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1、第十六章定语从句初中知识回顾回顾：定语从句定语从句所修饰的词叫作先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫作关系代词 (that,which,who,whom,whose)或关系副词(when,where),关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起 联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。1 .通常只能用that的情况(1)当先行词是不定代词 all,fcw,littlc,much,somcthing.anything,nothing5cvcrything 等时。(2)先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被 all,any,every,each,few,little,no,som
2、e,the only,the very,the last 等修 饰时。(3)如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词Ihat。2 .通常只用which的情况(I)引导非限定性定语从句，用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。(2)引导非限定性定语从句，而且先行词指物时只能用which,不用that(3)如果句中有两个定语从句，如果两个从句都可以用that引导，那么其中一个应改用which引导。3 .who,whom与whose引导的定语从句如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,one
3、s,those,all(指人)等作先行词，作主语用 who,作宾语用whom,不用which.o在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用who,作宾语用whom,不用whicho(3)在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whose,它相当于thc+名词+of+which/whom;非限制性定语从句 中还有“代词/数词+of+、vhich八vhom”结构。4 .关系副词where,when与why引导的定语从句它们相当于“介词+which”,其中 where=in/at+which;when=at/in/during+which;why=for+whicho5 .介词+关系代词当关系代词作介词的宾语，
4、且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介 词+关系代词先行词指物，用“介词+which”,指人则用“介词+whom”,且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的 选择要遵循两个原则：根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定；根据先行词的特殊用法而定。Lit is the same with our lives. Those choose to live in peace must help their neighbors to live in peace.2 .“Anyone has heard about Seattles train may think this
5、is kind of fim/McKaulay said.3 .Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience people cannot get at home.4 .Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything comes into sight is so new to.-Why dont you like fishing?Fishing is a hobby needs much
6、patience,but Im not patient at all.5 .Running Man is a very relaxing TV program is hot among the young people.高中定语从句一.定义定语从句：在句子中起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句。先行词：被修饰的名词或代词。结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句强者连接主从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用二.关系代词引导的定语从句who/that： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（在从句中作主语和宾语）冼行词为是人的名
7、词或代词whom ： He is （he man whom/who/ that I saw yesterday.（在从句中作宾语）whose： They rushed over （o help （he man whose car had broken down.（在从句中作定语）which/that: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears 、先行词是事物的名词或代诃（在从句中作主语和宾语）in the countryside.The package （which /that） you are carrying
8、is about to fall down.whose: Please pass me the book whose （of which the） cover is green.（在从句中作定语）考点一考查关系代词引导的定语从句1. A person e-mail account is fiill wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.（天津卷）A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. whoever2. Many children,parents are away working in big cities, are taken goo
9、d care of in the village.（安徽卷）A. theirB. whoseC. of themD. with whom3. My friend showed me round the town,was very kind of him.（全国 II）A. which B. that C. where D. it4. Whenever I met her,was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.（山东卷）A. who B. which C. when D. that三.关系副词引导的定语从句when: There
10、are occasions when （on which ） one must yield. （介词 + which）先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词where: Beijing is the place where （in which） I was bom.（关系副词在从句中作状语）四.判断关系代词与关系副词，L用关系代词，还是关系副词完全 取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词 后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词； 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。2.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 （主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。四.判断关系代词与关系副词，L用关系代词，还是关系副词完全
11、取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词 后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词； 而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。2.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 （主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。why: Is this the reason why （for which ） he refused our offer?1. This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.2. This is （he mountain village （which） I visited last year.3. Til never forget the
12、 days when I worked together with you.4. Ill never forget the days （which ） I spent in the countryside.1. This museum isyou visited a few days ago.2. This is the museumthe exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on which D. the one关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、 宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, who
13、se）：先行词 在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时 间状语，why原因状语）考点一考查关系副词引导的定语从句1. Mozarts birthplace and the house he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now.（上海卷）A. whereB. whenC. thereD. which2. Its help fill to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.（福建卷）A. thatB. whenC. wh
14、ichD. where3. Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.（重庆卷）A. whyB. whatC. thatD. where4. Shell never fbrget her stay there,she found her son who had gone missing two years befbre.（四川卷）A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when5. Because of （he financial crisis, days are gone loca
15、l 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A. ifB. whenC. whichD. since五.关系代词that的用法1）不用that的情况a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：（错）The tree, that is four hundred years old. is very famous here.b）介词后不能用。例如：We depend on the land from which we get our food.我们依赖土地获得食物。We depend on （he land that/which we get our f
