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1、JICHU ZHISHI SHULIUNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION基础知识梳理构建知识体系课标单词背诵（先填后背）1. astronaut n.宇航员；太空人2. procedure n.程序；步骤；手续3. mental .精神的；思想的4. rocket n.火箭；火箭弹5. gravity n.重力；引力6. frontiern.边境；国界；边远地区7. vehicle n.交通工具；车辆8. universe n.宇宙；天地万物9. determine .查明;确定；决定10. satellite n.人造卫星；卫星11. orbit n.（环绕地球、太阳等运行的）轨
2、道；势力范围”.&应.沿轨道运行; 环绕运行12. mankind n.人类13. agency n.（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处14. data n. pl.资料；数据15. desire h.渴望；欲望”.渴望；期望16. muscle n.肌肉；实力；影响力17. otherwise 4do.否贝U ；要不然18. beyond.在更远处;超出19. solar adj.太阳的；太阳能的20. current力.当前的;现在的n.水流；电流；思潮21. sufficient。力.足够的；充足的At Union Station in Los Angeles last month,
3、a board went up with dollar bills attaching to it with pins.attachingattached链接写作词汇升级（普通表达）Since the school thinks this event is very important, we must try our best to win the gold medal.（高级表达）Since the school attaches great importance to this event, we must try our best to win the gold medal.6. re
4、sult in导致；造成高考原旬2019江苏卷However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.result in sth.导致某事；产生某事result in （sb.） doing sth.导致/使（某人）做某事result from （doing） sth.是（做）某事造成的；因（做）某事而产生的结果Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.专家说， 这是一种无价
5、的社会实践，可以带来巨大的好处。基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错He leaked trade secrets which resulted in some people making quick profits.The survey shows these policies have resulted in many elderly people sufferingfsuffer） hardship.The industrial revolution resulting in the invention of the steam engine is important for modern p
6、eople.infrom链接写作一句多译很明显，这次交通事故是由他的粗心驾驶引起的。It was obvious that his careless driving resulted in the traffic accident.It was obvious that the traffic accident resulted from his careless driving.7. rim out用完；耗尽（l）run out of用完；耗尽（及物动词短语）use up用完；耗尽（及物动词短语）give out用完；耗尽（不及物动词短语）（2）run across偶然遇到run after
7、 追赶； 追求run into撞上；遇到run over碾过；轧过基础练习单句语法填空With its petrol running(run) out, our car came to a stop and we had to walk to the village.The climbers are in a very difficult situation because theyve run out of their drinks and food.链接写作语境填空(填入run out, run out of, use up, give out的适当形式)Half way to the d
8、estination, we had already used up/nm out of food and drinking water. My husband and I wanted to find a motel before our gas raa out/gave out/was used up/was nm out of, but without luck. Our car finally broke down and we had to walk all the way forward. An hour and a half later, we arrived at a mote
9、l at last with my strength almost giving out/nmning out/used up. But to our despair, we found that our money had been nm out of/used up. What a day!8. 教材原句Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find answers.仰望星空，人们总是想更多地了解太空，科学家也努力寻找
10、答案。句法句式Looking up at the stars为分词短语作状语。分词短语放在句 首，一般是作时间、原因、条件状语。现在分词作状语时，分词动作与 句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，分词动作与 句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。【金句推送】Walking on the way home, the children sang and laughed loudly all the time.走在回家的路上，孩子们一直在唱，在大声笑。基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错(X)Exercising(exercise) on a regular basis, you will ge
11、t rid of the trouble of gaining weight.d)Compared(compare) with the western medicine，s high fees, the traditionalChinese medicine has a reasonable price that ordinary people can afford.Believed the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off theedge of the earth.Believedf Believing链接写
12、作完成句子考虑到他的解决方案不切实际，我试图用另一种方法来解决此问题。Thinking Khat his solution was impractical, I attempted to work out the problem in a different way. 关键能力评估一GUANJIAN NENGLI PINGGU强化运用技能夯基固本基础落实I .用所给词的正确形式填空。1. r m afraid T m going to have to stop you short there, as time is running(run) out.2. Mike left home, det
13、ermined(determine) never to come back until he made a fortune.3. At first we didnt feel we belong here, but now we are attached(attach) to the land we live on.4. Nicotine may cause the teenage brain to develop abnormally, resulting(result) in changes to the neural tissue.5. Any country desiring to s
14、ell(sell) products to American consumers needs to produce them based on American standards.II .改正下列句子中的错误。1. Viewed the earth from space, astronauts find that it looks like a huge blue ball .Viewedf Viewing2. The policeman signaled to me pull over and then gave me a speeding ticket. pull 前力口 to3. Th
15、e couple, being trapped in the sudden flood, had no other choice but to wait for rescue.去掉 being4. Lacking of confidence accounted for his failure in the College Entrance Examination,去掉 of 或 Lackingf Lack5. As we get older, our reactions slow down and this often results from people avoiding any pote
16、ntial challenges,from-inin.在空白处填入一个适当的词。1. In China, drunk driving doesn51 simply result in fines; the driver may face legal punishment2. It took the delivery boy over half an hour to argue the customer into withdrawing his complaint.3. When my daughter Becky was ten, she and my husband, Joe, were u
