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1、pDo you agree or disagree following statement?Movies and televisions have more positive or more negative effects on young peoples behaviors.p (2008.3.2)Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The best way to travel is in a group led by the guide.p 2023/1/311考试作文考试作文哈尔滨医科大学哈尔滨医科大学 瞿平瞿平图
2、画类（难度最大）v1Writeoutthemessagesconveyedbythecartoon.2Giveyourcomments.v7、1997：托福新题型v新型的写作考试趋势新型的写作考试趋势v听力听力+写作写作v一、一、书信类应用文书信类应用文v2、2005真题：辞职信道歉信真题：辞职信道歉信vDirections:Twomonthsago,yougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineFashion&Design.Butnowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.Writealettert
3、oyourbossMr.Wang,tellinghimyourdecision,statingyourreason(s),andmakinganapology.国内作文的评分标准国内作文的评分标准vA节节v应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域（指在书面和组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域（指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语口语表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语）的恰当。方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语）的恰当。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题对语法结构和词汇
4、多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关作调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。扣分。vB节节vB节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的连贯组织节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的连贯组织性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。v2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有13分的分的调节分
5、。调节分。v3、A节作文的字数要求是节作文的字数要求是100词左右。词左右。B节作文的字数要节作文的字数要求是求是160200词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。v4、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。均可接受。v5、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。v1结构结构v2句子句子v3词汇词汇v4内容内容p时间：30分钟p字数：Atlea
6、st300words.pAneffectiveresponseistypicallyabout300wordslong.Ifyouwritefewerthan300words,youmaystillreceiveatopscore,butexperiencehasshownthatshorterresponsetypicallydonotdemonstratethedevelopmentofideasneededtoearnascoreof5.Thereisnomaximumwordlimit.Youmaywriteasmuchasyouwishinthetimeallotted.Butdon
7、otwritejusttobewriting;Writetorespondtothetopic.托福作文p 2023/1/3111p 独立写作独立写作2023/1/3112奖励分给分原则v书法笔迹书法笔迹1.大字大字vs小字小字2.笔的选择笔的选择奖励分给分原则v正确正规可读正确正规可读1.非正规标记：非正规标记：&,Vs,etc.2.简写的问题：简写的问题：WTO？3.WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)3._4.共共200字！字！奖励分给分原则v标点的问题标点的问题1.随意点随意点2.逗号的问题逗号的问题3.句号的问题句号的问题4.省略号省略号5.顿号顿号6.书名号书名号
8、7.惊叹号和问号惊叹号和问号奖励分给分原则v修改的问题修改的问题1.尽量不修改尽量不修改2.反对对于内容的修改反对对于内容的修改3.正确的修改方法正确的修改方法4.修正液修正液范文分析范文分析v98.1母鸡下蛋，虚假承诺母鸡下蛋，虚假承诺vStudythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould:v1writeoutthemessagesconveyedbythecartoon此此提纲应分为两段写作）提纲应分为两段写作）v2giveyourcommentsv描述图画阐释寓意给出评论描述图画阐释寓意给出评论（解决方法）（解决
9、方法）范文分析Thepastseveralyearshavewitnessedaphenomenonthatavarietyofpromiseshavebeenarisingfromallwalksoflife.Regrettably,quitealotofpromisesaresheernonsense,justastheheninthegivencartooncommitsherselftolayeggswhichareroundwithoutanyanglesandcornersandhaveshells,eggwhitesandyolks.范文分析Oddsandfunnyastheys
10、ound,suchfalsepromisescanbeseenandheardeverywhereinourcountry.Administrationdepartmentsassuretoperformtheirtaskseffectivelyandfairlywithouttakinganybribes;manufacturingunitsguaranteetoturnoutproductsofgoodquality;commercialenterprisessweartoprovidegenuinecommoditiesandpoliteandenthusiasticservices.C
11、anyoufindanythingnewandsubstantialotherthantheirobligations,dutiesandjobsinthesesocalledpromises?Iguessyouranswerwillbenegative.Asamatteroffact,theirintentiontomakesuchcommitmentsisnothingbuttoputoncivilizedouterclothingtopleaseordeceivethepublic.范文分析Idaresaythatyoursocietyissufferingcorruptionandch
12、eatwhicharecausingdamagetosocietybothmateriallyandmorally.Butthehenandherlikeshouldknowthatbydishonestwordsnoonecansurvivetheintensecompetitionundermarketeconomysystem.Theyshouldremembertheoldsaying,“Honestyisthebestpolicy”.范文分析v总结总结1.段落安排合理段落安排合理2.聪明的学生举例子聪明的学生举例子3.句式复杂多样句式复杂多样4.用词有效替换用词有效替换5.语法错误较
