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1、Unit 3 Social Perspective 社会视角 Text 1 Women and Fashion If women are mercilessly exploited year after year，they have only themselves to blame.Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion,they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big
2、 stores.Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.When you come to think of it,only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe(衣柜)packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothin
3、g more than the intentional creation of waste.Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn.Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way,waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have.Skirts are lengthened or shortened；necklines a
4、re lowered or raised,and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society.Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth，comfort and durability.They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact th
5、at women will put up with any amount of discomfort,as long as they look right.There can hardly be a man who hasnt at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day，or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.When comparing men an
6、d women in the matter of fashion,the conclusions to be drawn are obvious.Do the constantly changing fashions of womens clothes,one wonders,reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability?Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.Do their unchanging styles of dress r
7、eflect basic qualities of stability and reliability?That is for you to decide.A altering B fashion C tremble D constantly E contributes F durability G delicately H appearance I intentional J lengthened K mercilessly L reliability 女人与时尚 如果女人年复一年被无情地利用，她们也只能埋怨她们自己。因为她们一想到在公共场合被看见穿着过时的衣服就会不寒而栗，所以她们就总是被
8、设计师和大商场利用。因为时尚的改变，仅穿过几次的衣服不得不被搁置在一边。当你考虑这个问题的时候，不要忘了只有女人才会站在装满衣服的衣柜前伤心地宣布自己没有什么可穿的。时尚的改变仅仅是浪费的蓄意产物。许多女人每年花费很多钱去替换那些一点也不旧的衣服。那些负担不起像这样扔掉衣服的妇女将大量的时间浪费在去改变她们现有的衣服上。比如裙子被改长或改短，领口被改低或者改高等等。没有人能够声称时尚工业为社会做了什么真正重要的贡献。时装设计者很少关心像保暖、舒适和耐穿等重要的事情。他们只对外表感兴趣并且利用了这样一个事实，即只要看起来好看，女人能够忍受任何的不适。几乎所有的男人在他的一生中都有过这样的时候，在
9、冬季的某一天，他笑看着一个女人穿着单薄的衣服在发抖，或者是穿着高跟鞋在厚厚的雪地里优雅而小心翼翼地行走。当在时尚问题上比较男人和女人时，得出的结论是显而易见的。你可能想知道，女人时装式样经常改变是否反映了反复无常和不稳定的基本品质?男人太聪明，因而不会让自己上时尚设计者的当。他们不变的服装风格是否反映了稳定和可靠的基本品质?这就要看你怎么想了。难 句 解 析 1.Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion,they are always taken
10、advantage of by the designers and the big stores.【分析】多重复合句。句首是由 Because 引导的原因状语从句，在该从句中 that 引导的定语从句修饰 clothes。2.When you come to think of it，only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.【分析】多重复合句。句首为 When 引导的时间状语
11、从句，standing.full of clothes 和 announcing.nothing to wear 并列，由 and 连接，that 引导的从句作 announcing 的宾语。3.There can hardly be a man who hasnt at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day,or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.【
