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1、Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University关于抗高血压药&利尿药第一页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic
2、Medicine,Tianjin Medical University高血压的判定标准1978年 WHO建 议:成 年 人 正 常 血 压 为140/90mmHg,160/95mmHg为高血压,之间者为临界性高血压。1990年WHO抗高血压指南中规定的标准:成年人正常血压为140/90mmHg,超过此称为高血压。1999年WHO-国际高血压学会规定:成年人血压140/90mmHg即诊断为高血压。第二页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment
3、of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University高血压病的病生理改变:早期:全身细小动脉平滑肌张力增加,管腔变小,血压升高。长期:血压持续升高引起全身细小动脉增生硬化,管壁弹性下降,管腔狭窄,使高血压进一步加剧。第三页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin M
4、edical University高血压分类:1、按病因分类 原发性高血压 (90-95%)继发性高血压 又称症状性高血压,是某些疾病的一部分症状2、按舒张压和主要器官受累程度分类 轻度:104mmHg 休息后可恢复,无脏器病变 中度:105-114mmHg 血压持续在较高水平,休息后不恢复,脏器有轻度病变 重度:115mmHg 血压持续在较高水平并伴有明显的脏器病变和功能异常第四页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharma
5、cology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University第五页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University高血压的两种特殊的类型:高血压脑病 hypertensive encephalopathy 高血压病人突然发生剧烈头痛、恶心、呕吐、昏迷、惊厥。血压
6、高达200/120 mmHg以上者,称高血压脑病。高血压危象 hypertension crisis 指全身小动脉暂时性强烈痉挛,致使血压急剧上升。第六页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University高血压的治疗目标1、一般高血压人群:血压 140/90 mmHg 2、老年高血压患者:血压 150/90 mmHg3
7、、糖尿病及肾病患者:血压 130/80 mmHg第七页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University高血压的非药物治疗(改变生活方式)戒烟坚持适量体力活动膳食适当限制钠、脂肪摄入量增加蔬菜、水果节制饮酒保持正常体重、肥胖者减轻体重讲究心理卫生应认真持久地落实上述措施,即使已接受药物治疗者亦不容松懈,并持之以恒。第八
8、页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University高血压患者占全国人口比例及患者类型图第九页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology
9、,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University第十页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University第十一页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical
10、 UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University抗高血压药分类:作作用用于于中中枢枢神神经经系系统统药药:可乐定、莫索尼定,-甲基多巴 神经节阻断药神经节阻断药:美加明,咪噻芬 影响肾上腺素能神经递质药:影响肾上腺素能神经递质药:利血平,胍乙啶 肾上腺素受体阻断药肾上腺素受体阻断药-受体阻断药:哌唑嗪-受体阻断药:普萘洛尔、-受体阻断药:拉贝洛尔扩血管药:肼屈嗪钙拮抗药:硝苯地平利尿药:氢氯噻嗪、氯噻酮影响RAA-S药:卡托普利、氯沙坦第十二页,讲稿共九十一页哦De
11、partment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University中枢中枢神经节神经节神经末梢神经末梢受体受体效应器效应器受体受体受体受体血管血管肾脏肾脏ACEI:ACEI:卡托普利;卡托普利;ARB:ARB:洛沙坦洛沙坦利尿剂:氢氯噻嗪利尿剂:氢氯噻嗪作用于中枢的药物:可乐定作用于中枢的药物:可乐定作用于神经节的药物:美加明作用于神经节的药物:美加明影响
12、神经递质的药物:利血平影响神经递质的药物:利血平受体阻断药:哌唑嗪受体阻断药:哌唑嗪受体阻断药:普萘洛尔受体阻断药:普萘洛尔直接扩血管药:肼屈嗪直接扩血管药:肼屈嗪钙通道阻断药:硝苯地平钙通道阻断药:硝苯地平钾通道开放剂:米诺地尔钾通道开放剂:米诺地尔第十三页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University作用于中枢
13、神经系统药作用于中枢神经系统药:可乐定 clonidine(氯压定)莫索尼定 moxonidine -甲基多巴 -methyldopa第十四页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University可乐定clonidine作用及机制 降压作用降压作用 机制:机制:1、激动延脑孤束核抑制性神经元突触后膜2受 体,导致外周交感神
