constituentsDo you know what is sentence constituent？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分又分主要成分和次要成分。What are the sentence constituents？主主主主语语语语谓语谓语谓语谓语定定定定语语语语表表表表语语语语状状状状语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语宾语宾语宾语宾语同位同位同位同位语语语语主语主语 subjectsubject（S S）是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，说明动是句
2、子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，说明动作是作是“谁，什么谁，什么”发出的。一般由名词、代词、数发出的。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。词、不定式或动名词等充当。PracticePracticeThe girl can sing many English songs.(名词)We are students./This is my pen./Yours is on the desk.(代词)One of my classmates is from Shanghai./Two and three is five.(数词)The old need more help.(名词化的形容词)
3、It is easy to learn English.(不定式)Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)谓语谓语 verbverb（V V）说说明明主主语语的的动动作作或或状状态态，也也是是句句子子的的主主体部分，一般由动词充当。体部分，一般由动词充当。动动词词分分为为实实义义动动词词、连连系系动动词词、情情态态动动词和助动词。词和助动词。1)由单一动词作谓语 2)情态动词加主要动词 3)助动词加主要动词构成谓语PracticePracticeWe study English.He has an English-Chinese dictiona
4、ry.We can play the piano.You must see the doctor.Sheistalkingwithhersister.Ihaveseenthismanbefore.宾语宾语 objectobject（O O）是是及及物物动动词词所所涉涉及及的的对对象象，是是动动作作的的对对象象或或承承受者。一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。受者。一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。PracticePracticeI like China.(名词)Everybody likes her.(代词)I want three.（数词）Please pass me the fi
5、rst.(数词)She wants to go home.(不定式)We like playing football.(动名词)宾语宾语 objectobject（O O）直接宾语与间接宾语。直接宾语与间接宾语。有有些些及及物物动动词词可可带带有有两两个个宾宾语语，其其中中一一个个指指物物（直直接接宾宾语语），另另一一个个指指人人（间间接接宾宾语语）。我我们们称称为为双双宾语。宾语。PracticePractice1)动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）Mr.Wang teaches us English.My mother gives me ten yuan.2)动词+直接宾语（物）+（to
6、,for）+间接宾语（人）My mother gives me ten yuan.=My mother gives ten yuan to me.。表语表语 predicativepredicative（PP）用用于于说说明明主主语语的的身身份份、特特征征或或感感受受，一一般般由由名名词词、数数词词、形形容容词词、分分词词等等充充当当。常常用用的的连连系系动动词词有有：be，look，get，sound(听听起起来来)，feel，become，smell，turn，taste(尝起来尝起来)等。等。PracticePracticeThey are workers.（名词）Two and thr
7、ee is five.（数词）The story is very interesting.（形容词）My job is teaching English.（动名词）She is at home.（介词短语）He is here.（副词）定语定语attributiveattributive（attribattrib）用用于于修修饰饰名名词词或或代代词词，一一般般由由形形容容词词、名名词词、数数词词、不定式等充当。不定式等充当。【注注意意】定定语语一一般般位位于于被被修修饰饰词词之之前前，但但若若修修饰饰不不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。Pract
8、icePracticeShe is a beautiful girl.(形容词)She is an English teacher.(名词)There are two students in the classroom.(数词)This song is better than that one.(代词)Do you know the young man over there?(副词)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)状语状语adverbialadverbial用用于于修修饰饰动动词
9、词、形形容容词词、副副词词或或全全句句，一一般般由由副副词词、介介词词短短语语、不不定定式式短短语语或或从从句句充充当当。单单个个副副词词作作状状语语一一般般放放在在被被修修饰饰词词之之前前，短短语语或或从从句句放放在在句句首首或或句句末末。分分为为地地点点，时时间间，原原因因，目目的的，结结果果，让让步步，条件，程度，方式和伴随状语。条件，程度，方式和伴随状语。PracticePracticeThank you very much.(副词表示程度)The old man is walking slowly.(副词表示方式)He usually gets up at six.(副词表示时间)W
10、e all work here.(副词表示地点)I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语表示时间)补足语补足语complement(C)complement(C)用用于于补补充充说说明明宾宾语语的的动动作作，一一般般位位于于宾宾语语之之后后，宾宾语语与与宾宾语语补补足足语语一一起起构构成成复复合合宾宾语语。需需接接复复合合宾宾语语的的动动词词有有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等等。“宾宾补补”一一般般由由不不定定式式短短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。PracticePrac
11、ticeWe elected him monitor.(名词)I found it difficult to learn English well.(副词)We find the story very interesting.(形容词)I found her in the room.(介词)同位语同位语appositiveappositive对名词或代词进行补充说明或进一步的解释说明。对名词或代词进行补充说明或进一步的解释说明。PracticePracticeWe young people should respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He told me the news that our team won the game.Thank You