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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！12017 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is n
2、o different,with academics,writers,and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 :A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutu
3、ally exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort,one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ,people will simply become lazy and depressed.6 ,today s unemployed dont seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who ha
4、ve been unemployed for at least a year report having depression,double the rate for 7 Americans.Also,some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addiction 9 poorly-educated,middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many 10 t
5、he agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the 13 of work,a society designed with other ends i
6、n mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.Today,the 15 of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,”says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days,because
7、 leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers,people use their 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！23Text 1Every Saturday morning,at 9 am,more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in
8、the UK and more abroad.Events are free,staffed by thousands of volunteers.Runners range from four years old to grandparents;their times range from Andrew Baddeley s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London s Olympic“legacy”is failing.Ten years ago on Monday
9、,it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number o
10、f adults doing weekly sport did rise,by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012 but the general population was growing faster.Worse,the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has r
11、isen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to“inspire a generation.”The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkrun is not a race but a time trial:Your only competitor is the clock.The ethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first
12、-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders,by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sport and to produce more elite athletes.The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed,there is something a
13、 little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally“grassroots”concept as community sports associations.If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave
14、 tennis and netball courts,and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future governments ne
15、ed to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.Or at least not make them worse.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！45it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving
16、motherchild pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents w
17、ould be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive as they often are when absorbed in a device it can be extremely disconcerting
18、for the children.Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback:The child becomes increasingly
19、 distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention.“Parents dont have to be exquisitely present at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,”says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick
20、 himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of screens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children:“Its based on a somewhat fantasised,very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you re failing to expose you
21、r child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn t learning from the screen doesnt mean theres no value to it particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents,he says,can get a lot out o
22、f using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky,digital products are designed to_.A absorb user attentionB increase work efficiencyC simplify
23、 routine mattersD better interpersonal relations欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！67 But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuitsin fact,it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a ga
24、p year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back,a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence,new responsibilities and environmental changes all things that first-year students often struggle with the mo
25、st.Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment,making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If youre not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interest
26、s,then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.According to the National Center for Education Statistics,nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once.This isnt surprising,considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with
27、a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college.Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications,but switching to another after taking college classes.Its not necessarily a bad thing,but depending on the school,it can be costly to make
28、up credits after switching too late in the game.At Boston College,for example,you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reaso
29、ns for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_.A they think it academically misleadingB they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC it feels strange to do differently from othersD it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap
30、year helps_.A relieve freshmen of pressuresB lower risks in choosing careersC ease freshmens financial burdensD keep students from being unrealistic欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！89this OK?Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscap
31、e?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to c
32、onditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,”he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to“an overly simplified
33、view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But
34、 acknowledging fires inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“Weve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the
35、 human connection with fire today.”36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they_.A consumed a record-high percentage of budgetB severely damaged the ecology of western statesC caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditureD exhausted unprecedented management effor
36、ts37.Moritz calls for the use of“a magnifying glass”to_.A avoid the redirection of federal moneyB find wildfire-free parts of the landscapeC raise more funds for fire-prone areasD guarantee safer spending of public funds38.While admitting that climate is a key element,Moritz notes that_.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，
37、本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！1011with similar or better pay.For factory owners,it all adds up to stiff competition for workers and upward pressure on wages.“Theyre harder to find and they have job offers,”says Jay Dunwell,president of Wolverine Coil Spring,a family-owned firm.“They may be comi
38、ng into the workforce,but theyve been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing,”Mr.Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing,a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that
39、 his father cofounded in 1980,Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers.Five are retiring this year.Mr.Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program,with a starting wage of$13 an hour that rises to$17 after two years.At a worktable inside the
40、 transformer plant,young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils hes trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors.Its his first week on the job.Asked about his choice of career,he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering.“I love wo
41、rking with tools.I love creating,”he says.But to win over these young workers,manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle:parents,who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression,telling them to avoid the factory.Millennials“remember their father and mother both were
42、laid off.They blame it on the manufacturing recession,”says Birgit Klohs,chief executive of The Right Place,a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns arent misplaced:Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2015.When the recovery began,w
43、orker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades.Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill,”says Rob Spohr,a business professor at Montcalm Community College.“Therere enough people to fill the j
44、obs at McDonalds and other places where you dont need to have much skill.It s that gap in between,and thats where the problem is.”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community College points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing:a work/life balance.While their parents were content to work
45、long hours,young people value flexibility.“Overtime is not attractive to this generation.They really want to live their lives,”she says.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！12131)accept the invitation,and2)introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write about 100 words on th
46、e ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name.Use“Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)欢迎您阅读并下
47、载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！1415Section Reading ComprehensionPart AText121.B gained great popularity22.D promote sport participation23.C does not emphasize elitism24.B invest in public sports facilities25.A critical Text226.A absorb user attention27.D reduces mother-child communication28
48、.C parents need to respond to childrens emotional needs29.D ensure constant interaction with their children30.B give their parents some free time Text331.C it feels strange to do differently from others32.A relieve freshmen of pressures33.D adaptation34.B decide on the right major35.A In Favor of th
49、e Gap Year Text436.A consumed a recordhigh percentage of budget37.D guarantee safer spending of public funds38.C other factors should not be overlooked39.C understand the interrelations of man and nature40.B come to terms with欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！16Part B41.E.says that for
50、factory owners,workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.42.A.says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.43.G.says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off of the young peoples parents.44.B.points out that there are enough pe