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1、JICHU ZHISHI SHULIUNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS基础知识梳理构建知识体系课标单词背诵（先填后背）disaster n.灾难；灾害1. drought n.旱灾；久旱slide vi.&vt.（shd9 slid）（使）滑行;滑动2. flood 洪水；大量比.淹没；大量涌入”.使灌满水；淹没destroy ”.摧毁;毁灭3. death n.死；死亡shelter几.避难所；居所；庇护”.保护；掩蔽式.躲避（风雨或危险）4. percent n.百分之adj.&adv.每一百中brick n.砖；砖块5. metal n.金属effort n.努力；艰难的尝
2、试；尽力6. wisdom n.智慧；才智context n.上下文；语境；背景7. volcano n. （/?Z.-oes or -os）火山typhoon n.台风8. hurricane n.（尤指西大西洋的）飓风power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力9. pipe n.管子；管道calm。力.镇静的:沉着的”.使平静；使镇静10. aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资伪rm）帮助；援助kjtn.成套工具；成套设备11. 碰撞；撞击n.撞车；碰撞基础练习单句语法填空I dont know how you can manage to survive on your small sala
3、ry.The survivor(survive) from the plane crash could do nothing but wait for rescue on an island.(3)If he couldnt find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival(survive).链接写作句式升级(普通表达)After we survived the crisis, we believed that our company would have a brighter future.(高级
4、表达)Having survived the crisis, we believed that our company would have a brighter future.(现在分词短语作状语)名师指津survive表示“幸免于”时，是及物动词，因而不需要加多余的 介词in, from等。7 . effect”.课本义影响；结果；效果增补义效力高考原句2020新高考卷 I To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.side effec
5、ts副作用come/go into effect 生效bring/carry/put. into effect 实施； 使生效/起作用have an effect/influence on/upon 对产生影响in effect有效；实际上(2)effectiveB/.有效的；有影响的Reading books of traditional culture can have a good effect on the children.阅读 传统文化书籍对孩子们有很好的影响。基础练习单句语法填空One of the most effective(effect) ways to reduce st
6、ress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.The decision was made yesterday and will remain in effect until further government instructions.链接写作一句多译全球变暖正在对全世界数百种动植物产生重大影响。Global warming is having a great effect on/upon hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.(effect)Global wa
7、rming is greatly affecting hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.(affect)8 . put up课本义竖起；建造增补义张贴；举起；留宿put off推迟，拖延put in加入，放入put forward提出，提前put up with容忍，忍受；受苦put aside储存；留出基础练习写出句中黑体部分的含义The names of the candidates for the post will be put up on the college noticeboard.张贝占He decide
8、d that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.留宿Please put up your hand if you are in favour of this decision.举起A new supermarket will be put up in this neighborhood next year.建造链接写作完成句子我想人们对这种胡闹总有一个承受极限。I think there is a limit to how much of this nonsense pe
9、ople are going to put up with.鼓励孩子们存一些零花钱以备不时之需。The children are encouraged to put aside some of thein pocket money for a rainy day.我们所有人都很高兴，一个合适的解决办法已由女主席提出来了。All of us are delighted that a proper solution has already been put forward by the chairwoman.9 .教材原甸 It seemed as if the world were coming
10、 to an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！句法句式(l)It seems/seemed (to sb.) as if.意为“(对某人来说)似乎 ；as if在句中引导表语从句。(2)asif除了引导表语从句，也可引导状语从句。(3)as if从句中可使用虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had +过去分词”；与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/couki/might+动词原形”。【金句推送】It seemed almost as if he were falling in slow motion.他看上去几 乎是以慢动作倒下的。基础练习单句语法填空