12、分析】复合句。who 引导的定语从句修饰 a man，at the sight of a woman shaking.,or picking.作时间状语。下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09 高频词汇 mercilessly ad.无情地【引申】同根mercy n.仁慈，宽容：at the mercy of 任凭的摆布，完全受支配merciful a.宽恕的，宽厚的：the merciful judge 宽厚的法官【活用例句】There is a campaign against those hunters who mercilessly slaughter baby seals.一场反对
13、那些残酷屠杀小海豹的猎手的运动正在展开。tremble*/9trembl/vi.颤抖；摇晃；担心 n.颤抖；摇晃 【联想】一听到集合(assemble)声，他就哆嗦(tremble)【搭配】tremble all over 浑身发抖；tremble for fear of sb 某人由于恐惧而颤抖；tremble in the wind(breeze)在风(微风)中摇动；tremble with anger(cold)由于生气(寒冷)而打颤【引申】同义quiver vi.颤抖，颤动vibrate v.振动，摇摆be afraid of 担忧be anxious for 担忧【听力例句】She
14、was visibly trembling and her voice was soft and uncertain.很明显，她浑身战栗，声音虚弱无力。06.12 fashion /9fSFn/n.方式，样子；流行款式，时新式样【联想】fash(灰)ion(名词后缀)我的灰头土脸和流行时尚格格不入【搭配】out of fashion 不再流行；in fashion 正在流行【听力例句】They were more aware of changes in fashion.他们更能感觉到时尚的变化。04.1 intentional /In9tenSFnFl/a.有意的，故意的【搭配】an inte
15、ntional insult 故意侮辱【引申】同根intention n.意图，目的同义on purpose 故意的deliberate a.故意的，蓄意的反义accidental a.意外的，偶然(发生)的【活用例句】Do you think her rudeness was intentional or accidental?你认为她的粗鲁是有意的还是无意的?alter*/9O:lt5(r)/v.改变，改动，变更【搭配】alter the fact 改变事实；alter sbs optimistic views 改变某人的乐观观点；alter ones will 修改遗嘱；alter a
16、suit 改动衣服的尺寸【引申】同义change vt.改变modify vt.修改，更改revise vt.修订，修改vary vt.改变，使不同【活用例句】In the long run,the new information technologies may fundamentally alter our way of life.从长远看来，新信息技术也许会从根本上改变我们的生活方式。polish /9p(e7)lIS/vt.修改；擦亮【联想】波兰人(Polish)产的擦光剂(polish)【活用例句】These clothes are too large,so they must be
17、 altered.这些衣服太大，所以必须加以修改。派生 alteration /8O:lt59reISFn/n.变更，改造【引申】同义variation n.变化，变动【阅读例句】The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacteria attack through alterations to the foods structure.研究者已与食品公司合作，渴望知道是否能通过改变食品的结构，来使他们的产品抵抗细菌
18、的攻击。00.1 lengthen /9le(ce)(k)TFn/v.使加长，使延长；变长，延长【词根】来自 length(n.长度)en(动词后缀)【活用例句】Ask the tailor to lengthen my coat because it is too short for me.让裁缝把我的大衣放长些,我穿着太短了。同缀 soften /9s(e7)fn/v.变温和，使变得较不严厉、不刺耳【引申】同根softball n.垒球；soft-drink n.软饮料【完形例句】Most of their remarks were kindly made with tolerance r
19、ather than bitterness and frequently were softened by the fact that the students were speaking about some,not all,instructors.他们基本上说得比较客气，语气宽容而不尖刻，并且不时温和地表示，他们针对的只是部分老师，并非所有老师。01.1 反义 harden*/9hA:dn/vi.变硬；凝固【词根】来自 hard(硬的)en(使)【活用例句】Life in the camp had hardened him considerably.军营生活使他变得坚强多了。同缀 dark
20、en /9dA:k(5)n/vt.使变黑；变暗【引申】同根dark a.黑暗的，暗的反义brighten v.(使)变亮；(使)愉快lighten v.减轻，(使)轻松；(使)发亮 同缀共享-en fasten vt.扎牢，扣住loosen v.解开，放松hasten v.催促，赶紧，加速worsen v.(使)变得更坏，恶化threaten vt.恐吓，威胁【活用例句】The sky darkened as the storm approached.风雨欲来,天色黑暗。contribute*/k5n9trIbju:t/vi.捐款，作出贡献；(to)有助于，促成；投稿 vt.捐，捐献【词根】c
21、on(加强)tribute(给予)捐献【搭配】contribute to the Red Cross 向红十字会捐献(款)；contribute to the population growth 促进人口增长；contribute to a journal 向刊物投稿 【活用例句】The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions to world civilization.宋朝的三大发明为世界文明做出了贡献。同义 devote*/dI9v5Ut/vt.(to)将奉献给，致力于【联想】de vote(投票)投票时可是专人专票哟把专用于【搭配】