17、nited in their desire for a dog.4. While the earthJ s natural resources are running out, humans will face an increasingly severe survival crisis.5. Many Beijingers want to send their children to the high school attached to Beijing Normal University.查缺补漏知识拾遗I .用所给词的正确形式填空。1. Following(follow) his fat
18、her，s death, he took charge of the family business.2. Johnson struggles to earn a lot of money because he has six children to provide(provide) for.3. I was beginning to feel alarm, but kept it to myself so as not to worry(worry) my two friends.4. Light, the fastest thing known(know) in the universe,
19、 takes over 4 years to reach the nearest star system.5. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, saying(say) that I had a talent for football.n.在空白处填入一个适当的词。1. When Henrys father died, his mother found it difficult to provide for a large family.2. A small mistake can lead to an acc
20、ident that/which kills everyone on the spaceship.3. . He may not mind dying in the fight he has long prepared for.4. These disasters made scientists sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.5. Some people argue that we should find immediate solutions to problems like p
21、ollution and fatal diseases.强技提能语言应用I .语法填空短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括 号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。Uranus wasnt 1 .universally(universal) accepted as a planet until two years after its discovery. It is the 2.seventh(seven) planet discovered in the Solar System that also resulted in the discovery of the l
22、ast planet, Neptune. Uranus, 3.having(have) 27 known natural satellites, is commonly referred to as an ice giant, with its mass roughly 14.5 times that of Earth. It orbits the sun quite unusually, being the only planet 4.whose equator is nearly at a right angle to its orbit. Uranus is 5.hotter(hot)
23、at its equator than at its poles. Due to the lack of sufficient evidence, astronomers haven51 yet figured out why this is so. Uranus，s atmosphere 6,appears(appear) quite bland in comparison to the other giant planets, especially to Neptune whom it otherwise closely resembles. However, new data 7. an
24、alysis (analyze) shows that the planet has a dynamic weather pattern, revealing 8.an astonishing amount of complexity in Uranus s atmosphere. Images from Voyager 2, the most successful vehicle for deep space missions ever 9.1aunched(launch) and the first spacecraft to fly by Uranus, have confirmed t
25、hat there are traces of carbon dioxide and hydrogen in its atmosphere, lO.but so far no image of the presence of oxygen has been provided.n.文本写作Step 1.要点提示(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)2020年12月17日凌晨1时59分，中国发射的航天器嫦娥五号携带装有 月球样品的容器成功返回。At 1 ： 59 a. m. on December 17, 2020, Chang e-5, a spacecraft launched by China,
26、 successfully returned home with a container holding lunar samples.这次成功着陆标志着中国探月计划又向前迈进了一步。The successful landing signaled one step further in China，s plan to explore the moon.我们期望，继嫦娥五号飞船之后，另一枚大型航天器能把我们的宇航员送 上月球进行探索。We desire that another big spacecraft can send our astronauts to the moon for explo
27、ration, following the vehicle Chang e-5.相信，有一天，我们更多的自主开发的航天器继续进行太空探索，以期发 现更多的宇宙秘密。Its believed that one day more of our independently developed spacecraft will carry on space exploration in the hope of finding out more secrets of the universe.Step 2.衔接成文（利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇）_At 1： 59 a. m. on December 1
28、7, 2020, Chang e-5, a spacecraft launched by China, successfully retained home with a container holding lunar samples. The successful landing signaled one step further in Chinas plan to explore the moon. We desiie that another big spaceciaft can send our astronauts to the moon for exploration, follo
29、wing the vehicle Chang e-5, Its believed that one day more of ou】independently developed spacecraft will carry on space exploration in the hope of finding out more secrets of the universe.22. towel n.毛巾；抹布23. tissue n.纸巾；（人、动植物细胞的）组织24. facility n.设施；设备25. globe n.地球；世界；地球仪26. shallow/.肤浅的；浅的27. pat
30、tern n.模式；图案；模范28. monitor n.监视器；监测仪”.监视；监测；监控29. resource n.资源；财力；物力30. oxygen n. 氧； 氧气单词拼写.运用派生单词1. intelligence n.智力；智能 intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的;语境运用用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Children are not born with equal核心单词语境运用1. attach ”系；绑； 贴2. signal vt. & vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 机信号；标志3. lack n.缺乏;短缺 ”.没有；缺乏4. launch vt.&n.
31、 发 射；发起；上市5. recycle ”回收利 用；再利用6. float况.浮动；漂 流；漂浮”.使浮动； 使漂流用所给词的适当形式填空。1. The tiny rocket attached(attach) to the craft is designed to push the craft toward Mars.2. He pointed to the chair in front of him, signaling(signal) to the interviewee to sit.3. For those lacking(lack) self-confidence, this
32、special training program will be of great benefit.4. China is already one of the only three nations to have launcheddaunch) manned spacecraft on their own.5. In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with recycled cans.(recycle)6.