13、少语法错误较少6.我们的目标？我们的目标？简单句子变复杂的法则简单句子变复杂的法则v1非谓语动词v2插入语句式1非谓语动词非谓语动词v我是一名教师。我讲课。vI am a teacher.I give classes.vI am a teacher and I give classes.vBecause I am a teacher,I give classes.vI am a teacher,so I give classes.vBeing a teacher,I give classes.vI,being a teacher,give classes2记者们听说刘若英要来哈尔滨要来哈尔滨，
14、他们都出去找消息。Hearing that Miss Liu is coming to Harbin,journalists set to obtain news.v3 老板叫我见客户，我去见他。vThe boss asks me to visit a consumer.vI go to see him.vAsked to see a consumer,I go to see him非谓语动词法则v1找到一个共同主语找到一个共同主语v2结果动词作为真正的谓语结果动词作为真正的谓语v3其余动词看与主语的关系，主动的其余动词看与主语的关系，主动的变成变成doing，被动变成，被动变成done。vM
15、yfatherwasdeniedhighereducationforhistoricalreasons.vButbyselfstudieshebecameatechnicianinafactory.vHeneverstoppingstudying.vHetookcoursesoflawinhissparetime.vLaterhebecamealawyer.vMyfather,deniedhighereducationforhistoricalreasons,byself-studybecameatechnicianinafactory.vNeverstoppingstudyingandtak
16、ingcoursesoflawinhissparetime,laterhebecamealawyer.practicev现在的年轻人没办法缓解压力，他们在朋友的唆使下，转而求助于吸烟。vThe youth nowadays have no way to relieve their pressure.vThey are instigated by their friends.vThey turn to smokingvThe youth nowadays,having no way to relieve their pressure and instigated by their friends
17、,turn to smoking天太热我不能学习天太热我不能学习vItistoohottostudy.vItissohotthatIcannotstudy.vItbeingsohot,Icannotstudy.v情况如此危急，解决这个事情刻不容缓。情况如此危急，解决这个事情刻不容缓。vThesituationbeingserious,itishightimethatwesolvedit.插入语2v名词，插入小细节（意义，功能，相关的人等），大概念v哈尔滨市一个具有悠久历史的美丽城市，是我的故乡。vHaerbin,(which is)my hometown,is a beautiful city
18、 with a long history.2 插入语v1 主语+谓语+状语v主语，状语，谓语v老板正在和员工制定计划vThe boss is making plans with his workers.vThe boss,with his workers,is making plans.不改变整个句式却显得句式有张力Eg:水水是生命之源，现在被污染的很严重，覆盖面积越来越小。Water,which is polluted seriously and covers decreasing areas,is source of life.Water,which is polluted serious
19、ly and covers decreasing areas,is the source of life.vWaterispollutedseriously.vWatercoversdecreasingareas.vWaterissourceoflife.网络vInternet is a way of communication.vInternet is one of the most efficient and convenient ways of communication.vInternet,by which many young people make a fortune,is one
20、 of the most efficient and convenient ways of communication.vInternet,which makes the world smaller and smaller,is one of the most efficient and convenient ways of communication.八大亮点句式1用否定句式表达肯定用否定句式表达肯定vI am the best writing teacher in new oriental school.vI,it has been said,am the best writing tea
21、cher in new oriental school.v我不是别人，我是新东方最好的写作老师。vI,rather than anyone else,am the best writing teacher in new oriental school.Other thanvI,other than anyone else,am the best writing teacher in new oriental school.vNobody,other than I,is the best writing teacher in new oriental school.中国正在面临非常严重的中国正在
22、面临非常严重的问题。问题。vA problem of is serious in china.vIn no country other than china,it has been said,is the problem serious.(the phenomenon popular）notsomuchas与其说与其说不不如说如说v生活中的成功与其说依靠起学校的成绩倒不如说生活中的成功与其说依靠起学校的成绩倒不如说依靠个人的能力和实践经验。依靠个人的能力和实践经验。vSuccess in the life does not depend so much on ones school recor
23、d as ones ability and practice.(honesty,confidence,persistence)v直到20世纪人们才开始重视环保问题vIt was not until the end of the 20th century that we attached great importance to environment problems.2强调句：强调句：Itbe+强调部分强调部分+that(who)+简单句简单句v戒指是每个女孩都梦想得到的。vIt is the ring that every girl wantsv我不是用钱能买来的vI am not for
24、sale.vIt is I who am not for sale.v原则：去头去尾现原形v在在20世纪世纪80是年代，由于中国的改革开放政策，是年代，由于中国的改革开放政策，很多外国人开始了解中国及中国的文化。很多外国人开始了解中国及中国的文化。vIt was in 1980s that a number of foreigners began to learn China and Chinese culture owing to the reform and open door policy being carried out.时间状语的替代法则v1用强调句用强调句v2时间（主语），时间（
