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1、【赢在高考责金8卷】备战2023年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）（解析版）黄金卷08第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to “do what you love”. But mastering a skill, even one that you deeply love, a huge amount
2、 of dull work. Anyone who wants to master a skill must run through the cycle of practice, 2 feedback, modification, and increasing improvement again, again and again. Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take pleasure in their gradual improvement. Ye
3、t others find this kind of focused, time-intensive work to be 3 or boring. Why?The difference may 4 the ability to enter into state of flow,“ the feeling of being completely involved in what you are doing. Since Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi developed the 5 of flow in the 1970s, it has been a mainstay of
4、positive-psychology research. Flow states can happen in the course of any activity, and they arc most common when a task has well-defined goals and is at a（n） 6 skill level.Csikszentmihalyi suggested that those who most 7 entered into flow states had an t4autotelic （自成目 的的）personalityM a disposition
5、 （o seek out challenges and get into a state of flow. While those without such a personality see difficulties, autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills. With their capacity fbr disinterested interest”, such people have a great 8 over others in developing their innate abilities.Fortuna
6、tely fbr those of us who arent necessarily blessed with an autotelic personality, there is evidence that flow states can be 9 by environmental factors. By giving ourselves unstructured, open-ended lime, minimal 10, and a task set al amoderate level of difficulty, we may be able to love what were doi
7、ng.1. A.inquiresB. requiresC. acquiresD. gainsA.preventableB. maintainableC. sustainableD. criticalinvited. Td love to bring her a housewanning gift. Maybe a nice spider pot pie.24. How did the author probably feel after hearing the real birders answer?A. Excited.B. Moved.C. Frightened. D. Embarrass
8、ed.25. For what major purpose did the author set up a nectar feeder?A. To hunt hummingbirds.C. To observe hummingbirds.26. How is Hannibal different from Noodle?A. He is more battlesome.C. He sucks more nectar at a time.B. To train hummingbirds.D. To give hummingbirds a home.B. He eats insects and s
9、piders.D. He is particular about the material for his27. What would be the best title for the text?A. The joy of raising birdsC. There are birds, and then theres Noodle27. What would be the best title for the text?B. The joy of raising birdsC. There are birds, and then theres NoodleC. Useful advice
10、from a real birderD. Hummingbirds bring music to my garden【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. D【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对蜂鸟的喜爱以及蜂鸟给作者的花园 带来的乐趣。26. 推理判断题。根据第一段“1 always imagined Id be a good birder one day.（我一直幻想 着有一天我会成为一名优秀的观鸟者）”以及“Oh! Whafs that one? I asked. She looked at me with unbelieving eyes and said, Tha
11、ts still a cardinal （红雀）（“哦!那是什么？ 我问。 她用不相信的眼神看着我说“那还是红雀。可知，作者认为自己是一名优秀的观鸟者， 但是自己没有辨认出红雀。由此推知，作者听到真正的观鸟者的回答后可能会感到尴尬。 故选D。27. 细节理解题。根据第三段“I get a good look because, like many people, 1 put out a nectar （花蜜）feeder. Thats mainly for my benefit, to draw them close.（我看得很清楚，因为，像 许多人一样，我放了一个花蜜喂食器。这主要是为了我好，
12、为了把它们拉近）”可知，作 者设置了一个花蜜喂食器，是为了观察蜂鸟。故选C。28. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The hummingbird that has dominated （控制）our feeder Hannibal Nectar is one round, spider-filled little ball. But then theres Noodle. She visits the feeder any time she senses Hannibal isnt looking. She always picks her place carefully so she ca
13、n look out for Hannibal. She looks right, left, up, down, and only then三原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！lowers and sucks everything she can.（在喂食器中占主导地位的蜂鸟是HannibalNectar一个圆形的、布满蜘蛛的小球。但是还有Noodle。只要Hannibal不注意，她就会去拜访喂食器。她总是小心挑选自己的位置这样她就能观察Hannibalo她左看右看， 匕看下看，然后才把所有东西都放下来吸）”可知，Noodle在吸食花蜜的时候，会提防Hannibalo由此推知,Han
14、nibal更强壮、更具有战斗力。故选A。29. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“1 always imagined Id be a good birder one day.俄一直幻想 着有一天我会成为一名优秀的观鸟者）”及第二段“Nevertheless, after decades, Tve gotten pretty good at the 20 or so regular bird visitors to my garden. And now I have a new ambition. I want to be able to tell individual birds apart.（尽管如此
15、,几十年后，我已经很擅长接待那 些经常到我花园来的20只左右的鸟了。现在我有了新的抱负。我想要能够区分不同的 鸟）”和后文作者对蜂鸟的观察可知，文章主要讲述了作者对蜂鸟的喜爱以及蜂鸟给作者 的花园带来的乐趣。由此可知，Hummingbirds bring music to my garden（蜂鸟给我的花园 带来了音乐）适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。CIt seems rather obvious that facial characteristics are determined by our genes. But until recently geneticists（遗彳专学家）had ve
16、ry little understanding of which parts of our DNA were linked to our facial appearance.An international team of researchers identified more than 130 chromosomal（染色体的） regions associated with specific aspects of facial shape. This is a critical first step toward understanding how genetics impact our
