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1、备使2023高考语法之动词时态语态目录内容板块一基础知识解析板块二单句语法填空板块三篇章语法填空一:基础知识解析1:考点归纳动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。动词时态考查虽多,但考向非常集中,最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时,其次是现在完成时,其他时态考查相对较少。因此备考重点是:动词时态的基本用法动词语态的基本用法主谓一致通过“时态定义解决时态:虽然新课标或考纲中列出了 10种时态,但近三年全国卷主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。尽管如此,以下8种时态的基本用法和构成还应掌握。准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。般将来时will do过去将来时would do一般现在时do/does一般过
2、去时did现在进行时am/is/are doing过去进行时was/were doing现在完成时have/has done过去完成时had done2:考点详解1:动词时态的一般体时态用法例句一般现在表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状 态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night 等连用。On Monday mornings, it usually takes me an hour to
3、drive to work though the actual distance is only 20 miles.周一早晨开车上班我一般要花 费一个小时,尽管实际距离只有20英里。如果主句用一般将来时,那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started.这位总统 希望人们在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。.般过去表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与(2019江苏卷)A few months after he
4、 had arrived often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还 in China, Mr. Smith fell in love with the peoplebeneficial o5 .考查定语从句。句意:并且我们也能与离我们距离较远的朋友以及生意伙伴交流。根据句子分析可 知,our friends and business partners为先行词,后跟定语从句,定语从句中,are为系动词,far away from us为表语,缺主语。先行词为人,故用that/who引导定语从句。故填who/that。6 .考查冠词。句意:如果不探索太空,我们就无法发
5、现它的奥秘,也无法开拓我们的视野,这些都是 远远超出了地球之外的。根据句子分析可知,planet earth意为“行星地球”,可数名词,表示世界上独一 无二的要用定冠词,故填the。7 .考查谓语动词单复数。句意:此外,我们与动物的不同之处在于我们知道我们需要去探索。根据句 子分析可知,what引导的主语从句what distinguishes us from animals为主语,空后that引导表语从句, 此空为谓语。what引导的主语从句,谓语动词用单数,且根据distinguishes可知,时态为一般现在时, 故填iso8 .考查介词。句意:事实上,太空科技并不只是对知识的探索,还是一
6、面镜子,反映了我国的发展。 根据句子分析可知,,对的探索”表达为the research for sth.,故填for。9 .考查现在分词作宾语。句意:我们将致力于国家的发展。根据句子分析可知,“致力于做”表 达为 devote ourselves to doing sth.9 to 为介词,后跟 doing,故填 developingo10 .考查名词单复数。句意:我们期待着新的突破,并且我们相信在不久的将来,这些突破就会实现。 根据句子分析可知,we为主语,are looking forward to为谓语,后跟名词作宾语。breakthrough为可数 名词,空前没有冠词a,故要用复数。
7、故填breakthroughs。Passage BPeople use the saying out of this world/ to praise something as exceptional. But, at auction(拍卖)house Sothebys Dubai, officials are using 1 term literally.The company announced this week that it will sell a black diamond 2 they say is believed to have fallen to Earth from ou
8、ter space. That would make it a literal out of this world*1 jewel. It 3 (weigh) 555.55 carats. One carat equals 200 milligrams.The rare stone 4(show) to reporters at Sothebys last Monday. Next month, it will be put up for sale at Sotheby*s in London. Sotheby*s expects the purchase price will reach 5
9、 least $6.8 million.Experts at the National Space Foundation in the United States call black diamonds carbonado diamonds/ On 6(it) website, the science 7(organize) writes that carbonado diamonds form during supernova(超新星)explosions. nBlack diamonds/1 the website says, H8(be) once the size of asteroi
10、ds (小彳亍星)a kilometer or more* across when they first began to hit Earth.Carbonado diamonds are extremely rare and are found 9(nature) only in Brazil and Central Africa. Experts say study of the 0(stone) chemical structure leads them to believe they come from space.解析:11 theo考查冠词。指上句提到的out of this wo
