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1、Module 4 Which English?词汇短语1. instantly adv. 立即，马上He has an instantly recognizable face.他长着一副一眼就能认出来的面孔。instantly conj. 一就Tell me instantly he arrives home.他一到家就告我。2. count v.很重要彳艮有价值His opinions count because of his experience.因为他有经验，所以他的意见很重要。It/That doesnt count.那不算数/重要。count on/upon = rely on 依赖
2、;依靠;期待;指望You cant always count on the help from others.你不能总是指望别人的帮助。3. debate n.言寸论;辩论A fierce debate on the tax cut was going on.一场围绕着减税的辩论正在激烈地进行中。debate v.讨论;争论Whether he deserves what has happened to him is open to debate. 他是否罪有应得还有待于讨论。(1) have/hold a debate on/over/about 举行一场关于的辩论under debate
3、在讨论中The whole question is still under debate.整个问题还在讨论之中。(2) debate sth with sb 与某人讨论某事The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries： China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers-the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India.When the two mother rivers g
4、ave birth to the Eastern cultures, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain一the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. Take t
5、he language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. But whats more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recen
6、t centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.The differences are everywhere. But different cultures make the world of 21 st century more colorful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle （障而疑） to the civilization of human beings. It ought to b
7、e the motivation of our going farther.A. Let us work together to keep a variety of culture.B. One important thing is to learn about other cultures.C. Other causes like human race difference count as well.D. They affect peoples ways of thinking and their views of the world.E. And these two are well-k
8、nown as the base of the European culture.F. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.G. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.1. 2.3.4.5.答案阅读理解14 BCBD 58 BDDA阅读七选五15 FGECD(3) debate on/over/about 就辩论4. acquire v.得到，获得She acquire
9、d a good knowledge of English by careful study.她通过认真学习精通了英语。She has acquired a taste for bananas recently.她最近开始喜欢吃香蕉了。辨析：比拟 gain, acquire, earn 和 achieve(1) gain指“收获;获得(有用或必需的东西)它可以用于体重、力量的 增加，奖学金的获得，更常用于经验、知识、教育、满足等的获得。(2) acquire指“购得，得到(尤指昂贵的或难以得到的东西)获得，掌 握(知识、技能等)(3) earn指“取得;赚得”。它通常指通过工作挣钱，也可指得到
10、支持、认同、 声望或尊敬等。(4) achieve指“得到,获得”。它多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。5. convinced adj.确信的，信服的搭配：be convinced of sth/that.坚信某事/确信I am convinced of her innocence.我坚信她是无辜的。I was convinced that we were doing the right thing.我确信我们做的事情是正确的。（1） convince v. 使相信;使确信convince sb of sth 使某人信服某事Youll need to convince them of your e
11、nthusiasm for the job.你要使他们相信你渴望得到这份工作。convince sb to do sth 说服/劝说某人做某事What convinced you to vote for them?究竟是什么使得你愿意投票给他们？（2） convincing adj.有说服力的;令人信服的His idea was not convincing. At last I convinced him to change his mind.他的观点没有说服力，最终我说服了他改变主意。6. convey v.传达，传递搭配：convey sth to sb 向某人传达某事Please co
12、nvey my apology to your wife.请向你的妻子转达我的歉意。convey v. 表达;输送I found it hard to convey my feelings in words.我觉得难以用言语表达我的感情。A taxi conveyed us to the train station.出租车将我们载到火车站。7. betray v.对不忠;辜负She felt betrayed when she found out the truth about him.她发现他的真实情况后，感到受了欺骗。She betrayed his trust over and over
13、 again.她一次又一次地辜负了他的信任。betray v.出卖;泄露He was offered money to betray his colleagues.有人收买他出卖他的同事。Keep calm. Dont betray your identity.沉住气，可别露馅儿。betray a secret to sb 向某人泄露秘密betray ones trust 辜负某人的信任betray oneself 暴露本来的面目8. oppose v.反对搭配：(1) oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事He opposed adopting the new bill at
14、the meeting.在会议上他反对采纳新议案。He opposed the proposal to build another new church.他反对建一座新教堂的建议。(2) be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事We are opposed to any action that does great harm to the environment. 我们反对任何严重破坏环境的行为。Most company bosses say they are opposed to employees working overtime frequently.大多数公司
15、老板说，他们反对雇员频繁加班。9. resist v. 对抗;抵抗He is in good health; he is able to resist diseases.他身体健康，能抵抗疾病。resist还可表示忍耐;忍住”，常用于否认句。She could hardly resist laughing.她忍不住笑起来。(1) resistance n.对抗;抵抗;抵抗力make some/no resistance 进行/不抵抗resistant adj.抵抗的;抵抗的be resistant to 抵抗;抵抗The club is resistant to any form of cha
16、nge.该俱乐部反对任何形式的变革。10. approval n.赞许;赞成She desperately wanted to win her fathers approval.她急不可待地想赢得她父亲的赞同。approval还可表示“批准,认可工I cant agree to anything without my partners approval.没有合伙人的认可我什么也不能容许。with the approval of 经的批准in approval 同意，支持give (ones) approval 国合予批准meet with ones approval得到某人的赞许/认可11.