17、faces, Live Science noted.Researchers scanned the DNA of more than 8,000 people and analyzed dozens of shape measurements from their 3D facial images to look at the statistical relationships between about 7 million genetic markersknown locations in the genetic code where humans varyand the facial fe
18、atures.“When wc find a statistical relation between a facial feature and one or more genetic markers, it points us to a very precise region of DNA on a chromosome. The genes located around that region then become our prime candidates for facial features like nose or lip shape,“ Seth Weinberg, co-aut
19、hor of the study, wrote on Live Science.Researchers discovered some interesting patterns after looking at the implicated（牵涉其 中）genes at these DNA regions. Your nose is the part that is most influenced by your genes. Areas like the checks, which arc highly influenced by lifestyle factors like diet, s
20、howed the fewest genetic associations.There is also a high degree of overlap（重合）between the genes involved in facial and limb development. This provides an important clue as to why many genetic syndromes（综合 症）are characterized by both hand and facial malfonnations（畸形）.Some genes involved in facial s
21、hape may be involved in cancer, too. It explains why people treated for pediatric（小儿 科的）cancer show some distinctive facial features.So, can someone take your DNA and construct an accurate image of your face? Its unlikely. The 130-plus genetic regions that were identified explain less than 10 percen
22、t of the variation in facial shape. But even if we understood all of （he genes impacting facial appearance, prediction would still be a big challenge. Thats because facial features are affected by other factors as well, such as age, diet, climate and sun exposure.Still, the knowledge of patients gen
23、etic information can be an invaluable tool in creating personalized treatment plans in fields like orthodontics（畸齿矫正学）or reconstructive surgery. For example, if someday doctors can use genetics to predict when a childs jaw will hit its growth peak, it will help them decide the best time to intervene
24、.30. Whats the main purpose of the research?A. Tb explain why humans vary based on statistics.B. lb identify the factors impacting facial appearance.C. lb discover the link between genes and facial features.D. To study the relationship between facial features and genetic markers.31. What can we lear
25、n from the study?A. The nose is most inlluenced by genes.B. Facial malformations affect limb development.C. The cheeks are most closely associated with age.D. Facial shape and cancer are impacted by exactly the same genes.32. How could the research benefit people?A. It could improve orthodontic trea
26、tments.B. It could be useful for changing facial shapes.C. It could help recreate ones jaw at an early age.D. It could help predict facial appearance with ease.【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C二无原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究!二无原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究!12【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章首先提出一个研窕现状，即遗传学家对我们的DNA的 哪些部分与我们的面部外观有关知之甚少，随后通过一系列的研究结果得
27、出结论预 测长相仍然是一个挑战。28 .推理判断题。根据文章第,段“It seems rather obvious that facial characteristics are determined by our genes. But until recently geneticists（遗传学家）had very little understanding of which parts of our DNA were linked to our facial appearance.（面部特征似 乎很显然是由基因决定的。但直到最近，遗传学家对我们的DNA的哪些部分与我们的 面部外观有关知之甚少
28、。户可知，后文的研究是为了找到基因和面部特征之间的关联。 故选C项。29 .细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Your nose is the part that is most influenced by your genes.（鼻子是受基因影响最大的部位。户可知，鼻子被基因影响最大。故选A项。30 .细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Still, the knowledge of patients genetic information can be an invaluable tool in creating personalized treatment plans in fields like
29、orthodontics or reconstructive surgery. For example, if someday doctors can use genetics to predict when a childs jaw will hit its growth peak, it will help them decide the best time to intervene.（尽管 如此，对患者基因信息的了解，对于在正畸或重建外科等领域制定个性化治疗计划来说, 仍然是个无价的工具。例如，如果有天医生可以利用遗传学预测孩子的下巴何时会 达到生长高峰，这将帮助他们决定干预的最佳时间。
30、）”可知，遗传学可以帮助医生在病 人年轻时重建下巴。故C项正确。A项为迷惑项，该段只提到遗传学可以帮助正畸制定 个性化治疗，并不一定能提高正畸治疗的效果。根据文章倒数第二段“That，s because facial features are affected by other factors as well, such as age, diet, climate and sun exposure.（这是因为面部特征也会受到其他因素的影响，比如年龄、饮食、气候和日照。）” 可知，面部特征收到各种因素影响，所以遗传学不能帮助人们改变脸型，排除B项。根 据文章倒数第.段So, can someon
31、e take your DNA and construct an accurate image of your face? Its unlikely.（那么，有人能提取你的DNA并构建出你面部的精确图像吗？这 几乎是不可能的。户可知，研究结果并不可以帮助轻松预测面部外观，排除D项。故选 C项。DThe environmental practices of big businesses are shaped by a fundamental fact that offends our sense of justice. A business may maximize the amount of
32、money it makes by damaging the environment and hurting people. When government regulation is effective, and the public is environmentally aware, environmentally clean big businesses may out-compctc dirty ones, but ihe reverse is likely to be true if government regulation is ineffective and the publi
