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1、rootthe main cause of a problembe/lie at the root of something(=be the cause of something)Allergies are at the root of a lot of health problems.The love of money is the root of all evil.第1页/共61页evilShe wanted to protect her children from the evils of the outside world.Poverty is one of the greatest
2、social evils of our time.the evils of capitalismThere is too much evil in the world.-evil adj.his evil deeds第2页/共61页greedya greedy and selfish societyHe looked at the gold with greedy eyes.Have you eaten them all,you greedy pig?greedy forThey are greedy for profits.-greedstrong desire for more food,
3、money,power,possessions etc than you need:people motivated by jealousy and greed第3页/共61页financiallyHe was successful and financially secure.Is the project financially viable?-financialfinancial difficulties/problems/crisis 第4页/共61页attract attract somebody to somethingWhat attracted me most to the jo
4、b was the chance to travel.attract attention/interest etcThe story has attracted a lot of interest from the media.-attractiona force which makes things move together or stay together:gravitational attractionThe Law of Attraction第5页/共61页scarcity a situation in which there is not enough of somethingsc
5、arcity ofthe scarcity of employment opportunities第6页/共61页enough/plenty to go aroundenough for each person:Is there enough ice-cream to go around?There were never enough textbooks to go around.第7页/共61页readilyquickly and easily:Boats are readily available to visitors.The information is readily accessi
6、ble on the Internet.第8页/共61页availablesomething that is available is able to be used or can easily be bought or found:Tickets are available from the box office.available toNot enough data is available to scientists.available to do somethingFunds are available to assist teachers who want to attend the
7、 conference.available forNo figures are available for the number of goods sold.readily/widely available(=very easy to obtain)Parking is readily available near the station entrance.-n.availability the availability of affordable housing第9页/共61页abundantan abundant supply of fresh waterabundant opportun
8、ities for well qualified staff-n.abundance There was an abundance of corn last year.At the party there was food in abundance.Abundance thinking 第10页/共61页in truthin fact=really:Early independence leaders were in truth little better than rebels.第11页/共61页universeeverything in the universe Our world is
9、but a small part of the universe.第12页/共61页desire The hotel has everything you could possibly desire.desire to do somethingHe desired to return to Mexico.Add lemon juice if desired.第13页/共61页dream of/about(doing)somethingShe dreamed of becoming a chef.Hes got the sort of money that you and I can only
10、dream about.第14页/共61页scaredscared to do somethingThe boys were scared to cross the street.第15页/共61页meditationYoga involves breathing exercises,stretching,and meditation.She found him sitting alone,deep in meditation.Rob interrupted his fathers meditations.-v.meditatemeditate on/uponShe sat quietly,m
11、editating on the days events.第16页/共61页Spiritually-spiritualrelating to your spirit rather than to your body or mind:Painting helps fill a spiritual need for beauty.spiritual values第17页/共61页donatedonate something to somebody/somethingLast year he donated$1,000 to cancer research.-donationdonation to/
12、fromWould you like to make a donation(=give money)to our charity appeal?第18页/共61页favouriteBritish English;favorite American Englishyour favourite person or thing is the one that you like the most:a childs favourite toyWhats your favourite colour?a favorite spot for picnickers第19页/共61页charitySeveral
13、charities sent aid to the flood victims.All the money raised by the concert will go to charity.-charitablecharitable groupsa charitable donation第20页/共61页oppositeWhats the opposite of optimistic?Shes quite shy,the exact opposite of Becky.I didnt feel sleepy at all-just the opposite,in fact.-prep.The
14、people sitting opposite us looked very familiar.-a.She turned and walked off in the opposite direction.the opposite sex 第21页/共61页subconsciousanger buried deep in the subconscious-adj.a subconscious fear of failureour subconscious desires-conscious,unconsciousI became conscious of someone watching me
15、.第22页/共61页deep downif you know or feel something deep down,you secretly know or feel it even though you do not admit it:He knew,deep down,that he would have to apologise.第23页/共61页in the first place used to talk about the beginning of a situation,or the situation before something happened:Why did you
16、 agree to meet her in the first place?He wouldnt have given you the job in the first place if he didnt think you could do it.第24页/共61页originally The family originally came from France.We originally intended to stay for just a few days.Originally,we had planned a tour of Scotland but we didnt go in t