11、rld这个词语。定冠词+名词,指上文提到的人或物。12 that/whicho考查定语从句。去掉they say可以看出定语从句谓语动词为is believed,可知所填词在 定语从句中作主语。因先行词为black diamond,指物,所以用.that/which引导定语从句,并在从句中作 主语。13 weighso考查时态。根据下句equals可知本句也用一般现在时。因主语it是第三人称单数,谓语动 词也相应用第三人称单数形式。14 was showno考查语态。因钻石是“被展示”的,用被动语态;根据时间状语last Monday可知用一般 过去时,所以本空填一般过去时被动语态。15 at
12、o考查介词。at least至少。1.1 tSo考查代词。表示“它的%用物主代词its,指National Space Foundation这个组织的。1.2 rganization0考查词类转换。the science organization科学组织。动词转换为名词作主语。8 .wereo考查时态和主谓一致。根据once(曾经)及后面when引导的时间状语从句可知本句讲的是过 去发生的事,用一般过去时。因主语为Black diamonds,是复数,所以用were。9 .naturallyo考查词类转换。修饰动词are found,用副词作状语。句意:黑钻石极其罕见,只有在巴 西和中非才能天
13、然发现。10 .stone*So考查名词所有格。stone*s chemical structure石头的化学结构。表示“石头的”,用所有格 stone。Passage CWhen the Winter Olympics met Chinese New Year, Beijing made everyones stay in China 36(enjoy)with a wonderful experience of Chinese culture. As the worlds first “dual Olympic city,it 37(pay)attention to the details
14、 in every aspect to support the safe and smooth 38(operate) of the Games whileovercoming the difficulties brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.Beijing was applauded and praised by athletes 39 its excellent venue (场地)services during theGames. One of the greatest is the Big Air Shougang Olympic venue 40 w
15、itnessed the epic victory of18-year-old Chinese freestyle skier Gu Ailing, also 41(know) as Eileen Gu. Eileen spoke 42(high) of this competition venue,43 all other athletes said the Shougang Big Air was the best of its kindthat they had set foot on.The design concept of this platform 44(develop) fro
16、m the traditional painting in Dunhuang, GansuProvince. The Shougang Big Air is the only snow event venue in downtown Beijing, making it the coolest thing for Big Air athletes 45(jump) against the backdrop of coolant towers. Besides, the venue will be a permanentbig air facility, the first of its kin
17、d in the world.解析:36. enjoyable 37. paid 38. operation 39. for 40. that/which 41. known 42. highly 43. and/while 44. develops# developed 45. to jump本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是北京奥运会的场馆,尤其是首钢滑雪大跳台场馆。36 .考查形容词。句意:当冬奥会与中国农历新年相遇时,北京让每个人都在中国偷快地体验了中国 文化。空格处用形容词作宾语补足语,enjoy的形容词形式是enjoyable,故填enjoyable。37 .考查时态。句意:作为世界上
18、首个“双奥之城*北京在克服新冠肺炎疫情带来的困难的同时,高 度重视各方面细节,全力支持奥运会安全顺利举办。根据语境可知,句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过 去时,空格处用过去式paid。故填paid。38 .考查名词。smooth是形容词,修饰名词,根据语境可知,句子表示“北京高度重视各方面细节,全 力支持奥运会安全顺利举办”,空格处意为“运行名词是operation,表“运行”时,operation是不可数名 词,故填 operation。39 .考查介词。句意:北京冬奥会期间出色的场馆服务赢得了运动员们的掌声和称赞。由“itsexceHent venue (场地)services durin
19、g the Games”可知,句子表示“因为出色的场馆服务,北京受到了称赞”,空格 处表示“因为,用介词for,故填for。40 .考查定语从句。句意:其中最棒的场馆之一是首钢滑雪大跳台场馆,见证了 18岁的中国自由式滑 雪运动员谷爱凌,也被称为Eileen Gu的史诗般的胜利。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是定语从句, 从句中缺少主语,先行词Big Air Shougang Olympic venue”是物,因此空格处用关系代词that/which,故 填 that/which。41 .考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,定语从句中谓语是witnessed,空格处用非谓语形式,由固定 短语“be