14、经活动抑制,血压下降。2、激动外周突触前膜2受体,引起NA释放的负 反馈作用,NA释放减少3、激 动 延 脑 腹 外 侧 核 的 I1-咪 唑 啉 受 体,致 外 周 交 感神经活性降低,血压下降。抑制胃肠道的分泌和运动 用于高血压伴溃疡者更合适。中枢神经系统镇静作用 与激动中枢2受体有关。第十五页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Med
15、ical University不良反应多见有口干、恶心、眩晕等,久用可引起水钠潴留(使肾血流量减少引起),合用利尿药可对抗。停药过快可引起交感神经亢进症状,如血压,心悸等。第十六页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University原理以激动中枢2受体为主,也可减少肾素的释放。对肾血流量影响小,因此对肾性高血压或伴有肾功
16、能不良的高血压患者尤为合适。不良反应:常见嗜睡、口干、眩晕、注意力不集中。少数人有粒细胞,肝毒性、狼疮样综合征。-甲基多巴的特点第十七页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University莫索尼定为第二代中枢性降压药机制为激动I1-咪唑啉受体降低外周交感活性,从而降低外周阻力,产生降压作用对心输出量无影响无明显中枢性镇静
17、作用 适用于轻中度高血压。不良反应轻第十八页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University可乐定可乐定2受体受体2咪唑啉受体咪唑啉受体蓝斑核蓝斑核唾液腺唾液腺NTSRVLM口干口干镇静镇静抑制交感神经活性抑制交感神经活性NA释放减少释放减少血压下降血压下降甲基多巴甲基多巴莫索尼定莫索尼定NTS:孤束核孤束核;RVL
18、M:延髓嘴端腹外侧区延髓嘴端腹外侧区第十九页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University神经节阻断药特点降压作用强大迅速作用广泛,副作用多仅在高血压急症,或在麻醉中发挥控制性降压作用(如脑外科和血管手术时,低血压可减少出血)时使用。药物常用的有:美加明,咪噻芬第二十页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of
19、pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University影响肾上腺素能神经递质药 利血平 reserpine 胍乙啶 guanethidine第二十一页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacol
20、ogy,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University利血平作用及机制利血平作用及机制降压作用 缓慢、温和而持久 机制:与囊泡膜上的胺泵结合,抑制胺类的转运,使去甲肾上腺素能神经末梢内递质耗竭。1)阻止囊泡对递质的再摄取 2)阻止多巴胺进入囊泡 3)损害囊泡膜镇静、安定作用第二十二页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic
21、Medicine,Tianjin Medical University不良反应常见有鼻塞、乏力、胃酸分泌、腹泻中枢神经系统反应如嗜睡、抑郁症等。第二十三页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University胍乙啶特点降压作用强大而持久,外周阻力,同时伴有重要脏器供血不足及水钠潴留。机制:胍乙啶阻止递质释放;使递质耗竭;作
22、为假递质储存在囊泡中应用:用于中、重度高血压不良反应 体位性低血压最常见,也有眩晕、乏力、腹泻等。禁用于心、脑、肾供血不足者。第二十四页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University肾上腺素受体阻断药-受体阻断药:哌唑嗪-受体阻断药:普萘洛尔 、-受体阻断药:拉贝洛第二十五页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department
23、of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University-受体阻断药哌唑嗪(prazosin)特拉唑嗪(terazosin)多沙唑嗪(doxagosin)曲马唑嗪(trimagosin)第二十六页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical Universi
24、tyDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University哌唑嗪(prazosin)作用及机制1受体阻断小动脉、小静脉扩张血压药物特点:因不影响突触前膜2受体,NA释放的负反馈作用依然存在,因此一般不增加心率和肾素活性;降压时对肾血流量影响不大长期应用可改善脂类代谢,使TG、LDL、VLDL均降低,HDL升高。应用各型高血压及伴发肾功能不良者。不良反应一般较轻、较少首剂效应(firstdosephenomenon)首次给药出现严重的体位性低血压、眩晕、出汗、心悸,甚至晕厥、意识消失,尤其在首剂
25、大于1mg时出现。避免方法:首剂减半;睡前服用第二十七页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University受体阻断药普萘洛尔 propranolol,心得安美托洛尔 metoprolol,倍它乐克阿替洛尔 atenolol,氨酰心安吲哚洛尔 pindolol纳多洛尔 nadolol第二十八页,讲稿共九十一页哦Depar
