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1、口口语班写作班写作课第1页，此课件共130页哦考试作文考试作文哈尔滨医科大学哈尔滨医科大学 瞿平瞿平第2页，此课件共130页哦图画类（难度最大）v1Writeoutthemessagesconveyedbythecartoon.2Giveyourcomments.第3页，此课件共130页哦第4页，此课件共130页哦v7、1997：第5页，此课件共130页哦托福新题型v新型的写作考试趋势新型的写作考试趋势v听力听力+写作写作第6页，此课件共130页哦v一、一、书信类应用文书信类应用文v2、2005真题：辞职信道歉信真题：辞职信道歉信vDirections:Twomonthsago,yougota
2、jobasaneditorforthemagazineFashion&Design.Butnowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.WritealettertoyourbossMr.Wang,tellinghimyourdecision,statingyourreason(s),andmakinganapology.第7页，此课件共130页哦国内作文的评分标准国内作文的评分标准vA节节v应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域（指在书面和口织、语
3、言的准确性、格式和语域（指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方语表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语）的恰当。对式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语）的恰当。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题作语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。分。第8页，此课件共130页哦vB节节vB节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的连贯组织性、语法节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的连
4、贯组织性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。v2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有13分的调节分的调节分。分。v3、A节作文的字数要求是节作文的字数要求是100词左右。词左右。B节作文的字数要求是节作文的字数要求是160200词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。v4、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的
5、影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。v5、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。第9页，此课件共130页哦v1结构结构v2句子句子v3词汇词汇v4内容内容第10页，此课件共130页哦v时间：30分钟v字数：At least 300 words.vAn effective response is typically about 300 words long.If you write fewer than 300 words,you may still receive a to
6、p score,but experience has shown that shorter response typically do not demonstrate the development of ideas needed to earn a score of 5.There is no maximum word limit.You may write as much as you wish in the time allotted.But do not write just to be writing;Write to respond to the topic.托福作文v 2023/
7、4/1311第11页，此课件共130页哦v 独立写作独立写作2023/4/1312第12页，此课件共130页哦奖励分给分原则v书法笔迹书法笔迹1.大字大字vs小字小字2.笔的选择笔的选择第13页，此课件共130页哦奖励分给分原则v正确正规可读正确正规可读1.非正规标记：非正规标记：&,Vs,etc.2.简写的问题：简写的问题：WTO？WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)3._4.共共200字！字！第14页，此课件共130页哦奖励分给分原则v标点的问题标点的问题1.随意点随意点2.逗号的问题逗号的问题3.句号的问题句号的问题4.省略号省略号5.顿号顿号6.书名号书名号7.惊叹号
8、和问号惊叹号和问号第15页，此课件共130页哦奖励分给分原则v修改的问题修改的问题1.尽量不修改尽量不修改2.反对对于内容的修改反对对于内容的修改3.正确的修改方法正确的修改方法4.修正液修正液第16页，此课件共130页哦范文分析范文分析v98.1母鸡下蛋，虚假承诺母鸡下蛋，虚假承诺vStudythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould:v1writeoutthemessagesconveyedbythecartoon此提此提纲应分为两段写作）纲应分为两段写作）v2giveyourcommentsv描述图画阐释寓意给出
9、评论（解描述图画阐释寓意给出评论（解决方法）决方法）第17页，此课件共130页哦范文分析Thepastseveralyearshavewitnessedaphenomenonthatavarietyofpromiseshavebeenarisingfromallwalksoflife.Regrettably,quitealotofpromisesaresheernonsense,justastheheninthegivencartooncommitsherselftolayeggswhichareroundwithoutanyanglesandcornersandhaveshells,eggw