16、ood from.2）只能用chat作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a）在there be句型中，只用that,不用which。b）在不定代词,如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行词时，只用 that,不用 which oIs there anything that I can do for you?All （hat is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen （o
17、（he police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给 了警察c）先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。My necklace is not the only thing that is missing.d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.The first thing that we should do is to get some food.e)先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：The writer and h
18、is novel that you have just talked about are really well known.六.定语从句中只用which而不用that情况当关系代词前有介词时：This is the house of which the windows face south.引导非限制性定语从句只用Which。which可代表先行词或者前句，译成“这一点，这件事”。Tom came back, which made us happy.His dog, which was very old, became ill.先行词是that, those且指物时，关系词用which(Wh
19、ats that which was bright in the car?一个句子两个定语从句，为避免重复，一个用that,另一个用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.随堂练习一.单句填空1.1 n 1984,Dr. Mary Groda-Lewis, was thirty-five years old then, graduated with honors and realized her drcam.2.He said, U.I added a
20、 small moustache, would add age without hiding my expression/3.The act, forbids trading, was passed in 1448 and is still in force.4.Our office wasnt far from Chinatown, I found some very good Chinese restaurants.5 .As more and more people own private cars, parking has become a big headache for many
21、car owners, especially fbr those live in downtown areas without enough parking spaces.6 .Nov millions of fans are eagerly awaiting its eighth and final season, starts on April 14.7 .After living in Australia fbr many ycars,Louise finally returned to the country she was born.8/rhcrc arc perhaps 40 mi
22、llion competitive tabic tennis players and many ordinary people play lessseriously.9 .He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man work and legacy will live on fbr many years.10 .That is an Oxford college,famous graduates include the late Benazir Bhutto.1 l.But it,s not like many other countrie
23、s there seems to be tension among the different cultures.12 .Then, a fire, broke out in 1969 on Clevelands Cuyahoga River, shed light on the problem of chemical pollution in water.13 .Pupils, usually come from the fifth or sixth grade, are divided into different teams and try to write down every wor
24、d according to its pronunciation.14.1 am already looking forward to their next visit I can show them more of what Seville offers.二.单句改错15.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance Examination, that makes me worried.16.1 have an American friend, Marianne,she lives alone but has a pct
25、 dog, Sparky.17.In the year 2013 which I was 15,1 joined an exchange student program.18.Its a black square suitcase, what is just as big as a schoolbag.19.When I was 12, I met Mary. She came to China with her parents, whom taught English in a un iversity.There was a lime 1 I was tired of learning En
26、glish and disliked speaking English.And this was the reason 2_my father forced me to join in a 30-day (raining in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club, 3 I met many strangers,! missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.For
27、tunately,my guide, 4 teacher was Yu Minhong,communicated with me face to face,from 5_I gained some useful instructions.He also introduced a good partner to me,and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would talk to other teenagers and set down a series o
28、f activities 6 we did.I should be grateful to my father and (he guide, 7 encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn Englishjnto 8 I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Befbre I go to sleep.I recal
29、l the passages,through 9 I can memorize a large number of new words. 10 our English teacher says,“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance,you will master English sooner or later.” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.Xiamen, 1 (lie) in Fujian Province, is a famous
30、coastal city. As far as Im concerned, Xiamen is very clean and pretty. In that city, we can enjoy the clear sky, the beautiful sea, 2 green tropical plants. 3 Xiamen is in the southeast of China and close to the sea, its neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. The best seasons to go to Xia
31、men are both spring and summer. Besides, 4 are some famous tourist sites in Xiamen. And the most beautiful scenic spot is Gulangyu Island. We can visit foreign buildings, nice gardens, beautiful parks, and (raditional museums there. 5 we are in Xiamen, 6 we cant miss is to go to Gulangyu Island, 7 w
32、e wont have a good time.However, in recent years, Xiamen has become a lot more modern 8 it used to be. Nowadays, more and more skyscrapers and shopping malls have been built, 9 makes Xiamen a wonderful city for sightseeing and shopping. So I 10 (eager) wish to spend my summer holiday there next time
33、.Next year if I have enough time and money, I plan to have a nice sightseeing tour in Xiamen with my close friends. I hope we can spend the happiest time together there.五短文改错One month before, with the College Entrance Examination around the comer, I was nervous but in low spirits because of my perfo
34、rmance was poor. I was at a loss and on the point of giving up while my head teacher comforted me and discussed with me the reasons where I failed in the exam. More unforgettably, he managed to help with my study and also inspired me. Determined to live to expectations of my teachers or parents, I devoted myself to solve all the problems in my study and then made progress. Im more than grateful for that he has done for me, from whom Ive got to know it is never too late to get back when there is still hope.