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1、上外课件：上外课件：Unit 09_A(第六册第六册,英语综合英语综合教程教程,外教社外教社)About the AuthorShirley Chisholm(1924-2005),American Shirley Chisholm(1924-2005),American politician,educator,and author,was the first politician,educator,and author,was the first Afro-American woman elected to the U.S.Afro-American woman elected to the
2、 U.S.Congress.She was a passionate and Congress.She was a passionate and effective advocate of equal rights for effective advocate of equal rights for minorities,women and children.She minorities,women and children.She changed the nations perception about the changed the nations perception about the
3、 capabilities of women and African-capabilities of women and African-Americans.Americans.第1页/共44页Text StructureSection 1:Paragraph 1 Section 2:Paragraphs 2-3Section 3:Paragraphs 4-12Section 4:Paragraphs 13-16Section 5:Paragraph 17第2页/共44页Text AnalysisText AnalysisShirley Chisholm identifies and anal
4、yses the sexual discrimination in 1970s American politics and draws the surprising conclusion that the prejudice based on sex is even more serious than racial prejudice.It is surprising because American society as a whole now acknowledges the racial inequality but both men and women are simply blind
5、 to the unfair treatment of women in the game of politics.She expresses her conviction that womens more active participation in politics would improve the country.第3页/共44页Paragraph 1Being the first black woman elected to Congress has made me some kind of phenomenon.I was the first to overcome both h
6、andicaps at once.Of the two handicaps,being black is much less of a draw back than being female.第4页/共44页phenomenonany state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning;a remarkable development现象；奇迹；杰出的人才The phenomenon draws more attention of the public than ever before.
7、这个现象也也比以往更加引起公众的注意力了What might account for this strange phenomenon?什么能解释这种奇怪的现象？第5页/共44页 overcomewin a victory over;get on top of;deal with successfullyYou must overcome your bad habits.你必须克服你的坏习惯.So,what obstacles do you have to overcome in your life?在你的生命中,有哪些障碍是需要克服的?When at last all these obstac
8、les were overcome,the small team set to work.当最后所有的这些障碍被克服的时候,小队就开始工作了。第6页/共44页handicap(n.)the condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical or mental unfitness(v.)injure permanently;put at a disadvantageBlindness is a great handicap.失明是一种重大的残疾。A bad attitude is the only true han
9、dicap.错误的态度才是唯一真正的障碍。Perhaps other readers will not suffer such a handicap.也许别的读者不会感到这个困难吧。第7页/共44页drawbackthe quality of being a hindrance缺点，不利条件；退税Complacency is a drawback to progress.自满是进步的障碍。This is the major drawback of the system.这就是该系统的主要缺点。A drawback of text format files,however,is that the
10、y take longer to load.然而文本格式文件的缺点就是载入它们要花很长的时间。第8页/共44页Paragraph 2If I said that being black is a greater handicap than being a woman,probably no one would question me.That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men-and,I am afraid,most women-as bizarre.第9页/共44页que
11、stion(v.)challenge the accuracy,probity,or propriety of;place in doubt or express doubtful speculation询问；怀疑；审问You have no right to question him.你无权对他进行质询。Federal officials are due to question them next week.联邦官员将于下周对他们进行审问。I question the truth of the story.我怀疑这个故事的真实性。第10页/共44页prejudice againstI adm
12、it I had a prejudice against Bob.I admit I had a prejudice against Bob.我承认我以前对鲍伯我承认我以前对鲍伯有偏见。有偏见。Some Chinese harbor a prejudice against mental illness Some Chinese harbor a prejudice against mental illness patients.patients.一些中国人对精神病患者抱有一种偏见。一些中国人对精神病患者抱有一种偏见。Prejudice against women is deeply roote