10、hitesandyolks.第18页，此课件共130页哦范文分析Oddsandfunnyastheysound,suchfalsepromisescanbeseenandheardeverywhereinourcountry.Administrationdepartmentsassuretoperformtheirtaskseffectivelyandfairlywithouttakinganybribes;manufacturingunitsguaranteetoturnoutproductsofgoodquality;commercialenterprisessweartoprovideg
11、enuinecommoditiesandpoliteandenthusiasticservices.第19页，此课件共130页哦Canyoufindanythingnewandsubstantialotherthantheirobligations,dutiesandjobsinthesesocalledpromises?Iguessyouranswerwillbenegative.Asamatteroffact,theirintentiontomakesuchcommitmentsisnothingbuttoputoncivilizedouterclothingtopleaseordecei
12、vethepublic.第20页，此课件共130页哦范文分析Idaresaythatyoursocietyissufferingcorruptionandcheatwhicharecausingdamagetosocietybothmateriallyandmorally.Butthehenandherlikeshouldknowthatbydishonestwordsnoonecansurvivetheintensecompetitionundermarketeconomysystem.Theyshouldremembertheoldsaying,“Honestyisthebestpolic
13、y”.第21页，此课件共130页哦范文分析v总结总结1.段落安排合理段落安排合理2.聪明的学生举例子聪明的学生举例子3.句式复杂多样句式复杂多样4.用词有效替换用词有效替换5.语法错误较少语法错误较少6.我们的目标？我们的目标？第22页，此课件共130页哦简单句子变复杂的法则简单句子变复杂的法则v1非谓语动词非谓语动词v2插入语句式插入语句式第23页，此课件共130页哦1非谓语动词非谓语动词v我是一名教师。我讲课。我是一名教师。我讲课。vI am a teacher.I give classes.I am a teacher.I give classes.vI am a teacher and
14、 I give classes.I am a teacher and I give classes.vBecause I am a teacher,I give classes.Because I am a teacher,I give classes.vI am a teacher,so I give classes.I am a teacher,so I give classes.vBeing a teacher,I give classes.Being a teacher,I give classes.vI,being a teacher,give classesI,being a te
15、acher,give classes第24页，此课件共130页哦2记者们听说刘若英要来哈尔滨要来哈尔滨，记者们听说刘若英要来哈尔滨要来哈尔滨，他们都出去找消息。他们都出去找消息。HearingthatMissLiuiscomingtoHarbin,journalistssettoobtainnews.第25页，此课件共130页哦v3老板叫我见客户，我去见他。老板叫我见客户，我去见他。vThebossasksmetovisitaconsumer.vIgotoseehim.vAskedtoseeaconsumer,Igotoseehim第26页，此课件共130页哦非谓语动词法则v1找到一个共同主语
16、找到一个共同主语v2结果动词作为真正的谓语结果动词作为真正的谓语v3其余动词看与主语的关系，主动的变成其余动词看与主语的关系，主动的变成doing，被动变成，被动变成done。第27页，此课件共130页哦vMyfatherwasdeniedhighereducationforhistoricalreasons.vButbyselfstudieshebecameatechnicianinafactory.vHeneverstoppingstudying.vHetookcoursesoflawinhissparetime.vLaterhebecamealawyer.第28页，此课件共130页哦vM
17、yfather,deniedhighereducationforhistoricalreasons,byself-studybecameatechnicianinafactory.vNeverstoppingstudyingandtakingcoursesoflawinhissparetime,laterhebecamealawyer.第29页，此课件共130页哦practicev现在的年轻人没办法缓解压力，他们在朋友的唆使现在的年轻人没办法缓解压力，他们在朋友的唆使下，转而求助于吸烟。下，转而求助于吸烟。vTheyouthnowadayshavenowaytorelievetheirpres
18、sure.vTheyareinstigatedbytheirfriends.vTheyturntosmoking第30页，此课件共130页哦vTheyouthnowadays,havingnowaytorelievetheirpressureandinstigatedbytheirfriends,turntosmoking第31页，此课件共130页哦天太热我不能学习天太热我不能学习vItistoohottostudy.vItissohotthatIcannotstudy.vItbeingsohot,Icannotstudy.v情况如此危急，解决这个事情刻不容缓。情况如此危急，解决这个事情刻不容
19、缓。vThesituationbeingserious,itishightimethatwesolvedit.第32页，此课件共130页哦插入语2v名词，插入小细节（意义，功能，相关的人等），名词，插入小细节（意义，功能，相关的人等），大概念大概念v哈尔滨市一个具有悠久历史的美丽城市，是我的故哈尔滨市一个具有悠久历史的美丽城市，是我的故乡。乡。vHaerbin,(whichis)myhometown,isabeautifulcitywithalonghistory.第33页，此课件共130页哦2 插入语v1主语主语+谓语谓语+状语状语v主语，状语，谓语主语，状语，谓语v老板正在和员工制定计划老
20、板正在和员工制定计划vThebossismakingplanswithhisworkers.vTheboss,withhisworkers,ismakingplans.不改变整个句式却显得句式有张力不改变整个句式却显得句式有张力Eg:第34页，此课件共130页哦水是生命之源，现在被污染的很严重，覆盖面积越水是生命之源，现在被污染的很严重，覆盖面积越来越小。来越小。Water,whichispollutedseriouslyandcoversdecreasingareas,issourceoflife.Water,whichispollutedseriouslyandcoversdecreasi