20、 known as(被称为)”可知,此处省略be,用过去分词作后置定语,故填known。42 .考查副词。句意:谷爱凌高度评价了这个比赛场地,与此同时,所有运动员都说首钢滑雪大跳台 是他们所去过的最好的比赛场地。空格处用副词highly修饰动词spoke, speak highly of是固定短语,意 为“高度评价”,故填highly。43 .考查连词。空后的“all other athletes said the Shougang Big Air was the best of its kind that they had set foot on”和前面的“spoke(high) of th
21、is competition venue”是并列关系,因此用 and,也可用 while 表示“与此同时”,故填and/while。44 .考查时态语态。句意:这个跳台的设计理念来源于甘肃敦煌的传统绘画。develop from从发展 而来,不及物动词短语,因此用主动语态,句子可理解为描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,也可理解为 发生在过去,时态用一般过去时,主语The design concept of this platform”是单数,故填 develops/developed。45.考查不定式。句意:首钢滑雪大跳台是北京市中心唯一的雪赛场馆,对于大跳台运动员来说,在 冷却塔的背景下跳跃是
22、最酷的事情。句中it是形式宾语,空格处用不定式作真正的宾语,故填to jump。Passage DSome people love to read books. They cant get enough of the 36(print) word. Others have a bigappetite for making and eating food. Well, if you are both an 37(enthusiasm) reader and eater, you maywant to take part in an edible book festival,38 you can
23、have your book and eat it, too!In such festivals, people create projects and present 39 to judges. There are two rules: the project mustbe made of food, and it must be based 40 a book. For example, someone might make the chocolate factoryfrom Charlie and the Chocolate Factory with chocolate bars.Som
24、etimes, judges award prizes for the best projects like Best Pun. A pun is a funny play on words that sound similar but have different 41(meaning), like tale and tail. A possible 42(win) for BestPun might show Peter Rabbit, the character from The Tale of Peter Rabbit, with a tail made of marshmallow
25、fluff (棉花糖).43(make) a pun, the project could be called “The Tail of Peter Rabbit,44 title punny enough to make the judges laugh!Given the fun and often silly nature, its not surprising that many of these festivals 45(hold) onApril Fools Day!解析:36. printed 37. enthusiastic 38. where 39. them 40. on4
26、1. meanings42. winner 43. To make44. a 45. are held本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个可食用图书节,在这个节日里,有一些非常有趣的活动,你可 以积极参与,感受节日的快乐。36 .考查非谓语动词。句意:他们对印刷的文字不满足。分析句子结构,此处修饰后面名词word,作 前置定语,因print与word构成被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填printed。37 .考查形容词。句意:好吧,如果你既是一个热情的读者又是一个食客,你可能想参加一个可食用 的图书节,在那里你可以拥有你的书,也可以吃它!此处修饰后面名词reader and eater,作前置定语,
27、 用形容词形式。enthusiastic热情的,符合题意。故填enthusiastic。38 .考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构,此句为非限制性定语从句。先行词book festival在从句 you can have your book and eat it 作状语,用关系副词 where 弓I 导。故填 whereo39 .考查代词。句意:在这样的节日里,人们创建项目并将其呈现给评委。根据句子,此处指代projects, 作宾语用them。故填them。40 .考查介词。句意:有两条规则:项目必须由食物构成,并且必须基于一本书。be based on ”与 为基础”,固定搭配。故填。n。
28、41 .考查名词。句意:双关语是对听起来相似但含义不同的词的一种有趣的戏法,比如故事和尾巴。 根据句意及tale and tail,可知此处meaning (含义)用复数形式,作宾语。故填meanings。42 .考查名词。句意:最佳双关语的一个可能的赢家可能是彼得的故事中的人物彼得兔子。根 据Best Pun及show Peter Rabbit,可推测此处表达“获胜者”作主语,结合前面有a, winner获胜者, 符合题意。故填winner。43 .考查非谓语动词。句意:为了制作双关语,这个项目可以被称为“彼得兔的尾巴”,一个足以让评 委发笑的标题!分析句子结构,此处用非谓语动词。结合语境,
29、表达目的,用不定式短语。故填To make。44 .考查冠词。根据句子结构,此处作The Tail of Peter Rabbit的同位语,泛指“一个足以让评委发笑的标题“,用不定冠词a。故填a。45 .考查动词时态语态。句意:考虑到这种乐趣和愚蠢的天性,许多这样的节日都在愚人节举行也就 不足为奇了!分析句子结构,此处作从句的谓语动词,与前面主语many of these festivals构成被动关系, 讲述现在的事实用一般现在时,主语festivals是复数,故填are held。Passage EThe female Chinese taikonaut Wang Yaping hit h