17、he end.a.originalThe land was returned to its original owner.The original plan was to fly out to New York.n.origin a new theory to explain the origins of the universe第25页/共61页have nothing to do withIm sorry about the accident,but its nothing to do with me(=I am not involved in any way).This question
18、 doesnt have anything to do with the main topic of the survey.Im sure her problems have something to do with what happened when she was a child.第26页/共61页stimulatestimulate growth/demand/the economy etcHer interest in art was stimulated by her father.stimulate somebody to do somethingAn inspiring tea
19、cher can stimulate students to succeed.a.stimulatinga stimulating discussion of world politicsthe stimulating effects of coffee and tea第27页/共61页economya capitalist economythe slowdown in the Japanese economyWe flew economy class.a.economic Economic growth is slow.the governments economic policyEcono
20、mic reform is needed.economicalA small car is more economical to run.good-quality clothes at economical prices第28页/共61页versusthe New York Knicks versus the LA LakersIts a friendly game-the women versus the men.In short:vs.第29页/共61页wherebyby means of which or according to which:a proposal whereby EU
21、citizens would be allowed to reside anywhere in the EUThe mall created a frequent-shopper plan whereby customers earn discounts.第30页/共61页labelThe newspapers had unjustly labelled him a troublemaker.Each bag of seeds is labelled with the growers name.n.a luggage labelIt says Dry clean on the label.第3
22、1页/共61页joyfully-joyfulChristmas is a joyful occasion for children.the joyful news第32页/共61页balancebalance betweenTry to keep a balance between work and play.balance ofPesticides seriously upset the balance of nature.第33页/共61页mindsetThe company seems to have a very old-fashioned mindset.The mindset of
23、 that generation was definitely more obedient than todays.第34页/共61页Phrases Attract intoGo aroundIn truthDream ofBe scared toDonate toDeep downIn the first placeHave nothing to do withStimulate the economy第35页/共61页Writing 第36页/共61页Effective ParagraphsUnity:one central themeCoherence:clear,logical ord
24、erTransition:smooth and natural 37第37页/共61页Unity第38页/共61页Old Georges face is rough.His complexion is leathery and wrinkled.There are pores in the skin that covers his nose and cheeks.His nose,broken twice in his life,makes him look like a boxer who has lost too many fights.He got his nose broken in
25、battles in France during the Second World War.He is said to have been very brave then.His mouth,unless he smiles,looks hard and threatening;but he is seldom seen to smile.His chin is massive and angular.He doesnt shave his face regularly.Shaved or not,his face is rugged.leathery:adj.坚韧的坚韧的 pore:n.毛孔
26、毛孔angular:adj.有角的有角的39第39页/共61页Coherence 第40页/共61页Achieving Coherence Use pronounsRepeat key words or phrasesAvoid pronoun shiftsResort to transitional signals第41页/共61页Avoiding pronoun shiftsYou can make a lot of money selling door-to-door if you have the right personality.A person cant get easily d
27、iscouraged or he or she will have little success.If one is determined and willing to be rejected,you can do quite well.People who make money selling door-to-door realized that rejection is a big part of ones life as a salesperson.you,people,a person,one第42页/共61页Transitional expressionsTo add ideas t
28、ogetherTo show emphasis and clarityTo show similarityTo show contrastTo express cause and effect relationshipTo point out examplesTo draw a conclusion,an inference,or a summaryTo indicate time第43页/共61页Transitional expressionsTo add ideas togetherNina runs a catering company.Also,she plans parties.I
29、dont mind picking up your things from the store.Besides,the walk will do me good.He is old and unpopular.Furthermore,he has at best only two years of political life ahead of him.A new security system was installed.In addition,extra guards were hired.The rent is reasonable,and moreover,the location i
30、s perfect.第44页/共61页Transitional expressionsTo show emphasis and clarityMax is hardworking,cheerful,and above all honest.Prisoners should be treated with respect-they are human beings after all.I know the mayor really well.In fact,I had dinner with her last week.We are hoping to expand our business,p
31、articularly in Europe.第45页/共61页Students Pursuit of Famous BrandsIts human nature to look attractive by possessing some material things,which in modern society tend to be some luxury0band products.Its also a human weakness to judge people by their appearance.The question is:While enjoying the satisfa