26、tment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University受体阻断药作用机制1受体阻断 心率,心收缩力 心输出量 血压肾小球旁器1受体阻断 肾小球旁细胞分泌肾素 血管紧张素,醛固酮 血管扩张,水钠潴留 血压交感神经突触前膜2受体阻断 递质释放的正反馈作用 NA释放 血压(突触前膜2受体兴奋,促使NA释放)心血管中枢受体阻断 外周交感神经张力 血压第二十九
27、页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University受体阻断药应用广泛的用于治疗高血压,疗效很好,对伴有心输出量,肾素活动,有心绞痛和脑血管病者效果更好。注意此药个体差异大,要根据情况试量给药,停药要缓慢。第三十页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic M
28、edicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University、受体阻断药卡维地洛降压作用迅速,维持时间长具有抗氧化,改善血管内皮的作用拉贝洛尔(labetalol)降压作用温和,适用于各型高血压。静脉给药用于高血压危象。不良反应为头疼、无力 第三十一页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepar
29、tment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University血管扩张药肼屈嗪 hydralazine硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside)米诺地尔(minoxidil)二氮嗪(diazoxide)酮舍林(ketanserin)第三十二页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Med
30、icine,Tianjin Medical University肼屈嗪hydralazine药理作用及机制直接作用于小动脉,使血管扩张。降压特点:起效快、效果好,维持时间长,降压同时不减少心、脑、肾血流量,甚至有所增加。但常反射性的引起心率,心收缩力,易诱发心绞痛及心衰应用中度高血压,联合用药效果更好不良反应较多,有消化道不适、血管扩张性头痛等,长期使用还可发生全身性狼疮样综合征,严重者引起死亡。第三十三页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartme
31、nt of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University硝普钠Sodiumnitroprusside理化性质 不稳定,遇光及强碱分解药理作用及机制:舒张小动脉及静脉,降低外周血管阻力。硝普钠硝普钠第三十四页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical
32、University降压特点 起效快,维持时间短心率轻度增加肾血流量和肾小球滤过率不变或稍降肾素分泌增加应用 用于高血压危象的治疗不良反应 恶心、呕吐、心悸、头痛,为过度降压所致。长期或大剂量使用可致氰化物蓄积,应检测血中氰化物浓度。第三十五页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University米诺地尔(minoxidi
33、l,长压定)作用及机制 降压作用强大、持久。机制:钾通道开放 钾离子外流 细胞膜超极化 使电压依赖性钙通道难以开放 钙内流 平滑肌细胞内钙 平滑肌松弛 血压。应用 一般用于难治性严重的高血压。与利尿药和-受体阻断药合用可避免水钠潴留和交感神经反射性兴奋。不良反应 水肿发生率高(25-50%),多毛症,其他有头痛、乏力、心悸体位性低血压等。第三十六页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of B
34、asic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University酮舍林(ketanserin)通过阻断外周的受体、5-HT受体,血管扩张,以及抑制中枢5-HT受体产生降压作用。同时抑制5-HT引起的血小板聚集。适用于各型高血压,包括急症。不良反应 头痛、头晕、疲劳感、消化不良等第三十七页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin M
35、edical University钙拮抗药硝苯地平 nifedipine(心痛定)氨氯地平 amlodiping(洛活喜)非洛地平 felodipine(波依定)尼群地平 nitrendipine尼卡地平 nixardipine第三十八页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University第三十九页,讲稿共九十一页哦De
36、partment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University硝苯地平(nifedipine)药理作用及应用 对高血压患者有降压作用,对正常血压无作用。但降压同时引起心率快、心输出量大、肾素活性增高。降压特点:降压程度与原高血压程度呈正比,可用于各型高血压,如与利尿药或-受体阻断药合用则更安全有效。不良反应 常见头痛、眩晕、脸部潮红、心悸 踝水肿第四十
37、页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University利尿药氢氯噻嗪,吲达帕胺(寿比山)作用及机制 治疗高血压的常规用药,单用治疗轻症,与其它抗高血压药联合,能增强其降压效果,减少用药量和副作用。机制:1 1、早期排钠利尿,使血容量、早期排钠利尿,使血容量,血压,血压。2 2、长期用药(一般、长期用药(一般3-43-4周