11、/单句改错 He shrugged his shoulders as if to say (say) that there was nothing he could do about it.The professor paused as if expec2ng(expect) his students to ask questions on the point he had just made.(3)When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it is broken.第二个 is f were链接写作完成句子一对年轻
12、夫妇在船上吃饭，谈笑风生，好像他们是世界上仅有的人。A young couple was eating on the boat, talking and laughing loud as if they were the only people in the world.名师指津as if/though从句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名词、介词短语、 形容词、不定式或分词。10 .教材原句Water, food, and electricity were hard to qet.水、食物和电都难以获得。句法句式“主语+be+a6:+不定式”结构中，用不定式的主动形 式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备
13、两个前提条件：(1)不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；(2)常用形容词有：good, difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, interesting, exciting 等。【金句推送】The paper is not easy to keep, but the QR code is easy to keep and share.纸质的东西不容易保存，但二维码很容易保存和共享。名师指津不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为 不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词。如：She is a woman easy to deal with but d
14、ifficult to work with.基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错The problem looks rather easy, but in fact it is very hard to deal with.His purpose of writing the article is not very easy to figure.figure 后力口 out链接写作完成句子在四个季节中，春天是我最喜欢的季节，因为早晨的空气呼吸起来棒极了。Of the four seasons, I like spring the best because the morning air is goo
15、d to breathe.李萍虽不健谈，但并不难相处。Li Ping is not talkative, but she is not difficult to get along with.关健能力评估GUANJIAN NENGLI PINGGU强化运用技能夯基固本基础落实I .用所给词的正确形式填空。1. Group exercise is one of the most effective(effect) ways to maintain a healthy lifestyle.2. This machine is very easy to operate(operate) and ev
16、erybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.3. With so many miners buried(bury) under the mine, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.4. The earthquake was so violent that we found most of the houses completely destroyed(destroy).5. A large number of soldiers were sent to the village
17、s to rescue(rescue) those trapped under the ruins.IL改正下列句子中的错误。1. With so many problems to be solve, the manager is like a cat on a hot brick.去 掉be2. . The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffered from early heart condition .suffered f suffering3. The child stood there staring at the coming tige
18、r, as if he is frozen to the spot.iswere4. Perhaps the most difficult challenge is what to survive with no one to turn to. what-how5. It suddenly struck on me that I had left my luggage at the airport when I arrived home去掉 onIII.在空白处填入一个适当的词。1. The earthquake did much damage; lots of houses fell dow
19、n and numbers of people were trapped in the ruins.2. Honestly speaking, I am afraid I cant help you solve the difficult problem because its beyond my power.3. We clean the house to sweep away bad luck before the Spring Festival, which is a typical Chinese tradition.4. The doctor advised the man to g
20、ive up smoking immediately or his illness would become more serious.5. To my surprise, he talked of other cultures as ifVthough they were more familiar to him than his own.查缺补漏知识拾遗I .用所给词的正确形式填空。1. The signs of an economic revival(revive) are only just beginning after the serious economic crisis.2.