33、c doesnt care.It is easy to blame a business for helping itself by hurting other people. But blaming alone is unlikely to produce change. It ignores the fact that businesses are not charities but profit-making companies, and they arc under obligation to maximize profits for shareholders by legal mea
34、ns.Our blaming of businesses also ignores the ultimate responsibility of the public for creating (he conditions (hat let a business profit through destructive environmental policies. In the long run, it is the public, either directly or through its politicians, that has the power to make such destru
35、ctive policies unprofitable and illegal, and to make sustainable environmental policies profitable.The public can do that by accusing businesses of harming them. The public may also make their opinion felt by choosing to buy sustainably harvested products; by preferring their governments lo award va
36、luable contracts to businesses with a good environmental track record; and by pressing their governments to pass and enforce laws and regulations requiring good environmental practices.In turn, big businesses can exert powerful pressure on any suppliers that might ignore public or government pressur
37、e. For instance, after the US public became concerned about the spread of a disease, transmitted to humans through infected meat, the US government introduced rules demanding that the meat industry abandon practices associated with the risk of the disease spreading. But the meat packers refused to f
38、ollow these, claiming that they would be too expensive to obey. However, when a fast-food company made the same demands after customer purchases of its hamburgers dropped, the meat industry followed immediately. The publics task is therefore to identify which links in the supply chain are sensitive
39、to public pressure.Some readers may be disappointed or outraged that I place the ultimate responsibility for business practices harming the public on the public itself. I also believe that the public must accept the necessity for higher prices for products to cover the added costs of sound environme
40、ntal practices. My views may seem to ignore the belief that businesses should act in accordance with moral principles even if this leads to a reduction in their profits. But I think wc have to recognize that, throughout human history, government regulation has arisen precisely because it was found t
41、hat not only did moral principles need to be made explicit,14三原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！they also needed to be enforced.My conclusion is not a moralistic one about who is right or wrong, admirable or selfish.I believe that changes in public attitudes are essential fbr changes in businesses environmental
42、practices.31. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that environmental damage.A. is the result of ignorance of the publicrequires political action if it is to be sloppedB. can be prevented by the action of ordinary peoplecan only be stopped by educating business leaders32. In Paragraph 4, the writer descr
43、ibes ways in which the public can.A. reduce their own individual impact on the environmentlearn more about the impact of business on the environmentB. raise awareness of the effects of specific environmental disastersinfluence ihe environmental policies of businesses and governments33. What pressure
44、 was given by big business in the case of the disease mentioned in Paragraph 5?A. Meat packers stopped supplying hamburgers to fast-food chains.B. Meat packers persuaded the government to reduce their expenses.C. A fast-food company forced their meat suppliers to follow the law.D. A fast-food compan
45、y encouraged the government to introduce regulations.34. What would be the best heading for this passage?A. Will the world sun ive the threat caused by big businesses?B. How can big businesses be encouraged to be less driven by profit?C. What environmental dangers are caused by the greed of business
46、es?D. Arc big businesses to blame for the damage they cause to the environment?【答案】31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了企业通过破坏环境和伤害人们来获得利益，这是 很正常的，但仅仅指责企业是没用的，还需发挥公众的作用和影响力。31 .主旨大意题。由第三段“Our blaming of businesses also ignores the ultimate responsibility of the public fbr creating the conditions
47、that let a business profit throughdestructive environmental policies. In the long run, it is the public, either directly or through its politicians, that has the power to make such destructive policies unprofitable and illegal, and to make sustainable environmental policies profitable.（我们对企业的指责也忽视 公
48、 众的最终责任，是他们创造出相应的条件，让企业可以通过破坏环境的政策来赚取利润。 长期来看，无论是直接参与也好，通过政客也好，只有公众才有权力让这些破坏性的政 策变得无利可图或者违背法律，让可持续的环保政策能够盈利）”可知，公众能创造相应 条件让企业通过破坏环境的政策来赚取利润，公众也可以通过行动让企业从破坏环境的 政策变得无利可图，概括可知第三段的主要思想是环境破坏可以通过普通人的行动来预 防。故选C项。32 .细节理解题。由第四段“The public can do that by accusing businesses of harming them. The public may al
49、so make their opinion felt by choosing to buy sustainably harvested products; by preferring their governments to award valuable contracts to businesses with a good environmental track record; and by pressing their governments to pass and enforce laws and regulations requiring good environmental practices.（公众可以通过起诉企业伤害他们 来实现这一点。公众也可以通过选择购买可持续收获的产品来表达