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1、选择性必修第三册练习Unit 4 Adversity and CourageReading and Thinkingi.单词填空Everyone thinks this young man is q（符合资格的）to do this job.1. I was so e（热情的）about the idea of going aboard on his shipThe system will automatically a（分派）an QR code to each family.2. The sailors spent three months a（在船上）.3. Here we offer
2、thousands of quality b（毯 子）to the victims in the earthquake.4. When we gave the nurse a bottle of milk, she gave us a g （真正的）,sweet smile or of thanks.5. The report shows the Swiss are among the worlds top w （工资）earners.6. A b （刺骨的；极冷的）wind accompanied by heavy snow attacked the beggar in the early
3、morning.7. The c （船员）finally landed the plane on the wing on the runway.8. Some countries e（羡慕）us getting rid of poverty with great efforts.n .选词填空.keep up out of envyset off turn down well and trulyI was ashamed when I realized what I had done hurt her so much.1. Her rude attitude toward me was.2.
4、In the face of challenge, we should a positive slate of mind instead of being depressed.3. Im sorry to your offer but I have to prepare for the coming exam.4. Last month, the bad news about the company a wave of selling its share.III.阅读理解AIn 2007, Jamie Whitmore was considered as one of the most suc
5、cessful athletes in America.However, everything changed during a competition that seemed like many others she had conquered. As a professional athlete, Whitmore was used to suffering, but she never imagined the pain in her leg could be a deadly(4) A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者作为一位母亲，她用自己的经历对女儿们的未来提出了一 些宝贵
6、的建议。比如要努力，思维要开放，根据自己的特长不断调整自己，找到适合自己的职业。不要害 怕困难，遇到困难要敢于向他人求助。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节 信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的But I also want you to understand that realizing your dreams comes from hard work, some good luck and good timing. ； 以及第二段“Girls, here are some words
7、of wisdom as you make your way in the world from an entrepreneur and from your mama. ”可知，作者想让她的女儿们明白实现梦想不 仅要有好运气、好时机，更要努力。因此作为一个企业家的妈妈想给她们一些建议。也就是对孩子们的未 来提出一些建议。故选C。(2)考查细节理解。根据第一个建议中的“Be open-minded to changing your path (even several times) along the way.以及Keep an open mind; the initial path you c
8、hoose may lead you into other areas. “可知，作者认为一个人 应该愿意改变自己的职业道路。故选(3)考查推理判断。根据第二条建议中的“Failing the big math exam in high school and going to summer school was embarrassing. I eventually passed, and Ive never failed an exam again. I learned from that experience to ask for help. Now, I ask for help in b
9、usiness all the time. ”可知，作者在高中数学大考不及格，只好上暑期班(寻 求帮助)，才通过考试。从那次经历中懂得要寻求帮助。现在，我一直在商业上寻求帮助。可推断，失败时 要学会(向他人)寻求帮助，才能成功，从而得出寻求帮助很重要。故选B。(4)考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了作为母亲的作者对女儿们的未来提出了一些建议，比如要 努力，思维要开放，根据自己的特长不断调整自己，找到适合自己的职业。不要害怕困难，遇到困难要敢 于向他人求助。可以看出作者做事灵活(flexible)。由文章中“Figure out what you are good at and what y
10、ou are passionate about.弄清楚你擅长什么，对什么充满激情。可推断作者是一个有激情的人，故选A。C【答案】(I) AB(2) BD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者带领一个国际女子探险队在南极探险，途中作者的雪橇被 雪卡住，以致掉队。后来作者经过努力克服危机，赶上了队伍的故事。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节 信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Our aim was to be the most international all-fem
11、ale team to reach the South Pole”我们的目标是成为到达南极的最国际化女了团队，可知They were all female全员女性是这支队伍的特 殊之处。故选A。(2)考杳细节理解。根据第五段中的“My strength increased when I thought of a cold lonely death.”当我想到自 己在寒冷和孤独中死去时我的力量增加了，可知她强烈的求生欲望给了她动力。故选(3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“For the rest of the day, each of the team was glancing over th
12、eir shoulder every few minutes”在剩下的日子里，每隔几分钟每个队员都会偷偷瞄一眼彼此，得知是为了确认没人掉队。 故选Bo(4)考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了作者在探险途中掉队遇险的经历。故选D。IV【答案】1. E； 2. D； 3. C； 4. F； 5. G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何获取勇气来战胜内心的恐惧。【点评】考杳七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解 和推理判断能力。I.根据空后“Or it says that we don*t have the ability to create t
