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1、备横2023高考语法之非谓语动词考点目录内容板块一基础知识解析板块二单句语法填空板块三篇章语法填空：基础知识解析1:考向归纳非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注 意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分 词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分 词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动
2、名词主要考 查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。2：知识详解作状语类别用法例句动 词 不 定 式作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to 一般不可置于句首，意为“为了;想要LTo enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. 为 了 享受数 字支付的便利，很多老年人开始使用智能手机。动 词 不 定 式作结果状语，常用于下列结构中:only to do（表 小居、想不到的结果）;enough to do（足够做）;too.to
3、 do.（太而不能）;so/such.as to（如此以至于）等。Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky,汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现 他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。作原因状语,常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+t。 do”结构中。这类形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous, surprised, astonishe
4、d, delighted, disappointed 等。This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.这台机器很容易操作。 只需几分钟，任何人都能学会使用它。分分词作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、A city is the product of the human hand and mind,动词且没有连接词，此处使用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处使用现在分词作伴随状语，故填going。34 .At the well-known research center, t
5、hey have a number of laboratories with each room (equip) with computers.解析：equipped考查非谓语动词。句意：在著名的研究中心，他们有许多实验室，每个房间都配备了 电脑。分析句子结构可知，此处是with复合结构，room与equip是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被 动。故填 equipped。35 .The latest research(undertake) shows that micro blog is the most popular social networking tool among Chinese
6、 netizens.解析：undertaken考查非谓语动词。句意：最新做的调查显示，微博是中国网民最流行的社交网络工 具。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词undertake和所修饰的名词research之间是被动关系，故用其过去分 词作后置定语。故填undertaken o36 .With everything (arrange)for his family, he went to the front to prepare for setting up a man-made satellite.解析：arranged考查非谓语动词。句意：为家人安排好一切，他去前线为建立人造卫星而做准备。空 格处
7、是With复合结构中的宾补，由于arrange与宾语everything是被动关系，因此要用过去分词。故填 arranged o37 .Time(permit), a lively question and-answer session followed.解析：permitting考查非谓语。时间允许的话time permitting。如果时间允许，接下来是一个生动的 问答环节。38 .The study shows there is a deep fear among the elderly of(abandon) to the care of strangers.解析：being aban
8、doned句意：研究表明，老年人如果被舍弃给陌生人照顾，会有很深的恐惧感。介 词of后接动词时用动名词形式，且the elderly与abandon之间是动宾关系，要用动名词的一般被动式。 故填：being abandoned.39 .Please stay in your seat and keep your seat belt(fasten) until the sign has been turned off.解析：fastened动词keep的意思是“(使)保持，(使)处于“，后面接复合宾语；your seat belt与动 词fasten之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语，故填
9、fastened.40 .Although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape(fire) by his boss.解析：being fired考查单词填空。根据句意是被开除，所以是be fired,又因为escape,后面要跟doing 的形式，所以用being fibred.41 .But Cobb and others are now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate rem
10、otely and(change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis .解析：考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语Cobb and others与change之间是主动关系，故填动词ing形式 changing, changing与pushing是并列关系，共同作句子的状语。故填changing42 .Chinese workers once demonstrated their great efficiency in 2018. Incredibly, around 1,5