21、How the young woman met her death(die) will probably never be known by the public.3. When we visited my old family home, memories came flooding(flood) back.4. His idea seems strange, but his efforts(effort) to improve the situation are to be applauded.5. A storm packing 75 mph winds swept(sweep) acr
22、oss the area last night, causing great damage.n .在空白处填入一个适当的词。1. Our team of experts will be on hand to offer help and advice between 12 noon and 7 p. m. daily.2. My friends along with me often sleep out under the stars, and eat our meals in the open air.3. Now the sandbar is a thick forest and home
23、 to thousands of plants and animals of rare species.4. She could at least get back on her feet again after the hospital provided free treatment.5. Those employees sat there in shock, unable to believe they had been fired by the company.强技提能语言应用I .语法填空短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括 号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短
24、文。A terrible earthquake struck this area last week, 1.which shocked the whole country. Great damage was done to river dams, coal mines and railway tracks. Numerous houses 2.were destroyed(destrny), many streets became cracked and a few gas 3.pipes(pipe) burst. It seemed as if the world was coming to
25、 4.an end. The local government responded 5.quickly (quick) to this disaster and many soldiers and workers were sent to the rescue. People 6.trapped(trap) under the ruins were safely dug out and the injured 7.were(be) sincerely cared for. Shelter, food and fresh water were offered to the 8. surviyor
26、s(survive). Volunteers from all walks of life did everything 9.in their power to help the towns and villages here breathe again. This disaster also attracted worldwide attention, thus 10.reducing(reduce) the loss to a minimum.H.文本写作Step 1 .要点提示（利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子）一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。强烈的地震发生了。One night, ever
27、ything began to shake. There came a strong earthquake.房屋倒塌，管道爆裂，电力中断。许多人受伤，有些人被埋在废墟下。Houses collapsed, with pipes bursting and electricity cut off. Many people got injured and some were buried under the ruins.许多人被困，充满绝望。A number of people were trapped, full of despair.并非所有的希望都破灭了。不久后，士兵和志愿者赶来救援。Not
28、all hope was lost. It wasn，t long before soldiers and volunteers came to the rescue.成千上万的人被救了出来。飞机、火车和卡车也运来了食品和饮用水。Hundreds of thousands of people were helped out. Planes, trains and trucks also brought food and diinking water.慢慢地，全城又恢复了生机。Slowly, the city came back to life again.Step 2,衔接成文（利用恰当的过渡
29、衔接词语连句成篇）One night, everything began to shake. People soon realized that there came a strong earthquake. Houses collapsed, with pipes bursting and electricity cut off. Many people got injured and some were buried under the 】uins. A large numbci of people were trapped, full of despair. But not all ho
30、pe was lost. It wasn t long before soldiers and volunteers came to the rescue. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped out Planes, trains and trucks brought food and drinking water. Slowly, the city came back to life again.23. sweep yz.&y/.（swept, swept）打扫； 清扫24. wave n.海浪；波浪。上挥手；招手25. summary n
31、.总结；概括；概要26. effect n.影响；结果；效果单词拼写.运用核心单词语境运用1. rescue几& .营救;救援2. damage ”损害;破坏损 坏；损失3. trap .使落入险境:使陷 入圈套n.险境；陷阱4. bury ”.埋葬;安葬5. supply n.供应（量）；补给； 以补给品”.供应;供给6. strike vi. & ”侵袭;突击； 击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击7. ruin n. & ”破坏；毁坏8. emergency n.突发事件； 紧急情况用所给词的适当形式填空。1. It suddenly struck(strike) me how we could i
32、mprove the present situation.2. As this lock is damaged/has been damaged(damage), this door won，t open.3. It rained heavily for two weeks on end, completely ruining(ruin) our holiday.4. Miners trapped(trap) underground after the sudden collapse of the mine have not yet been rescued.5. Buried(bury) i
33、n reading, she didn，t notice her mother standing aside for a while.6. He cares for the poor families and often supplies(supply) food and clothing to the children in the mountain areas.7. The survivors who are waiting to be rescued(rescue) are faced with a shortage of drinking water, food and medicin