21、ngareas,isthesourceoflife.第35页，此课件共130页哦vWaterispollutedseriously.vWatercoversdecreasingareas.vWaterissourceoflife.第36页，此课件共130页哦网络vInternetisawayofcommunication.vInternetisoneofthemostefficientandconvenientwaysofcommunication.vInternet,bywhichmanyyoungpeoplemakeafortune,isoneofthemostefficientandco
22、nvenientwaysofcommunication.第37页，此课件共130页哦vInternet,whichmakestheworldsmallerandsmaller,isoneofthemostefficientandconvenientwaysofcommunication.第38页，此课件共130页哦八大亮点句式八大亮点句式第39页，此课件共130页哦1用否定句式表达肯定用否定句式表达肯定vIamthebestwritingteacherinneworientalschool.vI,ithasbeensaid,amthebestwritingteacherinneworienta
23、lschool.v我不是别人，我是新东方最好的写作老师。我不是别人，我是新东方最好的写作老师。vI,ratherthananyoneelse,amthebestwritingteacherinneworientalschool.第40页，此课件共130页哦Other thanvI,otherthananyoneelse,amthebestwritingteacherinneworientalschool.vNobody,otherthanI,isthebestwritingteacherinneworientalschool.第41页，此课件共130页哦中国正在面临非常严重的中国正在面临非常严
24、重的问题。问题。vAproblemofisseriousinchina.vInnocountryotherthanchina,ithasbeensaid,istheproblemserious.(thephenomenonpopular）第42页，此课件共130页哦notsomuchas与其说与其说不不如说如说v生活中的成功与其说依靠起学校的成绩倒不如说依生活中的成功与其说依靠起学校的成绩倒不如说依靠个人的能力和实践经验。靠个人的能力和实践经验。vSuccessinthelifedoesnotdependsomuchononesschoolrecordasonesabilityandpract
25、ice.(honesty,confidence,persistence)第43页，此课件共130页哦v直到直到20世纪人们才开始重视环保问题世纪人们才开始重视环保问题vItwasnotuntiltheendofthe20thcenturythatweattachedgreatimportancetoenvironmentproblems.第44页，此课件共130页哦2强调句：强调句：Itbe+强调部分强调部分+that(who)+简单句简单句v戒指是每个女孩都梦想得到的。戒指是每个女孩都梦想得到的。vItistheringthateverygirlwantsv我不是用钱能买来的我不是用钱能买来
26、的vIamnotforsale.vItisIwhoamnotforsale.v原则：去头去尾现原形原则：去头去尾现原形第45页，此课件共130页哦v在在20世纪世纪80是年代，由于中国的改革开放政策，是年代，由于中国的改革开放政策，很多外国人开始了解中国及中国的文化。很多外国人开始了解中国及中国的文化。vItwasin1980sthatanumberofforeignersbegantolearnChinaandChinesecultureowingtothereformandopendoorpolicybeingcarriedout.第46页，此课件共130页哦时间状语的替代法则v1用强调句
27、用强调句v2时间（主语），时间（主语），witness谓语，宾语谓语，宾语vIn2000，thenumberofcollegestudentsincreasedsharply.v2000witnessedincreaseinthenumberof第47页，此课件共130页哦v1980switnessedafactthatanumberofforeignersbegantolearnChinaandChinesecultureowingtothereformandopendoorpolicybeingcarriedout.第48页，此课件共130页哦3倒装句倒装句：only句，地点状语倒装句，让
28、步句，地点状语倒装句，让步状语从句的倒装状语从句的倒装 v只有用这种办法，我们才能解决这个问题。只有用这种办法，我们才能解决这个问题。vOnlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblemv在森林里有各种各样的小动物在森林里有各种各样的小动物vAllkindsofanimalsareintheforest.vIntheforestaremanyvaluablespeciesofanimals.第49页，此课件共130页哦如图所示，一个年轻人在操场上奔跑，并且冲向终点。终点又是新的起点。vAsisshowninthecartoon,ontheplaygroundrunstheyou
29、ngman,rushingtothefinal,whichisdefinedasanotherstartone第50页，此课件共130页哦Although句型省略v尽管她是个女孩，唱歌却像男人一样。尽管她是个女孩，唱歌却像男人一样。vAlthoughsheisagirl,shesingslikeaman.vGirlassheis,shesingslikeaman.v尽管漫画很简单，但是其寓意却非常深刻尽管漫画很简单，但是其寓意却非常深刻vSimpleasapictureis,themeaningbehinditisasdeepastheocean.第51页，此课件共130页哦4虚拟语气虚拟语气
30、v1）Itishightimethat+过去时过去时vItishightimethattheauthoritiesconcernedtookproperstepstosolvethetrafficproblems(喊口号句式，用于最喊口号句式，用于最后一段后一段)vThesituationbeingsoserious,itishightimethatwetookeffectivemeasures.第52页，此课件共130页哦2）Itisimportant/necessary/imperative/urgent+that+(should)+dov政府有必要制定法律法规来解决这个问题政府有必要制定