11、00 workers spent just nine hours(complete) the construction of a new train station in Fujian Province, southern China.解析：考查动名词。句意：令人难以置信的是，大约1500名工人只花了 9个小时就在中国南部福建 省完成了一座新火车站的建设。固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth.(花时间做某事)，complete用动名词形 式作宾语。故填completing。42.1 t s certainly not realistic(remove) all plast
12、ic from your life, but some statistics may encourage you to reduce your single-use plastic footprints.解析：to remove考查非谓语动词。句意：把所有的塑料从你的生活中去除当然不现实，但一些统计 数据可能鼓励你减少一次性塑料足迹。此处为句型“itbeadj.todosth.H it作形式主语，不定式为真正主 语。故填 to remove。三：篇章语法填空Passage ADigital screen time before bed can have a negative impact on
13、 the quality of your sleep.56 Europeanstudy found being exposed to blue light for as little as 8 minutes keeps you mentally stimulated for over one hour, 57 tends to throw off the bodys biological clock.Much 58(expose) to blue light suppresses (抑制)the production of melatonin, a hormone that inducess
14、leepiness. Melatonin release in the evening helps you relax before bedtime. Suppression of melatonin can cause you 59(stay) up later and sleep less than you normally would.Seeing something right before bed that either makes you upset 60 happy can trigger a response thatextends falling sleep, which 6
15、1(consequent) delays REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. These emotions canleave you 62(stare) at the ceiling for hours feeling wide awake.Studies have also found that exciting or violent video games will increase heart rate make it even 63(hard) to fall asleep, and impair sleep quality.A writer, named
16、Daphne K. Lee, in 2020 64 (write) about revenge bedtime procrastination” on Twitter-a phenomenon where people who dont have much control 65 their daytime life refuse to sleepearly to regain some sense of freedom during late-night hours.解析：56. A 57. which 58. exposure 59. to stay 60. or 61. consequen
17、tly 62. staring 63. harder 64. wrote 65. over#of56 .考查冠词。句意：欧洲的一项研究发现，暴露在蓝光下哪怕只有8分钟，也能让你的精神兴奋超 过一个小时，这往往会打乱身体的生物钟。后文可数名词单数study是泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定。所 连接的单词European发音以辅音音素开头(虽然是元音字母开头)，要用a。句首字母大写，故填A。57 .考查定语从句。句意：欧洲的一项研究发现，暴露在蓝光下哪怕只有8分钟，也能让你的精神兴 奋超过一个小时，这往往会打乱身体的生物钟。分析可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整 句，关系代词which引导
18、从句，在从句中用作主语。故填which。58 .考查名词。句意：大量暴露在蓝光下会抑制褪黑激素的产生，褪黑激素是一种诱导睡意的激素。 根据前文Much可知，此处应用其名词形式exposure(不可数)作主语。故填exposure。59 .考查非谓语动词。句意：抑制褪黑素会导致你熬夜，睡眠时间比平时少。根据前文cause you可知, 此处应用其动词不定式作宾语补语，cause sb to do sth是固定句型。故填to stay。60 .考查连词。句意：睡前看到一些让你心烦或高兴的东西会引发一种反应，延长入睡时间，从而延 迟REM(快速眼动)睡眠。后文happy和前文upset之间是选择关系
19、，故填or。61 .考查副词。句意：睡前看到一些让你心烦或高兴的东西会引发一种反应，延长入睡时间，从而延 迟REM(快速眼动)睡眠。副词修饰动词。故填consequently。62 .考查非谓语动词。句意：这些情绪会让你盯着天花板几个小时，感觉非常清醒。分析可知，此处 为非谓语，动词stare和前文you之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作宾语补足语，leave sb/sth doing sth 是固定句型。故填staring。63 .考查形容词比较级。句意：研究还发现，刺激或暴力的电子游戏会增加心率，使人更难入睡，并 损害睡眠质量。根据前文exciting or violent video ga