22、devote oneself to sthbe devoted to sth 献身于某事物，致力于某事【引申】同根devoted a.忠实的devotion n.专心，热爱【活用例句】I am determined to devote my whole life to the cause of education.我决心把自己的一生献给教育事业。durability n.经久，耐久力【引申】同根durable a.耐用的，持久的duration n.持续(期间)【活用例句】Durability is one standard of quality.耐久性是质量好坏的一个标准。appearanc
23、e /59pI5r5ns/n.外貌，外表；出现，露面【词根】来自 appear(出现)ance(名词后缀)【搭配】put in an appearance 露了一下面；judge by appearances 以貌取人；keep up appearances 维持面子，装门面【活用例句】One should not judge people by their appearances.人不可貌相。同缀 allowance /59laU5ns/n.津贴，补贴，零用钱【联想】allow(允许)ance(名词后缀)允许自由支配的钱零用钱【短语】make allowance(s)for 原谅，体谅；考虑
24、到，顾及【活用例句】IBM offers a high traveling allowance to its employees.美国国际商用机器公司给员工很高的出差津贴。delicately /9delIkItlI/ad.优美地；微妙地【引申】同根delicate a.易碎的；微妙的；精美的：a delicate vase 易碎的花瓶同义elegantly ad.优雅地【活用例句】He waltzed me round so delicately I felt as if I was floating on air.他非常轻快地带着我跳华尔兹舞，我感到好像在空中飘荡着。constantly
25、/9k(e7)nst5ntlI/ad.不变地，经常地，坚持不懈地【引申】同根constant n.恒量，常数 a.持续的，不变的【活用例句】They have to constantly keep an eye on their companions.他们不得不一直照料他们的同伴。reliability /rI8laI59bIlItI/n.可靠；可靠程度；可信赖性【词根】是 reliable 的名词形式【活用例句】I can assure you of the reliability of the information.我向你保证这消息可靠。下面我们学习文中标黑的常用词#09#09 常用词汇
26、 designer /dI9zaIn5(r)/n.设计者；时装设计师；构思者【活用例句】The designer must consider this factor in the layout.设计者在设计方案中必须考虑这一因素。同根 design /dI9zaIn/n.设计，策划；图样，图案；企图，图谋 vt.设计；预定，指定【联想】design(标记)做出标记设计【完形例句】Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration werent designed for indoor use.回首19
27、84 年，我们发现大多数工业制品并不是为室内装潢而设计的。06.6 sum /s(f6)m/n.总数，总和；金额 vi.共计【联想】数数口香糖(gum)共计(sum)有多少【搭配】sum up 总结，概括；in sum 总而言之【引申】同义summarize/-ise v.总结，概括【听力例句】The difference between the sum of money he collected and the sum of money he gave to the ruler was his profit.他收取的钱与付给首领的钱之间的差价就是他的利润。01.1 hardly /9hA:d
28、lI/ad.几乎不，刚刚，勉强是 【搭配】hardly.when.一就【听力例句】I ran into Sally the other day.I could hardly recognize her.前几天我去 Sally 家了，我几乎认不出她了!07.12 同义 scarcely /9ske5slI/ad.几乎不；决不；刚刚【搭配】scarcely.when.一就【提示】在 hardly(scarcely).when,no sooner.than 句型中，当 hardly，scarcely，no sooner 置于句首时后面主谓须部分倒装。【活用例句】Scarcely had I ente
29、red the room when the phone rang.我一进屋电话就响了。sight*/saIt/vt.看见 n.视力，视觉；视域；情景；pl.风景，名胜【联想】视力(sight)受轻微的(slight)损伤【搭配】take a sight at the sun 观察太阳；catch sight of a snake 突然看见一条蛇；at first sight 乍一看，初看起来；at/on sight 一见(就)；(victory,peace)in sight(胜利，和平)在望；lose sight of(the time)忘记(时间)；out of sight 看不见，在视野之
30、外【活用例句】After twelve days at sea,they sighted land.在海上航行 12 天后，他们发现了陆地。/I got a glimpse of her before she disappeared from sight.我刚从人群中瞥见她，可她一下子就消失了。insight*/9InsaIt/n.洞察力，深刻的见解【词根】in(进入)sight(眼光)眼光深入洞察力【搭配】provide insight into 可洞察；a person of insight 有洞察力的人【阅读例句】The employee posted abroad who speaks
