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1、2017年考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on theANSWER SHEET.(1()points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different,with academics,writers,and activists once aga
2、in 1 that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the comingwork-free world will be defined by 2.：A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle inan impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive_3_holds that the future will be a wasteland
3、of a different sort,one 4 bypuiposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5,people will simply become lazy and depressed.6_,todaysunemployed dont seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have beenunemployed for at least a year report having depression,
4、double the rate for 7_Americans.Also,some researchsuggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addicting 9 poorly-educated,middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a joblessfuture.But it doesnt 11 follow
5、from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Suchvisions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the 13 of work,a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future o
6、f labor andleisure.Today,the_ 1 _ 5 of work may be a bit overblown.Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a wasteof human potential,“says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days,because leisure time is relatively_16 for most workers,people use their f
7、ree time to counterbalancethe intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs.44When I come home from a hard days work,I often feel 18,“Danaher says,adding,“In a world in which I dont have to work,I might feel rather different”-perhaps differentenough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project wit
8、h the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.A boastingB denyingCJ warningDJ ensuring2.A inequalityB instabilityC unreliabilityDI uncertainty3.AJ policyBJguidelineC resolutionDJ prediction4.A characterizedBdividedC balancedD measured5.A wisdomB meaningC gloryD freedom6.A InsteadB IndeedC ThusD
9、Nevertheless7.A richB urbanCJworkingDJ educated8.A explanationB requirementC compensationD substitute9.AJ underB beyond(CJ alongsideD among10.fA leave behindB make upC worry aboutD set aside11.A statisticallyBJ occasionallyIC necessarilyD economically12.A chancesB downsidesC benefitsD principles13.A
10、 absenceB heightC faceD course14.A disturbB restoreC excludeD yield15.AJ modelB practiceC virtueDJ hardship16.A trickyB lengthyC mysteriousD scarce17.AJ demandsB standardsCJ qualitiesDJ threats18.A ignoredB tiredC confusedD starved19.A offB againstIC behindD into20.A technologicalB professionalC edu
11、cationalD interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning,at 9 a.m.,more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around
12、their local park.TheParkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad.Events arefree,staffed by thousands of volunteers.Runners range from four years old to grandparents;their times range fromAndrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to
13、an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London*s Olympic tiegacy,is failing.Ten years ago on Monday,it was announcedthat the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of theGames would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The p
14、opulation would be fitter,healthier andproduce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise,by nearly 2 million inthe runup to 2012but the general population was growing faster.Worse,the numbers are now falling at anaccelerating rate.The opposition claims primary
15、 school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearlyhalved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed toinspire a generation.,The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial:Your only competitor
16、 is the clock.The ethos welcomes anybody.There is asmuch joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympicbidders,by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.The dual aim wasmixed up:The stress on
17、success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally“grassroots，concept as community sports associations.If there is a role for government,it should really be gettinginvolved in providi
18、ng common goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis andnetball courts,and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.But successive governments havepresided over selling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attentio
19、n on sport ineducation.Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sportto thrive.Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph 1,Parkrun has.A.gained great popularity B.created many jobsC.strengthened community ties D.become an off
20、icial festival22.The author believes that Londons Olympic legacy has failed to.A.boost population growth B.promote sport participationC.improve the city*s image D.increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it.A.aims at discovering talents B.focuses on mass comp
21、etitionC.does not emphasize elitism D.does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport,the author holds that governments s h o u l d.A.organize grassroots sports events B.supervise local sports associationsC.increase funds for sports clubs D.invest in public sports facilities25.The authors
22、attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is.A.Tolerant B.Critical C.Uncertain D.sympatheticText 2With so much focus on childrens use of screens,it*s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.Tech isdesigned to really suck on you in,“says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital
23、play,and digital products are there topromote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testingexercise.She found that mothers who
24、 sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percentfewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source oftension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excit
25、ed bids fortheir attention.Infants are wired to look at parents9 faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank andunresponsiveas they often are when absorbed in a device-it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the“still face experiment“devised by develo
26、pmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.In it,amother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them anyvisual social feedback;The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention.“Parents dont have
27、 to be exquisitely parents at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to beresponsive and sensitive to a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids*use of screens are born out
28、of anoppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting with their children:Its based on asomewhat fantasized,very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if youre failing to expose your child to30,000 words you are neglecting them.Tronick believes that just because
29、a child isn9t learning from the screen doesntmean theres no value to it-particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a breakfrom their child.Parents,he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out ofthe way.This can mak
30、e them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky,digital products are designed to.A.simplify routine matters B.absorb user attentionC.better interpersonal relations D.increase work efficiency27.Radesky food-testing exercise shows
31、 that mothers use of d e v i c e s.A.takes away babies9 appetite B.distracts childrens attentionC.slows down babies verbal development D.reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky5s cites the“still face experiment“to show t hat.A.it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB verbal exp
32、ressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC.children are insensitive to changes in their parents5 moodD.parents need to respond to childrens emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to.A.protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies B.teach their kids at le
33、ast 30,000 words a yearC.ensure constant interaction with their children D.remain concerned about kids use of screens30.According to Tronick,kids use of screens may.A.give their parents some free time B.make their parents more creativeC.help them with their homework D.help them become more attentive
34、Text 3Today,widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectationsin a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.After all,ifeveryone you know is going to college in the fall,it seems silly
35、to stay back a year,doesnt it?And after going to schoolfor 12 years,it doesnt feel natural to spend a year doing something that isnt academic.But while this may be true,its not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.Theres always a constant fear offalling behind everyone else on the socially perp
36、etuated race to the finish line,whether that be toward graduateschool,medical school or lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the successof academic pursuits-in fact,it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who ta
37、ke a gap year are generally better preparedfor and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back,a gap year pushes themahead by preparing them for independence,new responsibilities and environmental changes-all things that first-yearstudents often struggle with th
38、e most.Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to collegeand being thrown into a brand new environment,making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather thanacclimation blunders.If youre not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore intere
39、sts,then consider its financialimpact on future academic choices.According to the National Center for Education Statistics,nearly 80 percent ofcollege students end up changing their majors at least once.This isnt surprising,considering the basic mandatory highschool curriculum leaves students with a
40、 poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their collegeapplications,but switching to another after taking college classes.Ifs not necessarily a bad thing,but depending on theschool,it can be costly to make up credits after switching loo late in the game.At Boston College,for example,you
41、would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.Taking a gapyear to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is t hat.A.they think it academi
42、cally misleading B.they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC.it feels strange to do differently from others D.it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year h e l p s.A.keep students from being unrealistic B.lower risks in choosing c
43、areersC.ease freshmens financial burdens D.relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word“acclimation”(Line 8,Para.3)is closest in meaning to.A.Adaptation B.applicationC.Motivation D.competition34.A gap year may save money for students by helping t h e m.A.avoid academic failures B.establish long-term goa
44、lsC.switch to another college D.decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would be.A.In Favor of the G叩 Year B.The ABCs of the Gap YearC.The Gap Year Comes Back D.The Gap Year:A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfire
45、s is a national concernbecause of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget fightingfires-nearly double the percentage it spent on such
46、 efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are goingtowards the agencys other worksuch as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,andinfrastructure upkeep-that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agenc
47、ies are going into construction in fire-pronedistricts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“Its already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,he says.We need totake a magnifying glass to that.Lik
48、e,“Wait a minute,is this OK?,HtDo we want instead to redirect those funds toconcentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive
49、.Over the past decade,the focus has beenon climate change-how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn,t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we liv
50、e on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,he says.Failingto recognize that,he notes,leads to an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of theproblem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that