31、法律法规来解决这个问题vItisimperativethatlawsandregulationsshouldbeworkedoutto第53页，此课件共130页哦if句式句式v如果没有改革开放政策如果没有改革开放政策,我们可能根本吃不肯德鸡我们可能根本吃不肯德鸡.vIftherewerenothereformandopendoorpolicy,wewouldnevertasteKFC.第54页，此课件共130页哦5被动句被动句vYourbabywasborn.vMeasuresshouldbetakenvAttentionshouldbepaidtosthvEmphasisshouldbepl
32、aceduponvGreatimportanceshouldbeattachedtov当文中的主语为人们，大家，社会等大词的时候用当文中的主语为人们，大家，社会等大词的时候用被动语气被动语气第55页，此课件共130页哦6定语从句定语从句v交通工具发出有毒气体，污染环境。交通工具发出有毒气体，污染环境。vAutomobiledischargeslotsoffumeswhichseriouslypollutetheairv你穿牛仔裤还是套装对我来说无所谓。你穿牛仔裤还是套装对我来说无所谓。vYoucanwearjeansorsuit,whichmakesnodifferencetome.(matt
33、eralottosb)vAmajorityofyouthtendtosmoke,whichhasanegative(positive,profound)influenceinsociety.第56页，此课件共130页哦运用定语从句法则v1尽量找出句子相互重叠的部分，尽量找出句子相互重叠的部分，v2把其中从句的重叠部分用关系代词把其中从句的重叠部分用关系代词which,that,whowhose，whom或关系副词或关系副词where或者或者介词介词+which,whom来连接两句来连接两句话话第57页，此课件共130页哦我爱上一个让我奋不顾身的人。v女生版：女生版：Ifallinlovewit
34、hhimatwhomIthrowmylifev男生版：男生版：IfallinlovewithagirlforwhomIcandoeverything.第58页，此课件共130页哦If，及及because句式的替换句式的替换vIwanttobuythecupbecauseitscolorisspecial.vIwanttobuythecupwhosecolorisspecial.vIfthestudentscangetajobintheirarea,theyaregainingvaluableexperienceandputtingtheirknowledgetouseimmediately.v
35、Thestudents,whocangetajobintheirarea,aregainingvaluableexperienceandputtingtheirknowledgetouseimmediately.第59页，此课件共130页哦vIfthestudentscangetajobintheirarea,theyaregainingvaluableexperienceandputtingtheirknowledgetouseimmediately.vThestudents,whocangetajobintheirarea,aregainingvaluableexperienceandpu
36、ttingtheirknowledgetouseimmediately.第60页，此课件共130页哦vifthehobbyisstampcollecting,thepersoncanlearnaboutthecountriesoftheworldandevensomeoftheirhistory.vTheperson，whosehobbyisstampcollecting,canlearnaboutthecountriesoftheworldandevensomeoftheirhistory.第61页，此课件共130页哦vOurneighbor,learningaboutmyfamilysco
37、nditionandbeginningtohelpus,lentsomemoneytomyparentswhousedthemoneytoopenashopandgotthroughthehardlife.第62页，此课件共130页哦7主语从句主语从句vWhatmakesthecartoonsurprising(interesting)isthat+环境细节环境细节vWhatmakesthecartoonsurprisingisthattheoldfatheriskickedoffbyhisdaughtersandsonslikeaball.第63页，此课件共130页哦8比较句式比较句式v1与
38、老一辈人相比，现在的年轻人在很小年纪就独与老一辈人相比，现在的年轻人在很小年纪就独立了。立了。vTheyouthnowadaysaremoreindependentatanearlyagethantheold.vComparedwiththeoldgeneration,youngpeoplenowadaystendtobemoreindependentatanearlyage.v同级代替比较级；比较级代替最高级同级代替比较级；比较级代替最高级第64页，此课件共130页哦2传统观念认为，素食主义者活的更长，然而他们却因为营养不良而死的更早。vContrarytothethought（belief
39、)that,主句主句vContrarytothethoughtthatvegetarianscanlivelonger,theydieearlierforlackofnutrition.第65页，此课件共130页哦vThemorewelearnabouttheissue,themorewerealizethatitisofimportance.vContrarytothethought(belief,conclusion)that,vContrarytothethought(belief,conclusion)thatvegetarianscouldlivelonger,mostofthemd
40、ieearlierforlackofnutrition.第66页，此课件共130页哦词汇v词汇的多样性词汇的多样性v词汇量的概念词汇量的概念v简单词复杂化的方法简单词复杂化的方法v重复率高的词汇重复率高的词汇v词汇的替换方法词汇的替换方法第67页，此课件共130页哦v实现词汇的降级替换实现词汇的降级替换vEG：在当今社会：在当今社会vIncontemporarysocietyvInmodernsociety/todayssociety/nowadays/atpresent/today/now第68页，此课件共130页哦重复率高的词汇重复率高的词汇v1显示：图标图画中，显示：图标图画中，show