31、 the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations,and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly.驻外雇员如果能讲该国的主要语言就可能加快某些谈判的进程，并且能洞悉该国文化，知道何时放慢进度更有助于谈判成功。03.1 obvious*/9(e7)bvI5s/a.显然的，明显的【词根】ob(附近)vi(way)ous(的)靠近路边易被人看见的显然的【搭配】lo
32、ok for some obvious signs 寻找显著的标志【写作例句】There are several benefits of working at home.The most obvious benefit is that you save a lot of time and money.在家里工作的好处很多，其中最显而易见的好处就是可以节省很多时间和金钱。wonder*/9w(f6)nd5(r)/v.对疑惑(或好奇)，想知道 n.惊奇，奇事【引申】同义doubt v.怀疑，不相信question vt.怀疑，对表示疑问近形wander vi.漫步，游荡，流浪【活用例句】No wo
33、nder youve got a headache you have drunk too much last night.难怪你头痛，你昨晚喝得太多了。近形 wander /9w(e7)nd5(r)/vi.漫游，闲逛，漫步；偏离正道；走神，(神志)恍惚【联想】偶然的漫步(wander)发现了奇迹(wonder)【活用例句】Dont let your mind wander during the lecture.在上课时不要让自己的思想开小差。cheat*/tSi:t/v.欺骗，作弊 n.欺骗，欺诈行为【搭配】cheat on(her husband)对(她丈夫)不忠；feel cheated
34、感觉上当；cheat at cards 玩牌作弊【写作例句】Therefore,cheating on exams is a dishonest behavior and students should be prohibited from cheating.因此，考试作弊是一种不诚实的习惯，应该禁止学生作弊。同义 fraud /frO:d/n.欺骗(行为)，诈骗【谐音】“富饶的”骗子喜欢去富饶的地区骗人【阅读例句】According to the FBI,identity theft is the number one fraud committed on the Internet.根据美国
35、联邦调查局，身份盗窃是网上第一诈骗案。07.6 stability；n.稳定，稳固【词根】是形容词 stable(稳定的，稳固的)的名词形式【阅读例句】In America as elsewhere,few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.无论是在美国还是其他国家，对于促进和平与稳定而言，任何外交政策都不如欢迎外国学生前来留学这一招更为有效。07.12 同根 stable /
36、9steIbl/a.稳定的，稳固的；沉稳的，持重的 n.马厩，马棚【词源】stable 古义专指“马厩”。驰骋奔腾的骏马一旦进入 stable，就变得安静稳定,乖乖地吃草了，最多尾巴扫两下，这样马厩 stable 引申为“稳定”之义。【引申】同根stabilize/-ise v.使稳定stabilization/-isation n.稳定(状态)【搭配】stable job/income/relationship 稳定的工作；固定的收入；稳固的关系【活用例句】A stable government is of importance to economic development.稳定的政府对经
37、济发展很重要。同义 steady*/9stedI/a.稳重的，坚定的；稳定的，持续的【联想】s teady(看作 ready 有准备的)事先有准备，心里就有底稳定的【搭配】a steady improvement 持续稳定的发展【引申】同义firm a.坚定的，稳固的solid a.坚固的，可靠的 Text 2 Men Not Superior to Women This is supposed to be an enlightened age,but you wouldnt think so if you could hear what the average man thinks of t
38、he average woman.Women won their independence long ago.After a long,bitter struggle，they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world.They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field.The hard-fought battle for recogniti
39、on has been won，but it is by no means over.It is men,not women,who still carry on the sex war because the attitude of many men remains basically hostile.In many countries and regions,women there continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens.To hear some men talk,youd even come to the horrible conc
40、lusion that men and women belonged to different species!On the surface,the comments made by these men about womens abilities seem light-hearted.This apparent light-heartedness does not conceal the real contempt(轻视)that many men feel for women.However much men sneer at(讥笑)women,their claims to superi