17、tell. apart 区分开The twins are very alike. I cant tell them apart.这对双胞胎长得太像了，我分不清他们谁是谁。(1) tell. from.把和区分开来Can you tell Tom from his twin brother?你能分得出汤姆和他的李生弟弟吗？(2) take. apart/take apart. JG拆开It is easy to take apart a clock but it is difficult to resemble it. 拆钟容易，重装难。12. as long as只要(引导条件状语从句)You
18、 can go out to play as long as you stay in the backyard. 只要不出后院，你可以出去玩。so long as/on condition that. 只要13. lie in 在于His success lies in his hard work.他的成功在于勤奋工作。14. in conclusion 总之In conclusion, I canJt thank you enough.总之，我真是太感谢你了。reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论;下结论 come to/arrive at a conclusion 得出结
19、论 15. get down to sth/doing sth 开始(做)某事Lets get down to doing something meaningful.让我们做点有意义的事情吧。get across越过；（使）被了解get rid of摆脱;处理get through 通过（考试）；接通（ ）16. let sb down 使某人失望Please come and support me. Dont let me down.请来支持我，别让我失望。let alone不干涉;不管;更不用说let into 让进入let out放走;发出（叫声等）；泄露（秘密等）跟踪练 阅读理解ALa
20、nguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit （联系） groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language expe
21、rts believe that 10, 000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centurie
22、s, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are
23、increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has o
24、nly around 200 languages; the Americas about 1, 000; Africa 2, 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3, 200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数 of speakers is a mere 6, 000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than tha
25、t.Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction (肖亡)， with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers) , Chiapaneco in Mexico (150) , Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, wi
26、th a question-mark) ： None of these seems to have much chance of survival.1. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns.D. They were closely connected.2. What word can best explain the underlined wo
27、rd dominanf in Paragraph 2?A. Complex.B. Advanced.C. Powerful.D. Modern.3. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?A. About 6, 800. B. About 3, 400.C. About 2, 400. D. About 1, 200.4. What does the text mainly tell us?A. New languages will be created.B. Geography determin
28、es language evolution.C. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.D. Human development results in fewer languages.BFor the last five years, I have been fortunate enough to work on a large vocabulary research project for Cambridge English, the English Vocabulary Profile, Working with Carol Cassi
29、dy, we developed a database, containing the words and phrases that learners of English around the world typically know and use. We analyzed a 50-million-word collection of learners writing from Cambridge English exams, but we also looked at the vocabulary taught in best-selling British and American
30、English course books.We have found that there are some words that are still characteristically British or American. British people have biscuits with their cup of tea or coffee, but Americans have cookies. We have cookies too in Britain, but they are a certain type of biscuits, such as chocolate chi
31、p cookies, where the original recipe is American. A British person goes on holiday, while an American takes a vacation; you visit a city center in Britain but go downtown in the US.A few words have different meanings across the two varieties of English, which could cause some embarrassment： American
32、s who are wearing pants have their legs covered, but if a British person is dressed only in pants, they are in their underwear (clothes that you wear next to your body under your other clothes) ! And if you need to fill up your car with fuel, you can ask for gas in the US, but you need to buy petrol
33、 in Britain, as “gas” is not a liquid in British English.Overall, though, our research shows that British and American English are still very close to each other. The 10 most common words (the, of, to, and, a, in, that, is, for and I) are the same in both countries, and most of the UKs 5, 000 most c
34、ommon words are also in the USAs top 5, 000.5. What can we learn about the project the author worked on?A. It offers vocabulary courses online.B. It is based on powerful evidence.C. It is a study on English exams.D. It aims to collect new words.6. What may British people refer to when they say “cook
35、ies”？A. American biscuit recipes. B. Biscuits made in Britain.C, Tiny chocolate cakes. D. A variety of biscuits.7. Which sentence is more likely from a British person?A. My car has run out of liquid.B. It is great to wear pants for the party.C. Ill fill my car up with gas immediately.D. I bought the
36、 pants in that shop yesterday.8. What do the figures in the last paragraph suggest?A. British and American English are still very similar.B. The most common English words have changed greatly.C. Short words are most commonly used in the English language.D. The differences between British and American English areobvious.阅读七选五Different CulturesThe cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot.