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1、2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题Section Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and
2、activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 : A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the futu
3、re will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least
4、a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction 9 poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of
5、a jobless future.But it doesnt 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind cou
6、ld 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because
7、leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard days work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I dont have to work, I might feel ra
8、ther different”perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.A boasting B denying C warning D ensuring2.A ine
9、quality B instability C unreliability D uncertainty3.A policy Bguideline C resolution
10、 D prediction4.A characterized Bdivided C balanced Dmeasured5.A wisdom B meaning
11、0; C glory D freedom6.A Instead B Indeed C Thus
12、;D Nevertheless7.A rich B urban Cworking D educated8.A explanation &#
13、160; B requirement C compensation D substitute9.A under B beyondC alongside D among10.A
14、 leave behind B make up C worry about D set aside11.A statistically B occasionallyC necessarily D economically12.A chances
15、; B downsidesC benefits D principles13.A absence B height C face D co
16、urse14.A disturb B restore C exclude D yield15.A model &#
17、160; B practice C virtue D hardship16.A tricky B lengthy C mysterious &#
18、160; D scarce17.A demands B standards C qualities D threats18.A ignored B tired C confused
19、0; D starved19.A off B against C behind D into20.A technological B professionalC educational
20、D interpersonalSection Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around the
21、ir local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds u
22、p to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where Londons Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their cou
23、ches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opp
24、osition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkrun is not a race but a ti
25、me trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sport and to produce more elite athletes. Th
26、e dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it
27、 should really be getting involved in providing common goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing m
28、oney from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_.A created many jobs B gained gre
29、at popularity C become an official festival D strengthened community ties 22. The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_.A boost population growthB improve the city's image C increase sport hours in schools D promote sport participation23. Parkrun is differen
30、t from Olympic games in that it_.A aims at discovering talentsB focuses on mass competitionC does not emphasize elitismD does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should_.A increase funds for sports clubsB invest in public sports facilitiesC organ
31、ize "grassroots" sports eventsD supervise local sports associations25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_.A criticalB tolerantC uncertainD sympatheticText 2 With so much focus on childrens use of screens, its easy for parents to forget about thei
32、r own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.” Radesk
33、y has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving motherchild pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separ
34、ate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention. Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to understand their world, and if those
35、 faces are blank and unresponsiveas they often are when absorbed in a deviceit can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child
36、in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention. “Parents dont have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and
37、parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be in
38、teracting” with their children: “Its based on a somewhat fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if youre failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isnt learning from the screen doesnt m
39、ean theres no value to itparticularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which let
40、s them be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to_.A absorb user attentionB increase work efficiencyC simplify routine mattersD better interpersonal relations27. Radeskys food-testing exercise shows that mothe
41、rs use of devices_.A takes away babies appetiteB distracts childrens attentionC slows down babies verbal developmentD reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” to show that_.A it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB verbal expressions are unnec
42、essary for emotional exchangeC parents need to respond to childrens emotional needsD children are insensitive to changes in their parents mood 29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_.A protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB teach their kids at least 30,000 w
43、ords a yearC remain concerned about kids use of screens D ensure constant interaction with their children30. According to Tronick, kids use of screens may_.A make their parents more creativeB give their parents some free timeC help them with their homeworkD help them become more att
44、entiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it
45、seems silly to stay back a year, doesnt it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesnt feel natural to spend a year doing something that isnt academic.But while this may be true, its not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. Theres always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else o
46、n the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or a lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuitsin fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Austra
47、lia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changesall things that first-ye
48、ar students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If youre not convinced of the inherent value
49、in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isnt surprising, considering the basic mandatory
50、 high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. Its not necessarily a bad thing, but
51、depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prev
52、ent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_.A they think it academically misleadingB they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC it feels strange to do differently from othersD it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32. St
53、udies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_.A relieve freshmen of pressuresB lower risks in choosing careersC ease freshmen's financial burdensD keep students from being unrealistic33. The word “acclimation” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to _.A motivationB applicationC
54、competitionD adaptation34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them_.A switch to another collegeB decide on the right majorC avoid academic failuresD establish long-term goals35. The most suitable title for this text would be_.A In Favor of the Gap YearB The ABCs of the Gap YearC The Gap Year Comes BackD The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national co