30、eadlines all over the world. Known for 41 (broadcast) a 40-minute live lesson showing space experiments in the Tiangong-1 space lab, she has drawn42(globe) attention during her space missions.“When I was young, my dream was to go beyond the village and to pay back 43 my parents hadgiven me. Wang rec
31、alled. Her space dream started in 2003 when China sent _44(it) first taikonaut Yang Liwei into space. I watched the bright rocket flame on TV, and an idea flashed through my mind: When will there be 45 female taikonaut? Wang said. At that time, she was already a transport aircraft pilot with two46(y
32、ear) of experience. During desert survival training, she 47(ask) for the same standards as those for males and demanded to train in the pressure chamber (压力再仓)for an extra 30 minutes each time. You cant catch a break 48(simple) for being a woman J Wang said. Her efforts were not 49 vain.Wangs lesson
33、 painted a space world fbr children and earned her millions of hits on social media, where she has 50(know) as a “space heroine”.解析:41. broadcasting42. global43. what 44. its 45. a46 . years 47. asked 48. simply 49. in50. been known这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国女宇航员王亚平登上了世界各地的头条。她以在天宫一号空间实 验室直播40分钟的太空实验而闻名,在她的太空任
34、务中,她吸引了全球的关注。41 .考查非谓语动词。句意:她以在天宫一号空间实验室直播40分钟的太空实验而闻名,在她的太空 任务中,她吸引了全球的关注。介词for后面需加动名词作宾语。故填broadcasting。42 .考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词attention需用形容词作定语。故填global。43 .考查宾语从句。句意:“我年轻的时候,我的梦想是走出村庄,报答父母给我的一切。”空处引导 宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,需用连接代词what引导。故填what。44 .考查代词。句意:她的太空梦始于2003年,当时中国将首位宇航员杨利伟送入太空。修饰名词 taikonaut需用形容词性物主代词i
35、ts。故填its。45 .考查冠词。句意:“我在电视上看到了明亮的火箭火焰,一个想法闪过我的脑海:什么时候会有女 宇航员? taikonaut为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且female发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a修饰。 故填a。46 .考查名词。句意:当时,她已经是一名有两年经验的运输机飞行员。year为可数名词,tw。后面需 加可数名词复数形式。故填years。47 .考查动词时态。句意:在沙漠生存训练中,她提出了与男性相同的标准,并要求每次在压力舱中 额外训练30分钟。空处和demanded为并列的谓语,需用一般过去时。故填asked。48 .考查副词。句意:“你不可能仅仅因为是女人而
36、得到休息,”王说。修饰介词短语for being a woman 需用副词作状语。故填simply。49 .考查介词。句意:她的努力没有白费。invain为固定短语,意为“徒劳,白费二故填in。50 .考查动词时态语态。句意:王亚平的课为孩子们描绘了一个太空世界,她在社交媒体上获得了数 百万的点击量,被称为“太空女英雄where引导的非限制性定语从句缺少谓语,she和know为被动关 系,需用被动语态,结合空前的“has”可知,此处为现在完成时的被动语态。故填been known。Passage FThanks to smartphones and watches, its never dif
37、ficult to find out what the time is nowadays. However, in ancient times, people werent able to figure out the time of day so 41(easy).In classic Chinese martial arts novels, we might see the phrase “the time it takes to burn an incense (香)stick” 42(use) to describe the deadline for a contest (比武). I
38、ndeed, this method was used by monks (和尚)as 43 way to keep track of time during meditation.However, you may wonder how long 44 takes to burn an incense stick. Of course, it depends onmany factors, such as the air temperature and wind speed. Generally, however, the phrase “to burn an incense stick”45
39、(suggest) one hour.There are also other similar phrases, such as “the time it takes to drink a cup of tea”,46 means timefor hot tea to cool down before one can drink it. It is about 10 to 15 minutes.But as the 47(year) have gone by, people 48(change) the definitions of these ancienttime-telling meth