25、主语），witness谓语，宾语谓语，宾语vIn2000，thenumberofcollegestudentsincreasedsharply.v2000witnessedincreaseinthenumberofv1980s witnessed a fact that a number of foreigners began to learn China and Chinese culture owing to the reform and open door policy being carried out.3倒装句倒装句：only句，地点状语倒装句，句，地点状语倒装句，让步状语从句的倒装
26、让步状语从句的倒装 v只有用这种办法，我们才能解决这个问题。vOnly in this way can we solve the problemv在森林里有各种各样的小动物vAll kinds of animals are in the forest.vIn the forest are many valuable species of animals.如图所示，一个年轻人在操场上奔跑，并且冲向终点。终点又是新的起点。vAs is shown in the cartoon,on the playground runs the young man,rushing to the final,whi
27、ch is defined as another start oneAlthough句型省略v尽管她是个女孩，唱歌却像男人一样。尽管她是个女孩，唱歌却像男人一样。vAlthoughsheisagirl,shesingslikeaman.vGirlassheis,shesingslikeaman.v尽管漫画很简单，但是其寓意却非常深刻尽管漫画很简单，但是其寓意却非常深刻vSimpleasapictureis,themeaningbehinditisasdeepastheocean.4虚拟语气虚拟语气v1）It is high time that+过去时vIt is high time that
28、the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems(喊口号句式，用于最后一段)vThe situation being so serious,it is high time that we took effective measures.2）Itisimportant/necessary/imperative/urgent+that+(should)+dov政府有必要制定法律法规来解决这个政府有必要制定法律法规来解决这个问题问题vIt is imperative that laws and regu
29、lations should be worked out to if句式句式v如果没有改革开放政策,我们可能根本吃不肯德鸡.vIf there were no the reform and open door policy,we would never taste KFC.5被动句被动句vYour baby was born.vMeasures should be takenvAttention should be paid to sthvEmphasis should be placed uponvGreat importance should be attached tov当文中的主语为人
30、们，大家，社会等大词的时候用被动语气6定语从句定语从句v交通工具发出有毒气体，污染环境。vAutomobile discharges lots of fumes which seriously pollute the airv你穿牛仔裤还是套装对我来说无所谓。vYou can wear jeans or suit,which makes no difference to me.(matter a lot to sb)vA majority of youth tend to smoke,which has a negative(positive,profound)influence in soc
31、iety.运用定语从句法则v1尽量找出句子相互重叠的部分，v2把其中从句的重叠部分用关系代词which,that,who whose，whom或关系副词where或者 介词+which,whom 来连接两句话我爱上一个让我奋不顾身的人。v女生版：I fall in love with him at whom I throw my lifev男生版：I fall in love with a girl for whom I can do everything.If，及及because句式的替换句式的替换vI want to buy the cup because its color is spe
32、cial.v I want to buy the cup whose color is special.vIf the students can get a job in their area,they are gaining valuable experience and putting their knowledge to use immediately.vThe students,who can get a job in their area,are gaining valuable experience and putting their knowledge to use immedi
33、ately.vIf the students can get a job in their area,they are gaining valuable experience and putting their knowledge to use immediately.vThe students,who can get a job in their area,are gaining valuable experience and putting their knowledge to use immediately.vif the hobby is stamp collecting,the pe
34、rson can learn about the countries of the world and even some of their history.vThe person，whose hobby is stamp collecting,can learn about the countries of the world and even some of their history.vOurneighbor,learningaboutmyfamilysconditionandbeginningtohelpus,lentsomemoneytomyparentswhousedthemone
35、ytoopenashopandgotthroughthehardlife.7主语从句主语从句vWhat makes the cartoon surprising(interesting)is that+环境细节 vWhat makes the cartoon surprising is that the old father is kicked off by his daughters and sons like a ball.8比较句式比较句式v1与老一辈人相比，现在的年轻人在很小年纪就独立了。vThe youth nowadays are more independent at an ea
36、rly age than the old.vCompared with the old generation,young people nowadays tend to be more independent at an early age.v同级代替比较级；比较级代替最高级2传统观念认为，素食主义者活的更长，然而他们却因为营养不良而死的更早。vContrarytothethought（belief)that,主句主句vContrarytothethoughtthatvegetarianscanlivelonger,theydieearlierforlackofnutrition.vThe m
37、ore we learn about the issue,the more we realize that it is of importance.vContrary to the thought(belief,conclusion)that,vContrary to the thought(belief,conclusion)that vegetarians could live longer,most of them die earlier for lack of nutrition.词汇v词汇的多样性v词汇量的概念v简单词复杂化的方法v重复率高的词汇v词汇的替换方法v实现词汇的降级替换v
