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1、Paper and papermakingMaking paper by hand（手工造纸）Making paper by hand is an excellent way to become familiar with the basic procedures of papermaking.Exensive equipment and materials are not required.手工造纸是了解基本造纸工艺的极有效途径。这里不需要大量的机器和原材料。Equipment includes a tub or large pail,a mold,and adeckle.These thr
2、ee items are shown in Figure 5-1.The mold is a wooden frame covered with a metal screen.The deckle is another frame the same size as the mold.手工造纸设备包括一个大盆、一个模子和一个制模框，如图5-1所示。模子是装有金属网的木制框架，制模框也是和模子尺寸相同的另一个框架。Other items needed are an egg beater,arolling pin,an electric iron,blotting paper,instant lau
3、ndry starch,and a box of soft facial tissues.其他需用的工具的：一个打蛋器、一个擀面杖、一个电熨斗，若干吸水纸，速溶浆洗淀粉和一箱柔软的纸面巾。Papermaking is a rather simple process.Fill the tub with warm water.If wood pulp is available,it can be used.If not,shred about thirty tissues into the water.Do not use the”wet strength”kind.The tissues sub
4、stitute for the wood pulp.造纸是一个极简单的过程。先在大盆中注入温水，如可弄到木浆，就用木浆。否则，就切碎大约30纸面巾加入水中。注意不要使用“湿强”类型的。这里用纸面巾来代替木浆。Now add one tablespoon of instant larndry starch to two cups of water.Pour this mixture into the tub.The starch serves to size or fill the pores of the paper that will be made.然后把一汤匙速溶淀粉加入两杯水中，把这种
5、混合液倒在大盆中。淀粉用以给纸施胶，塞堵纸上的孔隙。Now beat the pulp mixture with an egg beater until it is free from lumps.接下来用打蛋器打匀浆液，直到无团块为止。You are now ready to form the sheet of paper.Place the deckle over the mold and slide blth into the pulp mixture.After leveling the deckle and mold assembly,lift it carefully from t
6、he mixture.这时你就可以制作纸张了。在模子上放上制模框，同时把它们溜进浆液中去。待模子和制模框的组件放置水平后，把它们从浆液中小心地提上来。Remove the deckle from the mold and transfer the newly made sheet of paper to a piece of blotting paper.Now cover the newly made paper with a second blotter and press out the excess water with arolling pin.移去模子上的制模框，把刚刚制得的纸张移到一块吸水纸上。这时再在它上面盖上第二块吸水纸，并用擀面杖挤出多余的水分。Complete the drying pricess by pressing the paper with an electric iron.Do this while the sheet is still between the blitting papers.You have just made a sheet of paper by hand.然后用电熨斗在纸上熨烫使其完全干燥。熨时纸张仍夹在吸水纸中间。这样你就得到了一张手工造的纸。