33、We float around in the air and the slightest touch may send us floating(float) off in the opposite direction.有智力的2. disappoint ”使失望 disappointed。的失望的；沮丧 的一disappointing 的.令人失望的； 令人沮丧的f disappointment n. 失 望；沮丧3. limit ”.限制；限定九界限;限 度f limited adj .有限的 -limitation n.范围；限制4. depend况.依靠；依赖；取决于 fdependen
34、t/.依赖的；依靠的 f dependently 4do.依赖地；从属 地；有瘾地f dependence几.依赖; 依靠一independence.独立；自主 -independent 的.独立的；自立的 independently 以上独立地；自立 地5. regular.定期的；经常的； 正常的f regularly ado.经常；定期 地6. argue论证；争辩；争论f argument几.争论；争吵；论 点f arguable。力.可辩论的；可论intelligence, but dull ones can become asintelligent as others if tau
35、ght properly.(intelligent)2. To many peoples disappointment, the swimmer，s performance in the 1, 500 meter freestyle at the 2020 Olympic Games was really disappointing. But he himself wasnt disappointed not to have reached the final, saying that he decided to train even harder and would not disappoi
36、nt his fans in thenext game.(disappoint)3. The Browns are regulars to ourrestaurant, who come here for supper regularly. Of course, we give these legularcustomers a discount on all their orders.(regular)4. Because of being too fat, Wei Fang began to place a limitation on the amount of the food she a
37、te. For a time, her diet was limited to fruits and vegetables. Limiting the intake of tea to three or four cups a day was another weight loss method suggestedby a doctor.(limit)5. Depending on a survey, Tunisia cannot证的；无把握的；有疑问的高考热点-熟词生义even produce basic daily products independently, and the count
38、ry? s economic growth has been heavily dependent on tourism since its independence, (depend)选出黑体字在句中的正确汉语意思1. (2021 .新高考卷 I )It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids fortemporary help during our spring break, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records.AA.除了B.超越C.迟于
39、2. （2021 八省市新高考模拟演练）In return for a food reward one bear, Brutus, would touch the more heavily dotted pattern with his nose.CA.模式B.模范C.图案3. （2020全国卷H【）She was displeased with absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a u regular v BA.频繁B.常客C.定期短语理解运用高频短语语境运用
40、1. result in 导致；造成2. as a result 所以；结果 (是)3. run out用完；耗尽4. so as to(do sth.)为了；以便5. figure out 弄懂；弄清 楚；弄明白6. carry on继续做；坚 持干7. on board 在宇宙飞船 上；在船上；在飞机上8. in the hope of doing sth. 抱着的希望9. in closing 最后选用左面短语的适当形式填空。1. More than 200 stores will be closed nationwide, resulting in the layoffs of an
41、estimated 2, 000 employees.2. His car alarm had been going off for two days and, as a result, the battery was flat.3. r m afraid you will miss the deadline, as time is running out.4. College is when we should focus on a specific major, but high school is when we have to figure out what we 11 major i
42、n.5. They decided to carry on with their experiment despite the strong opposition from some other scientists.6. The captain refused to leave his sinking ship while there were others on board.7. The climbers kept on moving upward in the hope of reaching the top with one last effort.句式辨识运用教材原句背诵句式结构仿写
43、1 .过去分词短语作伴随状语Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the firstChinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.教授走出了实验室，后面紧跟着一组 学生。The professor walked out of the laboratory, closely followed by a group of students.2.动名词短语作主语Firstl
44、y, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.坐飞机旅行很贵，但却节省时间。Travelling by plaan is expensive, but saves time.3.倍数表达法Olympus Mons, the largest volcano on Mars, is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma.一般来说，飞机飞行高度是风筝的十 倍。Generally speaking, a plane flies ten tim
45、es as high as a kite.重难考点探究ZHONGNAN KAODIAN TANJIU突破思维瓶颈1. determine 查明；确定；决定高考原句2021 全国甲卷And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.(1 )determine to do sth.决定做某事be determined to do sth.决心做某事(2)determinatio
46、n n. 决心、with determination 坚决地He is a determined, brave and warm-hearted young man.他是一个坚定、勇敢、 热心的年轻人。厂语块存储Xbe determined to make it to the top 决心要出人头地make a determined effort to stop smoking 痛下决心戒烟wear a bright and determined smile面带灿烂而坚定的微笑基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错The determined(determine) look on his face s
47、howed that he had plenty of confidence in himself.Despite great poverty of his family, the little boy carried on with his studies with determination(determine).The teacher5 s encouraging words made him even more determined to spending his life working on his musical dream.spendingf spend链接写作完成句子他下定决
48、心刻苦学习，在墙壁上凿了一个洞从邻居家“借”光在夜间读书。Determined to study hard, he bored a hole in the wall to “ borrow “ light from his neighbor to read at night.(形容词短语作状语)名师指津高考中常把determined to do sth.作状语的用法作为考查点，有类 似用法的还有 lost in, caught in, absorbed in 等。2. desire n.渴望；欲望”渴望；期望(1 )have a desire for. /to do.渴望/渴望做(2)desire to