13、d still in some Prejudice against women is deeply rooted still in some peoples mind,especially in distant rural areas.peoples mind,especially in distant rural areas.对女性的偏对女性的偏见，尤其是在偏远的农村地区，仍然深植于某些人见，尤其是在偏远的农村地区，仍然深植于某些人的心中的心中Prejudice against blacks was invisible to most white Prejudice against blac
14、ks was invisible to most white Americans for many years.Americans for many years.多年以来，许多白人看不到多年以来，许多白人看不到存在着对黑人的歧视。存在着对黑人的歧视。第11页/共44页strikestop work in order to press demands；affect or afflict suddenly,usually adversely；hit against;come into sudden contact with罢工；打击；敲；打动The company halted the opera
15、tions during the strike.罢工期间,这家公司停止了业务。That points to the possibility,at least,of a military strike.那就意味着，至少有可能，会进行一场军事打击。Smith struck a match to light the fire史密斯划燃一根火柴点燃炉火第12页/共44页bizarreadj.conspicuously or grossly unconventional or unusualThat sounds like a bizarre combination.那样的组合听起来很怪。Its bee
16、n a bizarre week for the Rockets.对火箭队来说，这是一个相当奇怪的星期。The old people all goggled at the bizarre dresses of the girls at the party.晚会上老人们个个睁大了眼睛,瞧着女孩子们穿的奇装异服。第13页/共44页Paragraph 3Prejudice against blacks was invisible to most white Americans for many years.When blacks finally started to mention it,with
17、sit-ins,boycotts,and freedom rides,Americans were incredulous.It was the start of a long,painful reeducation for white America.It will take years for whites-including those who think of themselves as liberals-to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have.第14页/共44页mention(v.)m
18、ake reference to;(n.)a remark that calls attention to something or someoneNow that you mention it,I could recall it.既然你提及，我也就记起来了。I enjoyed the meal,not to mention the conversation.我很享受那顿饭，更不用说席间的谈话。A nervous boss can become hysterical at the mere mention of money.只要一提到钱，神经质的老板就会变得异常激动。第15页/共44页sit-
19、inn.a form of civil disobedience in which demonstrators occupy seats and refuse to move静坐抗议；静坐罢工Protesters managed to climb the railings and break into the debating chamber to stage a sit-in.示威者爬过栏杆，闯入辩论厅举行静坐。The latter staged a sit-in at Bangkoks international airport for a week that left thousands
20、 of passengers stranded.后者发起了在曼谷国际机场长达一周的静坐示威，致使成千上万的旅客滞留。第16页/共44页boycott(n.n.)a groups refusal to have commercial dealings with a groups refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policiessome organization in protest against its policies;(;(v.v.)refuse refuse
21、 to sponsor;refuse to do business withto sponsor;refuse to do business with抵制，杯葛抵制，杯葛For a few days every year,people in South Korea will For a few days every year,people in South Korea will boycott everything Japanese.boycott everything Japanese.每年都有几天韩国人会每年都有几天韩国人会 抵制一切来自日本的东西抵制一切来自日本的东西.So far,th
22、e business impact of the protests and boycott So far,the business impact of the protests and boycott calls appears limited.calls appears limited.到目前为止，抗议和抵制活动到目前为止，抗议和抵制活动产生的商业影响显得有限。产生的商业影响显得有限。第17页/共44页incredulousadj.not disposed or willing to believe;unbelievingPeople nowadays are incredulous abo
23、ut ghosts and witches.现在的人们对鬼和巫婆都不相信了。After I told her the story,Jane gave me an incredulous smile.我把这个故事讲给简听，听完后她不相信地朝我一笑。Im incredulous to nobodys promises but yours.我不相信任何人的承诺，但你是个例外。第18页/共44页liberala person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil libe
24、rtiesHe was a conviction liberal and a believe-in-nothing celebrity.他是坚定的自由主义者，也是没有信仰的名流；The title of Paul Krugmans new book,“The Conscience of a Liberal,”is no accident.保罗克鲁格曼的新书之所以取名一个自由主义者的良知绝非意外。第19页/共44页racistn.a person with a prejudiced belief that one race is superior to othersI find his raci
25、st views totally repugnant.我十分厌恶他的种族主义观点.When he finally came out,many saw that this U.S.Supreme Court Justice was a racist at heart.当这位美国最高法院法官最后表态时，很多人看出此人内心是个种族主义者。The racist harassment has driven him insane.种族主义者的折磨把他逼疯了。第20页/共44页Paragraph 4How much harder will it be to eliminate the prejudice a