40、ods. In ancient China, “the time it takes to eat a meal*49(be) about an hour. These days, with our fast-paced lifestyles,50(eat) a meal usually takes around half that time.解析:41. easily 42. used43. a44. it 45. suggests46. which 47. years 48. have changed49. was50. eating这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了中国古代的计时方式。41 .考查
41、副词。句意:然而,在古代,人们无法如此轻易地算出一天中的时间。easy的副词形式easily 意为“轻易地”,修饰该句中的副词so作状语。故填easily。42 .考查非谓语动词。句意:在中国古典武侠小说中,我们可能会看到“烧香所需的时间”这个习语 被用来描述比武的最后期限。分析句子结构可知,该句谓语动词是might see , use与逻辑主语phrase之 间是被动关系,故要用过去分词形式used作宾语补足语。故填used。43 .考查冠词。句意:事实上,这种方法被和尚用作冥想时记录时间的一种途径。该句中way是可数 名词,泛指一种途径,其首字母是辅音音素,该名词前应该用不定冠词a修饰。故
42、填a。44 .考查代词。句意:然而,你可能想知道烧香需要多长时间。分析句子结构可知,这是一个宾语从 句,从句中“花费时间做某事“用it takes +时间to do,真正的主语是动词不定式to burn an incense stick., 因此应该用代词it作形式主语。故填it。【45题详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:然而,一般来说,“烧一柱香”这个习语意味着一个小时。 该句主语the phrase是单数形式,结合句意阐述一般性事实,谓语动词应该用一般现在时,因此,谓语动 词应该用单数suggests。故填suggests。【46题详解】考查定语从句。句意:还有其他类似的短语,如“喝一杯茶所
43、需的时间”,意思是在人 能喝之前,热茶冷却的时间。分析句子结构可知,这是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词phrases,关系词 在从句中作主语,应该用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。47 .考查名词的数。句意:但是随着岁月的流逝,人们已经改变了这些古代计时方法的定义。名词year 意为“年”,是可数名词,根据句意,此处随着岁月的流逝,表示过去了很多年,应该用复数形式years。 故填years o48 .考查时态。分析句意可知,句意阐述阐述“已经改变”表示现在已经完成的事情,谓语动词现在 完成时 have changedo 故填 have changedo49 .考查时态和主谓一致。句
44、意:在中国古代,“吃饭的时间”大约是一个小时。分析句意可知,根 据句中时间状语In ancient China,阐述中国古代是过去的事实,谓语动词用一般过去时,该句主语“the time it takes to eat a meal ”是一个习语,谓语动词应该用单数;be动词的一般过去时单数形式是was。 故填waso50 .考查非谓语动词。句意:如今,随着我们快节奏的生活方式,吃一顿饭通常需要花费大约一半的 时间。分析句子结构可知,句子主语是“吃一顿饭”,谓语动词是“takes ,eat应该用动名词形式eating 作主语。故填eating o时可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态
45、,与现在没有关系,常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday 等过去的时间状 语连用。有些句子,虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语,但 实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态,也要用一般过去时。常见的有:know, think, expect, want 等。“shall/will+动词原形”表示从现在看以后将要发生 的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语几 tomorrow, next year, in+一段时间等连用。其中 shall般通常用于第一人称,w川可用于各种人称。“will+动 癖来词原形”还可以表示
46、说话时临时做出的决定。时 “be going to+动词原形”表示按计划打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。“be to+动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动 作;也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事, 一般 该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。将来按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作, 时用一般现在时代替一般将来时。只限于go, arrive,leave, start, stay, return, begin, come 等动词。表示位置转移的动词(短语),如:go, come, leave, start, arri
47、ve, return, run out等,可用现在进行时表示 即将发生或计划要做的事。and culture there.史密斯先生到中国几个月后, 就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。Edward, you play so well. But I didnt know you could play the piano.爱德华,你弹得真好。但是 我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直在刻
48、苦学习功课, 他们的努力(将来)最终会获得成功。Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯博士 将在今年夏天和他的妻女一起游览北京。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock. 10 点前你必须得上交试卷。The meeting is to be held at 3 oclock this afternoon.会议将于今天下午3点举行。The train is about to start 火车就要开了。The shop cl