38、EG：在当今社会vIn contemporary societyvIn modern society/todays society/nowadays/at present/today/now重复率高的词汇重复率高的词汇v1 显示：图标图画中，show,indicate,reveal,reflect,demonstrate,conveys the message that,imply,suggest,illustrate,depict2重要：Be of importance,significant,vital,essentially,critically,crucial,play a role,
39、should be taken seriously,importance should be attached to vveryvof great importance,significantly importantv替换very的方法：将adj.的同义词 变为adv.即相当于veryv4 极大的：great/sharp/dramatic/sizable/significant/enormous/considerable/profoundv5 think:believe,convince,suppose,assume,guess,reckon,insist,maintain,argue,cla
40、im,in ones opinion,be of opinion/view that,hold the view that,as far as I am concerned,in my eyes6 Different various,a variety of,vary from person to person，Peoples opinions are various.7 more and more Students in growing numbers find learning English has become increasingly important.vMore and more
41、 teachers are demanded withvWith the development of economy there is an increasing demand of teachers,vmostvThe vast majority of students take a part time job.vThe large(considerable)percentage of college students takes a negative attitude of smoking.vAsisshowninthepictures,withtherampancyofcommerci
42、alfishing,thenumberoffisheshasdramaticallydecreased.Inonepicture,therewerevariouskindsoffishandonlyfishing-boatin1900.Onthecontrary,in1995therewasonlyonefish,butmanyfishing-boats.vShown-described/depictedvPicturecartoon/caricaturevRampancydisorder/immoderationvDramaticallysharply/considerably/profou
43、ndly/rapidly/SignificantlyvVariousall sorts of/diverse kinds of/vOn the contraryby contrast/but on the other hand/vManyinnumerable/countless/a large number of例文vAs is shown in the pictures,with the rampancy of commercial fishing,the number of fishes has dramatically decreased.In one picture,there we
44、re various kinds of fish and only fishing-boat in 1900.On the contrary,in 1995 there was only one fish,but many fishing-boats.vThe purpose of the picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decrease of ocean recourses.Owing to over-fishing,the number of fished has obviously decrea
45、sed.If we let this situation go as it is,we do not know where fish will be in the future.By that time,our environment will suffer a great destruction.vThe purpose of the picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decrease of ocean recourses.Owing to over-fishing,the number of fis
46、hes has obviously decreased.If we let this situation go as it is,we do not know where fish will be in the future.By that time,our environment will suffer a great destruction.vShowwarn/sound an alarm tovDue attention has to be paid toimportance should be attached tovDecreasedecline/reduction/shrinkvO
47、wing toas a result of/on account of/as a consequence of/vOver-fishingexcessive/immoderate fishingvObviouslyevidently/apparently/visiblyvPurposemoral(adj 道德的，n 寓意)/motive/theme(音乐)vShowwarn/sound an alarm tovDue attention has to be paid toimportance should be attached tovDecreasedecline/reduction/shi
48、nkvOwing toas a result of/on account of/as a consequence of/vOver-fishingexcessive/immoderate fishingvObviouslyevidently/apparently/visiblyvTherefore,it is imperative for us to take drastic measures.For one thing,we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing.F
49、or another,we should enhance peoples awareness that the ocean resources are vital to us.Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources.Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficult,and we will have a bright future.vTherefore,it is imperative for us to take drastic measures.For one t
50、hing,we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing.For another,we should enhance peoples awareness that the ocean resources are vital to us.Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources.Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficulty,and we wi