41、,indicate,reveal,reflect,demonstrate,conveysthemessagethat,imply,suggest,illustrate,depict2重要：重要：Beofimportance,significant,vital,essentially,critically,crucial,playarole,shouldbetakenseriously,importanceshouldbeattachedto第69页，此课件共130页哦vveryvofgreatimportance,significantlyimportantv替换替换very的方法：将的方法：
42、将adj.的同义词的同义词变为变为adv.即相当于即相当于very第70页，此课件共130页哦v4极大的：极大的：great/sharp/dramatic/sizable/significant/enormous/considerable/profoundv5think:believe,convince,suppose,assume,guess,reckon,insist,maintain,argue,claim,inonesopinion,beofopinion/viewthat,holdtheviewthat,asfarasIamconcerned,inmyeyes第71页，此课件共130
43、页哦6Differentvarious,avarietyof,varyfrompersontoperson，Peoplesopinionsarevarious.7moreandmoreStudentsingrowingnumbersfindlearningEnglishhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.vMoreandmoreteachersaredemandedwithvWiththedevelopmentofeconomythereisanincreasingdemandofteachers,第72页，此课件共130页哦vmostvThevastmajority
44、ofstudentstakeaparttimejob.vThelarge(considerable)percentageofcollegestudentstakesanegativeattitudeofsmoking.第73页，此课件共130页哦vAsisshowninthepictures,withtherampancyofcommercialfishing,thenumberoffisheshasdramaticallydecreased.Inonepicture,therewerevariouskindsoffishandonlyfishing-boatin1900.Onthecontr
45、ary,in1995therewasonlyonefish,butmanyfishing-boats.vShown-described/depictedvPicturecartoon/caricaturevRampancydisorder/immoderationvDramaticallysharply/considerably/profoundly/rapidly/SignificantlyvVariousallsortsof/diversekindsof/vOnthecontrarybycontrast/butontheotherhand/vManyinnumerable/countles
46、s/alargenumberof第74页，此课件共130页哦例文vAsisshowninthepictures,withtherampancyofcommercialfishing,thenumberoffisheshasdramaticallydecreased.Inonepicture,therewerevariouskindsoffishandonlyfishing-boatin1900.Onthecontrary,in1995therewasonlyonefish,butmanyfishing-boats.第75页，此课件共130页哦vThepurposeofthepictureist
47、oshowusthatdueattentionhastobepaidtothedecreaseofoceanrecourses.Owingtoover-fishing,thenumberoffisheshasobviouslydecreased.Ifweletthissituationgoasitis,wedonotknowwherefishwillbeinthefuture.Bythattime,ourenvironmentwillsufferagreatdestruction.第76页，此课件共130页哦vThepurposeofthepictureistoshowusthatdueatt
48、entionhastobepaidtothedecreaseofoceanrecourses.Owingtoover-fishing,thenumberoffisheshasobviouslydecreased.Ifweletthissituationgoasitis,wedonotknowwherefishwillbeinthefuture.Bythattime,ourenvironmentwillsufferagreatdestruction.vShowwarn/soundanalarmtovDueattentionhastobepaidtoimportanceshouldbeattach
49、edtovDecreasedecline/reduction/shrinkvOwingtoasaresultof/onaccountof/asaconsequenceof/vOver-fishingexcessive/immoderatefishingvObviouslyevidently/apparently/visibly第77页，此课件共130页哦vPurposemoral(adj道德的，道德的，n寓意寓意)/motive/theme(音乐音乐)vShowwarn/soundanalarmtovDueattentionhastobepaidtoimportanceshouldbeatta
50、chedtovDecreasedecline/reduction/shinkvOwingtoasaresultof/onaccountof/asaconsequenceof/vOver-fishingexcessive/immoderatefishingvObviouslyevidently/apparently/visibly第78页，此课件共130页哦vTherefore,itisimperativeforustotakedrasticmeasures.Foronething,weshouldappealtoourauthoritiestomakestrictlawstocontrolco