13、he life or world we want to have. 或者说我们没有 能力创造我们想要的生活或世界，可知E. But a voice within us pipes up saying that theres no point.但是我们 内部有个声音说。符合语境，故选E。2 .根据空后的“Instead, wc can choose to accept fear as part of the process of change and practice courage. “可知， 作者不赞成“把恐惧看成不好的事情并在它一出现时就消灭它”的做法，并给出了“接受恐惧并锻炼胆量”的建
14、议。D. Dont see fear as bad or try to remove it when it arises.“不要把恐惧看成是坏事，也不要在它出现的时候 试图消除它。“符合语境，故选D。3 .根据空前its actually a practice that can be learned fbr dealing with difficulty”实际上这是一种应对困难的练 习，C. In other words, courage can become a habit.”换句话说，勇气可以成为一种习惯。”符合语境，故选C。 4.根据空前“Sometimes we adopt appro
15、aches to removing il.”有时候我们采取一些策略来消灭它，但是作者认 为这只是暂时的解脱，并不能真正地赶走这个批评家。F. While wc can get temporary relief, they dont actually make the critic go away 虽然我们可以得到暂时的缓解，但他们并没有真的赶走批评家。”符合语境，故选F。5 .根据本段内容可知，作者给出的建议是：和同样珍视勇气的人在一起；以及空后“courageous communities” 即指 G 项中提至 lj 的like-minded people who also honor th
16、e values of courage, G. Surround yourself withlike-minded people who also honor the values of courage. “周围都是志同道合的人，他们尊重勇气的价值观。” 符合语境，故选G。V【答案】46. C： 47. B； 48. A： 49. D； 50. D； 51. A； 52. A； 53. C； 54. B； 55. C： 56. B； 57. A：58. B； 59. D； 60. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一人一狗开车去加油却身陷大雪之中，积雪深厚无法前行，他 们只能靠现有的条
17、件保证生存，直到5天之后被人发现才终于获救的故事。【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，连词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查， 是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理， 从而选出正确答案。46 .句意：一切都始于上周日，Taylor带着他的狗去给他的车加油。A： truck“卡车”；B： bus“公交车”：C： car “汽车”；D： boat“船下文中多次出现his car,所以事件是关于他的汽车。故选C。47 .句意：Taylor告诉警方他的车困在雪里了。A： broken“破碎的；B： stuck“卡住的；C： los
18、t“丢失的”; D： changed ”改变的根据下文中“he was trapped in the snow”,可知是指车陷在了雪里,get stuck固定短语， “卡住”。故选.句意：过了一段时间，他睡着了，然后在周一醒过来，发现雪更大了。A： fell asleep“睡着”；B： took risks”冒 险”；C： tried out“尝试”；D： kept on “坚持”。与下文的woke up对应可知，是指他睡着了。故选A。48 .句意：过了一段时间,他睡着了,然后在周一醒过来,发现雪更大了。A： also也”;B： 4most“几乎”;C： still“仍然”；D： even “
19、甚至”。下文指出他已经不能从车里出来了，可以推断雪下得更大了，要用even 表示句意的递进。故选D。49 .句意：他在周一尽力想走出来，但雪太深了很难步行。A： put“放“；B： call”大喊，打电话；C： break打 破“；D： walk “走，步行”。下文表明雪太深了，可见是很难走出去的。walk out“走出故选D。50 .句意:他在周一尽力想走出来，但雪太深了很难步行。A： difficult“困难的；B： boring“无聊的”；C： cruel“残忍的；D： possible“可能的“。既然是雪太深了，想要在上面步行应该是比较艰难的。故选A。51 .句意：所以他和他的狗回到了
20、车上。A： relumed返回”；B： pointed“指向”；C： lended趋向于“；D： appealed “吸引”。根据上文，发现雪中走路很困难，Taylor应该会选择回到车上再想办法。故选A。52 .句意：根据报道，到周三一份寻找Taylor的启事就被贴了出来。A： learning“学习”；B： working“工作”； C： missing”失踪的”;D： traveling “旅行根据语境可知,Taylor从周口出去，到周三己经好几天没有回去 了，自然会被人认为是失踪了。故选C。53 .句意：在Taylor被困在雪中后接下来的几天里。A： until“直到”：B： after
21、”在.之后”；C： before在.之前；D： unless“除非”。根据下文“求生过程”来看，这些事都发生在Taylor被困在雪中之后。故选B。54 .句意：他告诉警方说他通过一遍遍地给车打火来保持温暖。A： clean“干净的；B： cosy“舒适的”；C： wami“温暖的；D： mild“温和的”。根据语境可知，Taylor被困在严寒大雪中是一定要保障温度和食物的。 故选C。55 .句意：他把带的卷饼酱当作食物来吃。A： bought“购买”；B： ate吃掉”；C： made制作“；D： borrowed“借 用“。既然是“作为食物”，显然是吃掉了。故选B。56 .句意：周五，一个滑
22、雪者拨打了 911说他们发现了 Tayloro A： seen“看见”；B： saved拯救，节省”；C： known“知道”；D： paid “付钱”。滑雪者报告警方就是因为看到了 Taylor。故选A。57 .句意：警方立刻派一辆工程车去把Taylor和他的狗挖出来。A： send“发送”；B： dig“挖”；C： pick”摘， 捡”：D： tick “打勾”。根据上文车辆困在雪里的事实，这里应该指要把车从雪里挖出来。dig out固定短语, “挖出来”，故选B。58 .句意：警官说他们只是“在雪里困了 5天后很饿5 A： expedition”探险，远征”;B： typhoon“台风”
23、;C： thunderstorm“雷雨;D： snow“雪。显然这里指在大雪中被困了五天。故选D。59 .句意:Taylor对帮助他的人很感激。A： desperate“绝望的；B： genuine“真诚的，真正的“；C： thankful感 激的“；D： ashamed “羞愧的”。于情于理Tayloi都应该对于帮助他的人表示感谢，毕竟是救了他的命。故选 C.VI【答案】16. to prevent； 17. After； 18. have been living： 19. oldest： 20. a： 21. scientifically； 22. where： 23. construct
24、ion； 24. visitors： 25. hanging【解析】【分析】本文是篇说明文，介绍了成都都江堰水利工程的建造过程、世界地位、历史价值以及该 工程的现状。【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，介词，时态，形容词，冠词，副词，定语从句，名词 以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系， 并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。16.句意：李冰和他的儿子一起，决定在岷江上建造一个灌溉系统以阻止洪水。根据语境可知，李冰和他 的儿子在岷江设计灌溉系统的目的是阻止洪水在成都泛滥，此处应用动词不定式表示目的，故填to p