38、)小动脉壁细胞内钠周)小动脉壁细胞内钠,钠钠-钙交换使细胞内钙钙交换使细胞内钙,血管扩张,血压,血管扩张,血压。应用应用 中效利尿药氢氯噻嗪用的比较广,高效利尿中效利尿药氢氯噻嗪用的比较广,高效利尿药仅用于高危及有慢性肾衰的高血压患者。药仅用于高危及有慢性肾衰的高血压患者。第四十一页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical Uni
39、versity影响肾素-血管紧张素系统的药物ACEI类:卡托普利 Captopril 依那普利 enalapril 赖诺普利 lisinopril 苯那普利 benazeprilAng-II受体阻断药:洛沙坦losartan,氯沙坦 缬沙坦 valsartan第四十二页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University
40、ACEI药理作用及机制抑制血浆RAS抑制局部组织RAS抑制激肽释放酶-激肽系统保护器官影响脂质代谢第四十三页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University第四十四页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical
41、 UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University第四十五页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University第四十六页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,
42、School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University卡托普利Captopril(开搏通)应用 对肾性高血压,降压作用迅速而明显;对其他型高血压也可以用,降压作用缓慢而温和。可防止和逆转高血压患者血管壁的增厚和心肌细胞增生肥大,使高血压及心衰死亡率下降。不良反应 低血压、咳嗽、高血钾,其他还有发热、皮疹、味觉障碍、白细胞减少。致畸。第四十七页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pha
43、rmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityARB的临床应用治疗高血压改善左心室心肌肥厚治疗充血性心衰治疗心肌梗死延缓肾脏病变的发展第四十八页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacolog
44、y,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University氯沙坦losartan,(科素亚)强效选择性AT1受体可逆性阻断药。作用 可阻断AngII介导的血管收缩、醛固酮释放、以及拮抗AngII的促细胞生长作用。不良反应 不良反应轻而短暂,耐受性好,不引起咳嗽,但仍禁用于妊娠者。第四十九页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic M
45、edicine,Tianjin Medical University替米沙坦(美卡素)阻断AT1激动PPAR增加胰岛素的敏感性且不引起水钠潴留及致肥胖作用降压特点:强效、长效、平稳第五十页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University降血压药物的评价原则疗效确切,使血压降至正常范围 长效、低毒、不产生耐药性24小时
46、内降压作用平稳可逆转心血管重构:左室肥厚、中层/管腔 比可改善肾功能可提高生活质量可与其他抗高血压药方便联合应用降低心血管并发症和死亡率价格便宜第五十一页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University抗高血压药的应用原则:有效治疗与终生治疗根据病情选药保护靶器官根据合并症选药采用个体化治疗方案联合用药平稳降压左心室
47、肥厚:ACEI,ARB,CCB肾脏:ACEI,ARB,CCB第五十二页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University不同抗高血压药物的正性联合利尿剂利尿剂利尿剂利尿剂ARBARBCCBCCBACEIACEI-受体阻滞剂受体阻滞剂受体阻滞剂受体阻滞剂-受体阻滞剂受体阻滞剂:表达最合理的联合表达最合理的联合实线表示肯定
48、合理的联合实线表示肯定合理的联合第五十三页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University根据病情选药轻度高血压,采取运动,调节饮食;如无效可选用利尿药中度高血压,在上述基础上加受体阻断剂、钙拮抗剂及ACEI重度高血压,加胍乙啶或米诺地尔高血压危象及高血压脑病,硝普钠iv第五十四页,讲稿共九十一页哦Departmen
49、t of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University根据合并症选药合并肾衰者:宜用卡托普利、硝苯地平、甲基多巴、肼屈嗪、哌唑嗪合并心衰、心脏扩大者:宜用利尿药、硝苯地平、AECI、哌唑嗪合并溃疡者:宜用可乐定;不宜用利血平合并支气管哮喘者:不宜用-受体阻断药合并糖尿病者:不宜用噻嗪类、二氮嗪合并痛风病者:不宜用噻嗪类合并精神抑郁者:不宜用利血平妊娠高血压:
50、禁用ACEI类、氯沙坦第五十五页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical University56利尿药和脱水药DiureticsandOsmoticDiuretics第五十六页,讲稿共九十一页哦Department of pharmacology,School of Basic Medicine,Tianjin Medical