34、e.8. There re many emergencies(emergency) that need immediate first aid treatment.派生单词语境运用1- shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事； 休克 切.（使）震惊f shocking adj.用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Tom had a deep affection for hisgrandfather, so he was deeply affected by2. The electricity there has gone off because of a electrical fault. The el
35、ectric supply will be restored in several hours.(electric)3. I climbed up the mountain to breathe the fresh air. I became breathless when I was on the top, but the breath of fresh air was4. Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase one，s chances of survival. Thanks to their swimming skills,
36、Jack and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood yesterday, and actually they are the only few survivors of the village.(survive)5. Smoking and ash from the erupting volcano immediately showered down on the6. The road has a total length of two miles only, so the workers have decided to7
37、. If you pay in advance, the goods will be delivered without delay, and the delivery is8. We were shocked at the shocking news that he unexpectedly died yesterday.(shock) 9. We cant imagine the suffering that the令人震惊的；骇人的f shocked 时.（感到）震惊的2 . electric。力.用电的；电动的； 带电的f electrical电的；与电有关的f electricity
38、n.电；电能 3. breath n.呼吸；气息f breathe vi. & a呼吸f breathless 皿/.气喘 吁吁的；喘不过气来的3 .suffer.遭受；蒙受况.（因疾病、 痛苦、悲伤等）受苦sufferingn.痛苦；受难f sufferer.受难 者；患病者5 .erupt vi. & vt.（火山）爆发；（岩 浆、烟等）喷出f eruption n.爆发; 喷发. deliver vi. & .递送；传达 vt. 发表f delivery传递；交付；递送. affect”.影响;（疾病）侵袭；深 深打动f affection 喜爱:钟爱; 爱情6 .long 力.长的；冗
39、长的f length n. 长； 长度f lengthen加长； 延长9. survive况生存;存活 ”.幸存; 艰难度过一survival n.生存;幸存; 幸存事物f survivor n.生还者； 幸存者his grandfathers death.(affect) worth it.(breath) town after the eruption.(erupt) lengthen it.(long) free of charge.(deliver) sufferer is sufering now.(suffer)高考热点熟词生义逐出黑色字在句中的正确汉语意基1. （2019全国卷
40、I ）The likables? plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.AA.开发；发掘B.轻敲；轻拍C.水龙头2. （2018浙江卷）Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed
41、America from a farm-based society into an industrial power. CA.电力B.权利C.强国3. （2017天5聿卷）1 sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project.It worked perfectly. Donations began flooding in from hundreds of people. AA.大量涌入B.淹没C.洪水短语理解运用高频短语语境运用1. as if似乎；好像；仿佛2. in ruins严重受损；破败不堪3. in shoc
42、k震惊；吃惊4. . be/become home to 的家园5. sweep away消灭；彻底消除6. . come to an end 结束7. get back up on one，s feet重新站起来8. in the open air 露天； 在户外9. on hand现有（尤指帮助）10. put up提出；建造；举起； 张贴11. as if似乎；好像；仿佛12. in ruins严重受损；破败不堪13. in shock震惊；吃惊14. . be/become home to 的家园15. sweep away消灭；彻底消除16. . come to an end 结束1
43、7. get back up on one，s feet重新站起来18. in the open air 露天； 在户外19. on hand现有（尤指帮助）20. put up提出；建造；举起； 张贴选用左面短语的适当形式填空。1. I helped him put up some shelves in the bedroom that he had just moved into.2. I can still remember our wedding very clearly as if it were yesterday.3. This country was once proud of
44、 its education system but now it seems to bein ruins.4. The war came to an end and the people had to make every effort to reconstructtheir country.5. He took care of the spring every day, and swept away all the leaves and other things that would make the water dirty.句式辨识运用重难考点探究教材原句背诵句式结构仿写1 .too .
45、to .Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.这个男孩很小，举不起这么重的石头。The boy is too youvg to raise so heavy a stone.2.it seemed as if.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!他好像已经知道了刚才所发生的一切。 It seemnd as if he had learned about everything that had jus
46、t happened.3 .主语+be+M/+不定式Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.众所周知，山里的空气呼吸起来很舒服。As we all know, the air in the mountains is comfortable to breathe.4.make it difficult(for sb.) to do.However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difflcult to deliver food and supplies.它们不仅使人们在
47、晚上睡觉困难，而且还 损害着我们具有历史价值的房子和商店。They not only make it difficult for people to sleep at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest.ZHONGNAN KAODIAN TANJ1U突破思维瓶颈1. affect”.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动高考原句2020全 国卷like anyone for whom you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad.(l)be deeply/greatly affected by.被深深地打动be affected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉be affected with high fever 发高烧(2)affection n.喜爱；感情I still have affection for my old school.我依然眷恋着母校。厂语块存储、make a decision which affects our live