26、gainst women?I am sure it will be a longer struggle.Part of the problem is that women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second-class citizens than blacks ever were.第21页/共44页brainwashedadj.subjected to intensive forced indoctrination resulting in the rejection of ol
27、d beliefs and acceptance of new onesLi responded with a smile,“I dont want to be brainwashed.李先生一笑说，“我不愿被洗脑子。”I refuse to be brainwashed by advertisers into buying something I dont need.我可不让广告商给我洗脑，去买那些我不需要的东西。第22页/共44页Paragraph 5Let me exlplain.I have been active in politics for more than twenty ye
28、ars.For all but last six,I have done the work-all the tedious detalis that make teh difference between victory and defeat on election day-while men reaped the rewards,which is almost invariably the lot of women in politics.第23页/共44页tediousso lacking in interest as to cause mental wearinessHow can he
29、 give us such a tedious lecture!他怎么能做这么沉闷乏味的演讲.But there is no denying that some of them are tedious and not trustworthy.但不可否认的是他们中的一些人是乏味的,而不是可信。The Mayor recited to the Queen a long and tedious speech of welcome.市长向女王背诵了一篇冗长且乏味的欢迎词。第24页/共44页make the difference 产生差别；有影响，很重要The right people make the
30、 difference.合适的人起重要的作用。Education can make a big difference to the quality of a persons life.教育对一个人的生活质量有很大影响.Leadership certainly plays a vital role,but individual team member attitudes make the difference.领导能力当然起了一个很关键的作用，但团队成员的态度也会造成不同影响。第25页/共44页reap the rewardsMay you reap the rewards of kindnes
31、s.愿你因你的善良而获得回报。Keep up the good work,because you will reap the rewards soon.保持杰出的工作，因为你马上就可以收获回报了。Enjoy the challenge of short-term and long-term goals and then reap the rewards!拥有短期的和长期目标的挑战然后收获酬谢!第26页/共44页invariablyadv.always;in an invariable mannerPower invariably means both responsibility and da
32、nger.权力永远意味着责任和危险。In contrast with most politicians,he was invariably polite.与大多数政治家相比，他始终彬彬有礼。A man who moralizing is usually a hypocrite,and a woman who moralizing is invariably plain.说教的男人通常是个伪善者，而说教的女人则必定是个丑女。第27页/共44页lot(n.)your overall circumstances or condition in life(including everything th
33、at happens to you);anything(straws or pebbles etc.)taken or chosen at random抽签；命运；a bad(或 sorry)lot(一个或一帮)坏蛋，恶人；没出息的家伙a crook in the lot(人生中)倒霉的时刻；人生的坎坷thats your lot(或 you have had your lot)你命该如此第28页/共44页Paragraph 6It is still women-about three million volunteers-who do most of this work in the Ame
34、rican political world.The best any of them can hope for is the honor of being district or county vice-chairman,a kind of separate-but-equal position with which a woman is rewarded for years of faithful envelope-stuffing and card-party organizing.where her role is supposed to be to vote the way her m
35、ale chairman votes.第29页/共44页separate-but-equal(种族主义者的)隔离但是平等(的主张)Separate but equal was a legal doctrine in United States Constitutional law that justified systems of segregation.Under this doctrine,services,facilities and public accommodations were allowed to be separated by race,on the condition t
36、hat the quality of each groups public facilities were(supposedly)to remain equal.The phrase was derived from a Louisiana law of 1890.第30页/共44页conventionn.a large formal assemblyn.a large formal assembly;something regarded as a something regarded as a normative examplenormative example;(diplomacy)an
37、international(diplomacy)an international agreementagreement;orthodoxy as a consequence of being orthodoxy as a consequence of being conventionalconventional;the act of convening the act of convening大会；协定；惯例；大会；协定；惯例；习俗；约定习俗；约定Convention now allows women to smoke in public.Convention now allows women
38、 to smoke in public.现在习现在习俗允许妇女在公共场所吸烟。俗允许妇女在公共场所吸烟。It is most desirable that he should attend the convention.It is most desirable that he should attend the convention.他他要是能参加此次会议，是最好不过的了。要是能参加此次会议，是最好不过的了。第31页/共44页be supposed toAm I supposed to finish it now?我是不是现在就得完成它？Are you supposed to be in Au
