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1、高效高效语语法法复复习习篇篇 第第10节节 定定语语从从句句 湖南卷的单项选择题中定语从句是重点考点。此外，在阅读理解等题型中大量存在着对定语从句句意的考查。1定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略。(1)关系词作宾语，前无介词时。(前有介词时，关系代词不能省。见下面第4点。)This is the book(which)you were looking for yesterday.这就是你昨天找的那本书。(2)关系词作表语。He is no longer a little boy(that)he used to be.他不再是以前那个小男孩了。2定语从句中谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。T
2、hose who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.请那些40多岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。He is one of the students who have been praised at the meeting.他是会议上被表扬的学生中的一个。(定语从句修饰the students，所以who指代the students，根据主谓一致从句谓语动词用have)He is the only one of the students who has been praise
3、d at the meeting.他是那些学生中唯一一个被表扬的人。(定语从句修饰the only onethe only student，who代the only one,根据主谓一致从句谓语动词用has)3“介词关系代词引导的定语从句。在这种结构中，关系代词假设是表示人的意义，就只能用whom；关系代词假设是表示事物的意义，就只能用which。(1)动词与介词的搭配。The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow.你刚刚与他谈话的那个人明天主持会议。(talk to 名词“与某人谈话)He was th
4、e boy with whom I talked yesterday.他是我昨天谈话的男孩。(talk with“与某人交谈)(2)名词与介词的搭配。She didnt realize the extent to which she had been distracted.她没有意识到她心烦意乱的程度。(to the extent“到某种程度)This was the book from which I knew the information.这就是我从中了解到信息的那本书。(from the book“从书中了解)(3)形容词与介词的搭配。He has found a good job f
5、or which he is qualified.他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。(qualified for“具有资格)Ive found the job for which Ive been eager for a long time.我已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作。(eager for“渴望得到)4as在限制性定语从句中的用法。as通常和such,the same连用，代指物在从句中作主语或宾语。This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.这种笔和我昨天买的笔一样。(同样的但不是同一个)This is the same pen that I used
6、 yesterday.这就是昨天我使用的那一支钢笔。(指的是同一个)。I want to have such a dictionary as he has.我想要一本和他的一样的字典。5关系代词that 和which的区别。that 和which在一般情况都可以用于代替“表示事物意义的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。但在以下情况下一般只用that而不用which：(1)先行词本身是all,everything,something,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代词或被这些词所修饰时。Anything that can burn is a source of hea
7、t energy.任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。There must be something that happened to you.你一定出了什么事。(2)先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last,the only等作定语时。This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before.这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。That is the only way that leads to your success.那是通向你成功的唯一之路。(3)先行词既指人又指物时。We tal
8、ked about the persons and things that we remembered.我们谈到了我们记得的人和事。(4)句中已经有who或which时，为了防止重复时。Who is the man that is making a speech?谁在发言？然而，在以下情况却只用which而不用that：领先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。The world in which we live is made of matter.我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。Ocean c
9、urrents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。6注意区别定语从句与强调句。(1)定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。(2)强调句中it无意义，that/who不是引导词。(3)去掉it is/was和that/who后如果句子意思讲得通那么是强调句，讲不通那么不是。It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(定语从句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(强调句)7定语从句与
10、同位语从句的区别。(1)定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。定语从句可以修饰具体名词也可以修饰抽象名词和代词。(2)同位语从句的引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。同位语从句只能放在抽象名词后。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs.(定语)8几个特殊的定语从句句型：(1)Is this place the one(that)we visited yesterday?换成陈述句 Th
11、is place is the one(that)we visited yesterday.这个地方是我们昨天参观的地方。Is this the place(that/which)we visited yesterday?换成陈述句 This is the place(that/which)we visited yesterday.这是我们昨天参观的地方。(2)He stood at the window,from where he could see what was happening.他站在窗户旁，从那里他能看到发生的事情。(from where from at the window,所
12、以用from where表示。)比照He stood at the window,from which he could see what was happening.(本句为错句，因为从窗户上看不到发生的事情。)(3)It may rain,in which case the match will be put off.如果下雨，这种情况下，比赛要推迟。比照 It may rain,in that case,the match will be put off.(本句为错句，因为it may rain为一个完整句子，in that case,the match will be put off也
13、是一个完整句子，两个完整句子中间应该加并列连词构成并列句。或者，两个句子中间加分号，或者加点号；或者把第二句改成非限制性定语从句。)It may rain;in that case,the match will be put off./It may rain.In that case,the match will be put off.类似的表达还有：The speech became boring,at which point,I left the meeting room.演讲开始没意思，这个时候我就离开了会议室。1.The film brought the hours back to m
14、e _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A.until B.that C.when D.where【分析】C此题容易误选B，误认为 that 引导一个宾语从句。其实此题应选 C，when 引导的是一个修饰 the hours 的定语从句，该题的难点是定语从句与先行词 the hours被别离了。2.When you read the book,youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A.at which B.at where C.the place where D.whe
15、re【分析】D此题正确答案选D，where 在此意为“在的地方，用以引导地点状语从句，全句意为“当你读这本书时，你最好在有问题的地方作一个记号。但是有的同学却根据试题所提供的选项想当然地认为这是一道考查定语从句关系词的选择与辨析的试题，于是在A、B、C 3项中绞尽脑汁，当然最终不可能得出正确答案。3.He said he would never forget the day _ he spent with his girlfriend in the country.A.that B.when C.how D.where【分析】A此题容易误选B，有不少学生总是机械地认为：时间名词后用关系副词wh
16、en，地点名词后用关系副词 where。其实时间名词和地点名词后既可能用关系副词也可能用关系代词，主要看它们在定语从句中充当什么句子成分，原那么上说：作主语或宾语，用关系代词；作状语，用关系副词。此题从句中的spent缺宾语，故应用关系代词(that)，而不能用关系副词，即此题应选A。4.Mr.Smith has bought a little house in the country,around _ some green trees.A.which is B.it is C.which are D.them are【分析】C此题容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其
17、后句子的主语。其实，此题的最正确答案为C，around which are some green trees 是一个由“介词which引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 some green trees，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用are，而不是 is。5.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_，of course,made the others unhappy.A.who B.which C.this D.what【分析】B许多学生认为此题句子结构比较混乱，逗号太多，难于理清头绪
18、。请同学们先看下面一句：Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_ made the others unhappy.一般同学都知道此题应填关系代词 which，用以引导一个非限制性的定语从句。事实上，上面一题就是根据此题演变出来，只不过在 which 与 made 之间插入了一个 of course。所以上面一题应选B。6.He wrote a lot of novels,most of _ were popular.A.them B.whom D.that D.which 【分析】D此题最正确答案为D，但很容易误选
19、A。假假设单独看 He wrote a lot of novels 和 Most of them were popular.这两句话，它们并不错，但将它们放在一起用逗号连接就不甚妥当了。因为，英语句子按其结构来划分，可分为简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句4种，也就是说，一个标准的英语句子，从结构上说，它必须隶属以上4类句型之一。【分析】但上面一题假设选A，那么它既不是简单句(因为它有两个主谓结构)，也不是并列句(因为它没有并列连词)，也不是复合句(因为它没有主从句之分)，当然它更不是并列复合句，所以选A是错误的。可以选D，是因为空白处填了 which 之后，后一句即成了一个非限制性的定语从句，前一句即为主句，整个句子即为一个复合句。