41、ority are not borne out by facts.Lets consider the matter of driving,for instance.We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men.They are generally very conscientious(认真的)and in fact,have succeeded in any job you care to name.As politicians,soldiers,doctors,factory-hands,university profes
42、sors,managers,lawyers,scientists and presidents of countries,they have often put men to shame with their achievements.And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to beating and rearing children.A bitter B claims C conceal D comments E hostile F shame
43、 G superior H rearing I recognition J enlightened K brilliantly 男人不比女人优越 这应该是一个开明的时代，但如果你能够听到普通男人对普通妇的看法时，你就不会这么认为了。在很久以前，妇女就赢得了她们的独立。经过长期而痛苦的努力之后，现在世界上大多数地方的妇女都与男人享有同样的受教育机会。她们几乎在每一个领域都反复地证明了她们与男人一样胜任，且常常比男人更出色。为得到认可而进行的艰苦卓绝的斗争已经获胜，但却绝对没有结束。是男人，而不是妇女仍然在持续着性别大战，因为许多男人的态度从根本上还是敌对的。在许多国家和地区，妇女仍然被视为是二等
44、公民。听了一些男人的谈话，你甚至会得出很恐怖的结论，即男人和女人属于不同的人种!表面上看来，这些男人对女人能力的评价是漫不经心的。这种表面上的漫不经心不能掩盖很多男人对女人事实上的轻视。无论男人如何讥笑女人，他们所声称的优越都没有事实基础。譬如，让我们来看一下驾驶问题。我们都知道女人所造成的事故要远远少于男人。她们通常都很认真，而且事实上她们在你所能列举的任何工作中都取得了成功。作为政治家、军人、医生、工厂工人、大学教授、经理、律师、科学家和国家总统，她们所取得的成绩经常令男人相形见绌。我们也必须记得，除了打孩子、养育孩子，她们还经常在所有这些领域取得辉煌的成功。难 句 解 析 1.This
45、is supposed to be an enlightened age，but you wouldnt think so if you could hear what the average man thinks of the average woman.【分析】并列复合句。由两个表转折关系的分句组成，中间由 but 连接，在第二个分句中 if 引导条件状语从句，what 引导的从句作 hear 的宾语。2.It is men,not women,who still carry on the sex war because the attitude of many men remains b
46、asically hostile.【分析】多重复合句。It is.who 是一个典型的强调句型，强调的是 men，而不是 women，because 引导状语从句，表原因。3.This apparent light-heartedness does not conceal the real contempt that many men feel for women.【分析】复合句。that 引导的定语从句修饰 the real contempt。下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09 高频词汇 enlightened /In9laItnd/a.文明的；有知识的【引申】同根enlighten
47、vt.启发，开导【活用例句】An enlightened government should permit the free expression of political opinion.一个开明的政府应当允许自由发表政见。bitter*/9bIt5(r)/a.激烈的；令人痛苦的【联想】黄油(butter)抹在带字母(letter)的垃圾上(litter)，那当然令人不快(bitter)啊【搭配】a bitter struggle 一场激烈的战斗；a bitter disappointment 痛苦的失望【活用例句】The defeat was a bitter pill to swallo
48、w.战败是不得不接受的屈辱(苦处)。同义 miserable /9mIzFr5bl/a.痛苦的，悲惨的【搭配】a miserable life 悲惨的生活【听力例句】You may feel miserable,but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it can to kill the cold.你会感觉难受，但你那令人惊奇的身体正在竭尽可能杀死感冒病毒。06.12 同根 misery /9mIz5rI/n.痛苦，苦恼【联想】mis(看作 miss 思念)ery(表状态)相思成灾苦难，痛苦【引申】同义agony n.痛苦【活用
49、例句】Recall the misery of the past and contrast it with the happiness of today.想想过去的苦，比比今天的甜。同义 distress /dI9stres/vt.使痛苦 n.痛苦；贫困；危难【联想】dis(分开)tress(看作 dress 衣服)分手后，看到衣服睹物思人苦恼【搭配】in distress 遇难；处在痛苦中；be a great distress to sb.是使某人深感苦恼的事；be distressed about/over.为而苦恼【阅读例句】Yet occurrences of shortages a
50、nd droughts are causing famine and distress in some areas,and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies.然而在一些地区，水资源缺乏和干旱却屡屡发生，造成饥荒和萧条，并且工农业的副产品正在污染着水源。01.6 superior /su:9pI5rI5(r),sju:-/a.上级的；(to)较好的；有优越感的#09 n.上级，长官【词根】super(在上)ior(的)在上面的上级的【搭配】be superior to that book 比那