20、mes will increase heart rate等句意可知，此处应用 形容词的比较级。故填harder。64考查时态。句意：2020年，一位名叫Daphne K.Lee的作家在推特上写了一篇关于“报复性睡前 拖延症”的文章，这是一种现象，指那些对白天生活没有太多控制权的人拒绝早睡，以在深夜重获一些自 由感。根据时间状语in 2020可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填 wrote o65.考查介词。句意：2020年，一位名叫Daphne K.Lee的作家在推特上写了一篇关于“报复性睡前 拖延症”的文章，这是一种现象，指那些对白天生活没有太多控制权的人拒绝早
21、睡，以在深夜重获一些自 由感。短语have control of/over 对有控制权”是固定搭配。故填over/of。Passage BEvery person in this world has their own unique experiences and challenges-and just because they arent universal, it doesnt mean they arent there. Thafs where the Human Library project comes in. It gives us a chance41(explore) the
22、stories that we might never know about otherwise. It gives us 42 uniqueopportunity to look at the world through the eyes of others.It is done without 43(judge), and it leads to understanding. The Human Library started 44the concept of living books. Each person became an open “book and shared their o
23、wn experiences in life. They would talk about 45 life was like in their shoes.The project began with fifty different human books which were highlighted in an event that 46(last)for four days, 47(go) for eight hours each day, as the human books answered questions and held discussions. Now, the Human
24、Library has become something that reaches so much 48(far) and has hadan impact on so many minds.The Human Library gives people a chance to ask questions. It offers a rare option to learn from the perspective of those who 49(affect) by a situation. Its no longer about always having an outside perspec
25、tive. Ifs about having a chance to go to the source and 50(simple) ask.Would you be willing to become a human book and share your own story?解析：41. to explore42. a43. judgement#udgment44. with45. what46. Iasted47. going48. further49. are affected50. simply41 .考查非谓语动词。句意：它给了我们一个机会去探索那些我们可能永远不知道的故事。分析句
26、子 结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连接词,此处要使用非谓语动词,结合句意及前边的名词chance 可知，此处要使用不定式作后置定语，故填to explore。42 .考查冠词。句意：它为我们提供了一个独特的机会，通过他人的眼睛来看待世界。结合句意可知 opportunity可数名词单数前缺少不定冠词表泛指，且unique以辅音音素开头，要用a,故填a。43 .考查名词。句意：它是在没有评判的情况下完成的，它能通向理解。分析句子结构可知，介词 without后使用名词作宾语，故填judgement/judgment。44 .考查介词。句意：人类图书馆以有生命的书籍的概念开始。结合句意可知
27、，此处使用短语start with “以开始”符合题意，故填with。45 .考查连词。句意：他们会谈论他们的生活是什么样的。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少宾语从句的 连接词，结合句意可知，此处使用what “什么”符合句意，故填what。46 .考查时态。句意：该项目从五十本不同的在一个持续四天、每天进行八小时的活动中突出出来的 人类书籍开始，人类书籍回答问题并进行讨论。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，结合上文可知， 陈述过去所发生的事情要使用一般过去时，故填lasted。47 .考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目从五十本不同的在一个持续四天、每天进行八小时的活动中突出 出来的人类书籍开始，人类书
28、籍回答问题并进行讨论。分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词且没 有连接词，此处使用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处使用现在分词作伴随状语，故填going。48 .考查副词比较级。句意：现在，人类图书馆已经发展到了如此深远，并对许多人的思想产生了影 响。分析句子结构可知，much后要使用副词比较级作状语，表深远，故填further。49 .考查被动语态。句意：它提供了一个难得的选择，可以从受形势影响的人的角度来学习。结合句 意及设空后的by可知，此处需要使用被动语态，结合上文时态可知，此处要使用一般现在时的被动语态, 主语也就是先行词为those “那些人”为复数，故填are affected
29、。50 .考查副词。句意：这是关于有一个追寻源头并简单提问的机会。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用 副词做状语修饰动词ask,故填simplyoPassage CIn a first of 61(it) kind in China, Shenzhen, a city that pioneered reform and opening-up in China,will allow fully autonomous vehicles 62 (run) on roads in certain areas without human control equipment. 63 city in Guangd