25、revento 17.句意：在经过长期调研和地方群众的许多努力之后，都江堰水利工程完工。a丘cr在之后”，此处介 词短语作时间状语，故填After。18 .句意：从那时起，成都平原不再受洪水侵扰，人们一直过着和平、富裕的生活。根据该句中的Since then 和has been可知此处用现在完成进行时，故填have been livingo.句意：它是世界上最古老，也是唯一幸存下来的无坝灌溉系统。根据该句中的the和in the world可知， 都江堰水利工程是世界上现存最占老的无坝水利工程，用最高级，故填oldest。19 .句意：它也是中国科学发展史上的一个奇迹。这里泛指“一个奇迹”，用
26、不定冠词，故填a。20 .句意：该项目由鱼嘴、飞沙岩、宝平口三个重要部分组成，被科学地设计来控制全年的河水流量。空 处修饰动词，用副词，作状语，故填scientifically。21 .句意：跨越鱼嘴上方的岷江，有一座非常壮观的桥，叫做安澜电缆桥，在那里，你可以清楚地看到整 个系统。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where 引导，故填where。22 .句意：这个伟大的建筑最早开始于宋朝之前。根据空前的形容词“great”可以判断空处被形容词修饰，应 用名词形式，故填construction。23 .句意：最近木材和竹了被钢筋和混凝土所取代以保
27、障国内外游客的安全。这里指“保证国内外游客的安 全”,应用名词的复数形式，故填visitors。24 .句意：从远处看，这座桥就像是悬挂在岷江上方的彩虹。空处与rainbow存在逻辑上的主谓关系，应用 现在分词，故填hanging。cancer.What doctors found during surgery shocked them all: Whitmore had Spindle Ceil Sarcoma, a soft tissue tumor （肿瘤）that can start in the bone, and the tumor was wrapped around her n
28、erve and touching several vital organs. They couldnt cut it out fearing to burst the tumor.When she heard the diagnosis for the first time, Whitmore said, Time stood still, I couldnt breathe. They were talking about the treatment and I started crying as I didnt want to die. Finally, the doctors enli
29、sted the help of several specialists to remove the tumor. Whitmore developed sepsis （败血症）from the surgery and endured a two-mon th recovery. When she began to feel sick again, Whitmore was sure her cancer was back. Instead, doctors gave her unexpected news: She was pregnant with twins/ That was a wh
30、ole other freak-outj Whitmore recalled.She has never met a challenge she couldnt overcome. Today, Whitmore is a mother of two sons and cancer-free. She is competing again, and has won a gold medal in the Paralympics （残奥会）,nine world titles, and has set two world records. She travels as a motivationa
31、l speaker when she doesnt spend time with her sons. Whitmore has some words of advice for others with limitations: Never let anyone tell you what you can and cannot do. Some doctors told me I would never ride anything. And yet I rode my mountain bike 104 miles climbing from 9, 000 feet to 14,000 fee
32、t. People with two good legs have fallen short of that task! You just cant give up. I. How did Whitmore feel when knowing about her cancer?A. Sad and scared. B. Ashamed and regretful.C. Annoyed and frightened. D. Astonished and inspired.2. What does the underlined word freak-out in Paragraph 4 refer
33、 to?A. Something interesting. B. Something demanding.C. Something unusual. D. Something meaningful.3. Whats the purpose of Whitmores traveling as a speaker?A. To build up her character.B. To inspire those with limitations.C. To spend more time with her children.D. lb cam more money in her spare time
34、.BDear daughters.Most parents tell their children, You can be anything you want when you grow up. I feel the same and I say this often. But I also want you to understand that realizing your dreams conics from hard work, some good luck and good timing.Girls, here arc some words of wisdom as you make
35、your way in the world, from an entrepreneur (企业家)and from your mama.1. Be open-minded to changing your path (even several times) along the way. In high school, I wanted to be a politician. I left my hometown and went off to college in Washington, DC. There, I discovered that I loved to support women
36、. Il taught me that Itn creative, a strong leader and great al marketing. As a result, I moved on to be the head of a national health care nonprofit. Becoming a mother while in that job opened my mind to launching a breast pump bag (储奶袋)business. Now I run a highly successful company chat I started