32、ction of being appreciated,do you really feel satisfied with yourself deep down?In the process of improving your external image,does it ever occur to you that you may need to pay more attention to your inner part as well?The overall image of a person should mainly be based on personal experience,cha
33、racter,learning,ability and so on.Its a common sense that external causes become operative through internal causes.Only if you grow spiritually and mentally,can your image packaging play a really helpful role in building up your personal image.In other words,let your inside quality match your outsid
34、e image,then your attraction may last longer or forever.As a student,your priority should be improving your inner part.On the other hand,there is nothing wrong in wanting to strengthen your personal attraction by owning some admiring things if you can afford the money and energy.But,try to buy them
35、with your own money instead of exhausting your parents money resources.第46页/共61页take into account the interests of different groups in society.Compare the recent work with the previous onewas not consistent with the statement he made to the policeis irrelevant to the matter being dealt withPlease in
36、form us of any change in your situation第47页/共61页Sam said the sausage was excellent when dipped in mustard.A Frenchman murdered two wives because he didnt like their cooking.Annies dress was old,faded and wrinkled.The need for jobs will make us develop our industries,which causes environmental proble
37、ms.My new running shoes,which cost more than a hundred dollars,fell apart during the marathon.第48页/共61页respond actively to the Presidents request.only his accent sets him(so far)apart from others.I have rarely seen such a beautiful sunset.restore peoples confidence in the national economy.she remark
38、ed on the boys improvement.第49页/共61页Roger plays with rabbits but also hunts them,which is why he likes rabbits.The children gazed at the monkeys hanging by their tails from the branches.Last night I had my first taste of sake,which is a Japanese beverage made from rice.John Wayne who appeared in ove
39、r 200 movies was the biggest box-office attraction of his time.第50页/共61页She glanced at the roomgesturing to me to followOnce the paper is positioned correctlyexpress its views on political issuesIt is vital that medical supplies be delivered to this region第51页/共61页continued to engage in criminal act
40、ivitiesexploit the natural resources have to request permission betrayed her parents trust in her lead to serious consequences第52页/共61页 home is the best place where you can lick your woundsIf only I would have time to review my lessons!be alert to the risks of travelling would enjoy certain privileg
41、es will be the first encounter between the political party leaders第53页/共61页He spread a rumor that the president was going to resign,which led to a great confusion in that country.If left alone on a desert island,what would you do first?Do you still remember those days which/that we spent in Hong Kon
42、g last year?All their belongings,together with the remains of torn-up newspapers,lie scattered over the carpets.It seems that more and more of my friends are facing great challenges in their lives.第54页/共61页 she looks forward to seeing you.If you keep complaining about the lack of work time,will cont
43、ribute to the development of the suburb.reminded her of her hard childhood.we were prepared for the worst第55页/共61页Those who feel privileged to work with him we need security guards in place we can completely assume that he is not in townrefugees may not be able to survive the winter for drivers exce
44、eding the speed limit.第56页/共61页Anybody would feel the same way if he/she had a teacher like mineI read an interesting story about sportsmen in a magazine.The climate in the coastal cities is much warmer than that in the interior ones.Down the hill,the farmhouse came into view.To get ready for the tr
45、ip,he put all the things he needed into a suitcase.第57页/共61页 has called forth an angry response from the local residents.A series of accidents because of the rain is a photographer as well as a talented musician distinguish fact from fiction第58页/共61页 on her feet again has brought about many changes
46、walked out on her should have fought back fell into desperation第59页/共61页Larry picked up a hitchhiker who was travelling around the world.Jack was listening to the stereo and Linda was reading in bed when the power line snapped.When I returned to school after a long illness,the math teacher gave me m
47、akeup work and the history teacher made me drop her course.Jane wanted to attend the event,but she had to work a double shift,because several of her coworkers called in sick.My car does not start on cold mornings.I think the battery needs to be replaced because I already had it recharged once and I dont think charging it again would help.第60页/共61页感谢您的观看！第61页/共61页