30、ong province revealed a new regulation tailored for smart connected vehicle management in China, which is scheduled to come into force on August 1.The new regulation, which is set to fill the legal gap for domestic intelligent connected vehicles, said automakers dont 64(necessary) have to equip full
31、y autonomous vehicles with manual driving mode and corresponding (相应的)devices, and nor do they have to have human drivers.But such fully autonomous vehicles can only drive on certain roads and sections 65(select) byShenzhens traffic management department, according to the regulation, which was publi
32、shed on the official website of Shenzhen Municipal Peoples Congress.The regulation classified autonomous vehicles 66 three types: conditionally autonomous driving,highly autonomous driving, and fully autonomous driving. Conditionally autonomous and highly autonomous vehicles must have manual driving
33、 modes and corresponding devices, and 67(equip) with drivers.Meanwhile, the regulation 68(clarify) rules for responsibilities and auto insurance coverage in the event of car accidents 69 involve autonomous driving, which is expected to promote the fast 70(develop) of self-driving vehicles.解析：61 . it
34、s62 . to run63 . The64 . necessarily65 . selected66 . into67 . be equipped68 . clarified69 . that#which70. development61 .考查代词。句意：作为中国改革开放的先驱城市，深圳将允许全自动驾驶汽车在特定区域的道路 上行驶，无需人工控制设备。此处用所给代词的形容词性物主代词修饰空后的名词kind。故填its。62 .考查非谓语动词。句意：作为中国改革开放的先驱城市，深圳将允许全自动驾驶汽车在特定区域 的道路上行驶，无需人工控制设备。短语allow sb./sth. to do st
35、h意为“允许某人或某物做某事”，此处动 词不定式作宾语补足语。故填t。run。63 .考查冠词。句意：广东省深圳市公布了一项为中国智能互联汽车管理量身定制的新规定，定于8 月1日生效。此处特指前文提到的深圳市，故用定冠词。故填The。64 .考查副词。句意：新规将填补国内智能联网汽车的法律空白，称汽车制造商不必为完全自动驾驶 汽车配备手动驾驶模式和相应设备，也不必有人类司机。此处修饰动词短语have to应用副词necessarily。 故填 necessarily o65 .考查非谓语动词。句意：根据深圳市人大官网公布的这项规定，这种全自动驾驶车辆只能在深圳 市交通管理部门选定的特定道路和路
36、段行驶。分析句子成分可知，此处填非谓语动词，动词select与其逻 辑主语certain roads and sections存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用所给动词的过去分词作后置定语。故 填 selected o66 .考查介词。句意：该规定将自动驾驶车辆分为有条件自动驾驶、高度自动驾驶、完全自动驾驶三 种类型。短语dassifyinto意为将分类为”,为固定用法。故填into。67 .考查被动语态。句意：有条件自动驾驶和高度自动驾驶的车辆必须有手动驾驶模式和相应的装置, 并配备驾驶员。动词 equip 与主语 Conditionally autonomous and highly auto
37、nomous vehicles 存在动宾关 系，又因为前面有情态动词must,故填be equipped。68 .考查动词的时态。句意：同时，该规定明确了涉及自动驾驶的交通事故的责任和车险范围，这有 望推动自动驾驶汽车的快速发展。根据Meanwhile可知，此处的谓语动词与前文的谓语动词saidclassified 的时态一致，故此处用一般过去时。故填clarified。69 .考查定语从句。句意：同时，该规定明确了涉及自动驾驶的交通事故的责任和车险范围，这有望 推动自动驾驶汽车的快速发展。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语， 先行词是car accidents9故
38、此处用关系代词that/whicho故填that/whicho70 .考查名词。句意：同时，该规定明确了涉及自动驾驶的交通事故的责任和车险范围，这有望推动 自动驾驶汽车的快速发展。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，此处用所给动词的名词development,作宾 语，不可数。故填development。Passage DThe Getty Center sits on a hilltop in the Santa Monica Mountains,36(tower) above the city of Los Angeles. The museum was 37(origin) constru
39、cted to house the vast art collection belonging to oil tycoon J.Paul Getty. Today, the modernist complex 38(stock) with so many art works that the exhibit arenas can show just a part of them at a time, making the artistic special exhibitions a highlight of any visit to the Getty.The Centers award-wi