37、up on my own.Figure out what you are good at and what you are passionate about. Keep an open mind; the initial (最初的) path you choose may lead you into other areas.Dont waste your money or time, but constantly change what you are doing professionally based on what you are learning about yourself.2. F
38、ailure is critical to your successI wont tell you to feel good about failure. Failure can be heartbreaking. But I will tell you that every failure Ive had along the way has absolutely made me better.Failing the big math exam in high school and going to summer school was embarrassing. 1 eventually pa
39、ssed, and Ive never failed an exam again. I learned from that experience to ask for help. Now, I ask for help in business all the time.Being passed over for a significant job opportunity that I was more than qualified for because of unfair assumptions (being too young for the role) hurt me. I had a
40、three-month pity party. And then I went out and got a big job at a national organization al age 27. Its okay to get angry! Take that and turn i( into positive action.Im proud to be a role model to you as a mom and an entrepreneur. I hope I inspire you to believe that you can be anything you want and
41、 you can have everything on your list. It will be my pleasure to watch your lives unfold before my eyes.Love,Your mom(1) The author wrote this letter to her daughters mainly to.A. share her own past regrets with themB. tell them how she has succeeded in businessC. make some suggestions for their fut
42、ure livesD. encourage them to be who they want to beAccording to the article, the author.A. is a successful politician and entrepreneurB. is worried about her daughters career choicesC. is against frequently changing ones professionD. thinks one should be willing to change his or her career pathWhat
43、 did the author learn from her failure?A. We shouldnt get angry when we fail.B Its important to turn to others for help.C. Work hard to make sure you are qualified.D. Dont care too much about the injustices you face.(2) Which of the following words best describe the author?A. Passionate and flexible
44、 (灵活的).B. Modest and cautious.C. Caring and generous.D. Proud and humorous.CI was going to die in Antarctica. I was certain. An image of my frost-covered body, pale and lifeless, filled my mind as I glanced around. In all directions the empty wilderness of Antarctica stretched away from me, the only
45、 feature on the landscape being the division between snow and sky. 1 gazed sadly at my team. They were rapidly disappearing over the horizon.I was leading an expedition (探险队)attempting to reach the south pole. The team was made up of ordinary women from all around the world-from Jamaica, India, Sing
46、apore and Cyprus-many of whom had never seen snow, or spent a night in a tent before wc set off. Our aim was to be the most international all-female team to reach the South Pole.As I watched, the rest of the team had marched on, unaware that I was not with them. By the time I realized that my sledge
47、 was firmly stuck, the team were already a long way ahead of me. I called out to Era, my teammate from Brunei. EraSStop!Getting no response I called again, but my shouts were carried away in the opposite direction by the wind. Seconds passed. Nothing. I was gradually being left alone, completely def
48、enseless against the fatally low temperatures of Antarctica.My strength increased when I thought of a cold, lonely death. I pulled again my sledge, which moved a little. I removed the ice with my ski-pole and boot, desperately trjang to break the sledge free. The sledge shot forward, knocking me off balance. I struggled to my feet and set off after the team.I caught up just as Reena, my teammate from India, looked behind her and noticed there was one person missing. She swung around on her skis in shock and spotted me in (he near distance.As we continued, my pa