39、stralia now?你现在不是应该在澳大利亚的吗？Students are supposed to go to school every Monday through Friday.学生每星期一至星期五都要去上学。Of course,teachers are not supposed to have favorite students,and they should treat everyone equally.当然，老师是不该有最喜欢的学生的，并且要公平的对待每一个学生。第32页/共44页Paragraph 7When I tried to break out of that role
40、in 1963 and run for the New York State Assembly seat from Brooklyns Bedford-Stuyvesant,the resistance was bitter.From the start of that campaign,I faced undisguised hostility because of my sex.第33页/共44页 Assemblyn.1.a group of machine parts that fit together to form a self-n.1.a group of machine part
41、s that fit together to form a self-contained unit2.the act of constructing something(as a contained unit2.the act of constructing something(as a piece of machinery)3.a public facility to meet for open piece of machinery)3.a public facility to meet for open discussion4.a group of persons gathered tog
42、ether for a discussion4.a group of persons gathered together for a common purpose5.the social act of assemblingcommon purpose5.the social act of assembling装配；集装配；集会，集合会，集合Shall we start with the assembly line?Shall we start with the assembly line?咱们从装配线开始咱们从装配线开始好吗？好吗？Everyone has the right to freed
43、om of peaceful assembly and Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.association.人人有权享有和平集会和结社的自由。人人有权享有和平集会和结社的自由。第34页/共44页 undisguisedadj.plain to see无伪装的；公开的；不戴假面具的From the start of that campaign,I faced undisguised hostility because of my sex.从竞选一开始，我就要面对他们毫不掩饰的对女性的
44、敌意。It is time,sir,to speak the undisguised language of historical truth.阁下，现在该是毫不掩饰地说清楚历史真相的时候了。第35页/共44页hostility a hostile(very unfriendly)dispositiona hostile(very unfriendly)disposition敌意；战争行动敌意；战争行动The dog showed no hostility at first.The dog showed no hostility at first.这只狗一开始毫无敌意。这只狗一开始毫无敌意。h
45、ostilehostile(adj.)characterized by enmity or ill will;very unfriendly(adj.)characterized by enmity or ill will;very unfriendlyTom closed the car window and sat back in his seat,in hostile silence.Tom closed the car window and sat back in his seat,in hostile silence.汤姆关汤姆关上车窗，一声不吭地背靠椅子坐着，心里充满着敌意上车窗，
46、一声不吭地背靠椅子坐着，心里充满着敌意cf.belligerence,belligerentcf.belligerence,belligerent第36页/共44页Paragaph 8But it was four years later,when I ran for Congress,that the question of my sex became a major issue.Among members of my own party,closed meetings were heldd to discuss ways of stopping me第37页/共44页Paragrah 9M
47、y opponent,the famous civil-rights leader James Farmer tried to project a black,masculine image;he toured the neighborhood with sound trucks filled with young men wearing Afro haircuts,dashikis,and beards.While the television crews ignored me,they were not aware of a very important statistic which b
48、oth I and my campaign manager,Wesley Mac D.Holder,knew.In my district there are 2.5 women for every man registered to vote.第38页/共44页project(v.)municate municate vividly He projected his feelingsHe projected his feelings2.p2.put ut on a screen on a screenThe images are projected onto the screenThe im
49、ages are projected onto the screen3 3.cause to be heard.cause to be heard His voice projects wellHis voice projects well4 4.make or work out a plan for;devise.make or work out a plan for;devise5 5.present for consideration.present for consideration6 6.imagine;conceive of;see in ones mind.imagine;con
50、ceive of;see in ones mind7.7.throw,send,or cast forward throw,send,or cast forward project a missileproject a missile第39页/共44页masulinehaving characteristics that are traditionally thought to be having characteristics that are traditionally thought to be typical of or suitable for mentypical of or su