40、nning architect, Richard Meier, did 39 outstanding job of creating a publicspace that has surprised many visitors. Visitors go to the Getty thinking they are visiting a museum with works of art on the inside.40 they discover instead is a work of art with a museum inside. Meier took some basic41(mate
41、rial): metal, stone and glass. Working with a billion-dollar budget, he combined them to create a work of architecture that can excite visitors as much as the art collection inside 42(do). Around everycorner and at every turn, there is a new view 43 store for guests. And then, just 44 they think the
42、yhave seen it all, a new fountain or landscape pops up.In addition to museum tours, the Getty also provides various free on-site tours, including tours of the gardens. These explorations are a must fbr anyone 45(interest) in learning more about Meiers techniques andideas.解析 36. towering 37. original
43、I38. is stocked 39. an 40. What41. materials 42. does 43. to 44. when 45. interested36 .考查非谓语动词。句意：盖蒂中心坐落在洛杉矶市圣莫尼卡山脉的山顶上。分析句子结构和意思 可知，本句已有谓语sits on且无连词，非谓语动词tower与逻辑主语The Getty Center是主动关系，用现 在分词形式作状语。故填toweringo37 .考查副词。句意：该博物馆起初是为收藏石油大亨J. Paul Getty的大量艺术品而建造的。分析句 子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词作状语，修饰谓语was constru
44、cted,表示“起初”的意思。故填originallyo38 .考查时态和主谓一致。句意：今天，这个现代主义建筑群里堆满了如此多的艺术作品，以至于展 览场一次只能展示其中的一部分，这使得艺术特别展览成为任何参观盖蒂的亮点。分析句子结构和意思可 知，这句话描述的是现在的事实，谓语用一般现在时。be stocked with(备有)，主语the modernist complex 单数，be动词用iso故填is stockedo39 .考查冠词。句意：该中心屡获殊荣的建筑师理查德梅尔创造了一个令许多游客感到惊讶的公共 空间，他做了出色的工作。分析句子结构和意思可知，job是可数名词单数形式，前面要
45、有不定冠词修饰， 表示泛指“一个”的意思。空格后outstanding的第一个音素是元音音素，所以用an。故填an。40 .考查主语从句。句意：相反，他们发现的是里面有一个博物馆的一件艺术品。分析句子结构和意 思可知，they discover instead是主语从句，从句中缺少动词discover的宾语，指物，用what,什 么”的意思，首字母大写。故填What。41 .考查名词的数。句意：梅尔带去了一些基本的材料：金属、石头和玻璃。分析句子结构和意思可 知，material是可数名词，这里指金属、石头和玻璃等很多材料，所以用复数形式。故填materials。42 .考查时态和主谓一致。句
46、意：他以十亿美元的预算，将它们结合起来，创造了一件建筑作品，能 像室内艺术品一样让游客兴奋不已。分析句子结构和意思可知，the art collection inside _(do)是比较句， 句子描述的是现在的情况，谓语用一般现在时。此处强调谓语结构，主语是单数the art collection,助动 词do用第三人称单数形式。故填does。43 .考查动词不定式。句意：在每一个角落和每一个转弯处，都有一个供客人欣赏的新风景。分析句 子结构和意思可知，这里用动词不定式结构做定语，修饰前面的名词view。故填to。44 .考查时间状语从句。句意：然后，就在他们认为自己已经看到了一切的时候，一
47、个新的喷泉或风 景出现了。分析句子结构和意思可知_they think they have seen it all是时间状语从句，所以用连词when 引导。故填when。45 .考查形容词。句意：这些探索对于任何有兴趣了解梅尔技术和思想的人来说都是必须的。分析句 子结构和意思可知，这里用形容词interested做后置定语，修饰前面的名词anyone,表示“对感兴趣” 的意思。故填interested。Passage EOn Sunday, the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China announced that the C919 aircraft
48、 36(complete) all six test flights. Many might not understand it,37 test flights are no ordinary things in thelife of a new aircraft model.Test flights are more about 38(judge) the aircrafts safety and reliability. Now,39 theC919 in place, domestic airlines can stop worrying about a supply crisis.However, there is room for constant 40(improve), as some parts of the C919 41(import)from the West. Even 42 Changjiang-1000A engine, a domestic alternative,43(have) manyimported parts. It is therefore necessary for the domestic manufacturers to wo