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1、虚虚拟拟语语气气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测建议或与虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测建议或与事实不符的假设。虚拟语气可分为三种：事实不符的假设。虚拟语气可分为三种：（1）一般虚拟）一般虚拟（2）混合虚拟）混合虚拟（3）特殊句式）特殊句式 一、一般虚拟：一、一般虚拟：If I _(see)him yesterday,I would have told him about it.对过去的虚拟：对过去的虚拟：If had done,would/should/could/might have donehad seenIf I _(be)you,I would not quarrel with
2、him now.If I _(tell)her the truth right now,she would be angry.对现在的虚拟：对现在的虚拟：If did/were,would/should/could/might dowere toldIf I _(have)time tomorrow,I would go with her.If I _(be)you tomorrow,I would go with her.对将来的虚拟：对将来的虚拟：Ifshould do,would/should/could/might do were to do,did/were,should have/
3、were to have/hadwere对过去的虚拟：对过去的虚拟：If had done,would/should/could/might have done对现在的虚拟：对现在的虚拟：If did/were,would/should/could/might do对将来的虚拟：对将来的虚拟：Ifshould do,would/should/could/might do were to do,did/were,1.inversion of Conditional1.inversion of Conditionalomission of“if”omission of“if”虚拟条件句的从句部分如
4、果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。If they were here now,they could help us.Were they here now,they could help us.If you had come earlier,you would have met him.Had you come earlier,you would have met him.If I should have time,I would call her.Should I have time,I would call he
5、r.1.The boy who went swimming in the No-swimming Zone drowned in the river.If the boy hadnt gone swimming in the No-swimming Zone,he wouldnt have drowned in the river.Had the boy not gone swimming in the No-swimming Zone,he wouldnt have drowned in the river.2.Billy was badly bitten by mosquitoes bec
6、ause he forgot to use the mosquito net last night.If Billy had remembered to use the mosquitonet last night,he would not have been bitten by Had Billy remembered to use the mosquitonet last night,he would not have been bitten byIf I had seen him yesterday,I would have told him about it.If I were you
7、,I would not quarrel with him now.If I should have/were to have/had time tomorrow,I would go with her.if 条件句中条件句中were,had,should可用于倒装结构，可用于倒装结构，但但if必须省略。必须省略。=Had I seen him yesterday,I would have told him about it.=Were I you,I would not quarrel with him now.=Should I have time tomorrow,I wouldIf I
8、 had told her the truth the other day,she would have been mad then.过去过去过去过去If I had told her the truth the other day,she would not be so mad now.过去过去现在现在If I knew the result,I would not have told her the truth.现在现在过去过去二二 混合虚拟：混合虚拟：（1）不同时间的虚拟：不同时间的虚拟：If he had listened to me,he would not be in troubl
9、e now.If he had told me yesterday,I should know what to do now.(2)虚拟与陈述的混合：虚拟与陈述的混合：He could have passed the exam,but he wasnt careful enough.You should have come earlier,the bus left a moment ago.三三 特殊句式：特殊句式：(1).He suggested that we _(save)money for the future(should)saveV+that clause(should do/do
10、)suggest,advise,recommend,order,command,request,require,demand,insist(表判断表判断),urge(2)It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required that clause(should do/do)(主语从句主语从句)(3)My advice/suggestion/request/requirement is that-clause(should do/do)（表语从句）（表语从句）(4)His suggestion/advice/request/requirement
11、that clause(should do/do)is.（同位语从句）（同位语从句）(5)Its strange that he _(miss)the train.（表竟然）（表竟然）It is important that we _(learn)from others.（表理应如此）（表理应如此）It is natural/necessary/strange that-clause(should do/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。should missshould learn（5）I wish I _(go)with them tomor
12、row.I wish I _(meet)him before.I wish I _(be)you.wish+that clause(had done 与过去相反与过去相反)(did/were 与现在相反与现在相反)(would/could/might+do与将来与将来相反相反)could gohad never met were(6)It is(high/about)time we _(go)home.It is(high/about)time+clause(did,should do)(7)I would rather you _(come)tomorrow.I would rather y
13、ou _(tell)her the news yesterday.would rather+clause（had done 与过去相反）与过去相反）(did 与现在或将来相反与现在或将来相反)wentcamehadnt told(8)If only he _(come)tomorrow!If only I _(take)her advice that time!If only I _(be)ten years younger!If only“要是。就好了要是。就好了 If only+clause(had done 与过去相反与过去相反)(did/were与现在相反与现在相反)(would/co
14、uld/might+do与将来相反与将来相反)would comehad takenwere(9)She treats Kate as if she _(be)her own daughter.They talked as if they _(be)friends for years.as if+clause(had done 与过去相反与过去相反)(did/were 与现在相反与现在相反)(would/could/might+do与将来相反与将来相反)werehad been(10)I would like to _(attend)the party,but one of my friend
15、s came to see me.would like/was/were to have done something (11)I would not _(pass)the exam without your help.(=if it hadnt been for your help)without/but for+n.=if it were not for+n.=if it hadnt been for+n.have attendedhave passed一、基本句式：一、基本句式：If had done,would/should/could/might have doneIf did/we
16、re,would/should/could/might doIfshould do,would/should/could/might do were to do,did/were,二、特殊句式：二、特殊句式：1.suggest,advise,recommend,order,command,request,require,demand,insist(表判断表判断),urge 2.It is natural/necessary/strange that-clause(should do/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。如此等。3.wish+that cla
17、use(had done 与过去相反与过去相反)(did/were 与现在相反与现在相反)(would/could/might+do与将来相与将来相反反4.It is(high/about)time+clause(did,should do)5.would rather+clause（had done 与过去相反）与过去相反）(did 与现在或将来相反与现在或将来相反)6.If only+clause(had done 与过去相反与过去相反)(did/were与现在相反与现在相反)(would/could/might+do与将来相反与将来相反)7.as if+clause(had done 与过去相反与过去相反)(did/were 与现在相反与现在相反)(would/could/might+do与将来相反）与将来相反）8.would like/was/were to have done something 10.without/but for+n.=if it were not for+n.=if it hadnt been for+n.How much have you gained today?