《英语四级读美文【4】13037.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语四级读美文【4】13037.pdf（16页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Unit 4 Economic Views 经济观察 Text 1 Economic Reason for Immigration to America The third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life that is,to raise their standard of living.For the vast majority of the immigrants who came here,it was probably the most
2、compelling reason for leaving their homeland.Because of its incredibly abundant natural resources,the United States appeared to be a“land of plenty”where millions could come to seek their fortunes.Of course,most immigrants did not“get rich overnight,”and many of them suffered terribly,but the majori
3、ty of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.Even if they were not able to achieve the economic success they wanted,they could be fairly certain that their children would have the opportunity for a better life.The phrase“going from rags to riches”became a slogan fo
4、r the great American Dream.Because of the vast riches of the North American continent,the dream came true for many of the immigrants.They achieved material success；they became very attached to material things.Material wealth became a value to the American people.Placing a high value on material poss
5、essions is called materialism,but this is a word that most Americans find offensive.To say that a person is materialistic is an insult.To an American,this means that this person values material possessions above all else.Americans do not like to be called materialistic because they feel that this un
6、fairly accuses them of loving only material things and of having no religious values.In fact,most Americans do have other values and ideals.Nevertheless,acquiring and maintaining a large number of material possessions is of great importance to most Americans.A raise B insult C slogan D fortunes E at
7、tached F accuses G offensive H compelling I possessions J immigrants K incredibly L Nevertheless 移民到美国的经济原因 移民在传统上来到美国的第三个原因是为了寻求更好的生活也就是提高他们的生活标准。对大多数来到这里的移民来说，这大概是最能吸引他们离开祖国的一个因素。因为美国的自然资源惊人地丰富，它看起来就像一块“富足的土地”，成百万的人都可以到那里寻找财富。当然，大多数移民并不能“一夜暴富”，他们中很多人经受了很多苦难，但是绝大多数人的生活标准最终都能够比以前有所提高。即使他们不能得到他们所想要的经
8、济上的发迹，他们也确信他们的孩子会有机会过上更好的生活。短语“从赤贫到暴富”变成了伟大美国梦的一句口号。因为北美洲具有的巨大财富，许多移民的梦想都得到了实现。他们取得了物质上的成功；也变得很看重物质的东西。对美国人来说，物质财富成为了一种价值观。看重物质财富被称为物质主义，但这是一个令大多数美国人感到不快的词。称一个人是物质主义者是对他的一种侮辱。对一个美国人来说，这就意味着这个人将物质财富看得高于一切。美国人不喜欢被称为物质主义者，因为他们感觉这是对他们不公正的指责，指责他们只喜欢物质的东西，而没有宗教价值观。事实上，大多数美国人确实有其他的价值观和理想。不过，获得并拥有大量的物质财富对大多
9、数美国人来说都是非常重要的。难 句 解 析 1.The third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life that is,to raise their standard of living.【分析】复合句。why 引导定语从句修饰 the third reason，将主谓语分开，破折号后的成分是对 to have a better life 的解释说明。2.Because of its incredibly abundant natural reso
10、urces,the United States appeared to be a“land of plenty”where millions could come to seek their fortunes.【分析】复合句。句首 because of 引导的短语作状语表原因，主句中 where 引导的定语从句修饰 a“land of plenty”。3.Americans do not like to be called materialistic because they feel that this unfairly accuses them of loving only materia
11、l things and of having no religious values.【分析】多重复合句。because 引导原因状语从句，其中 that 引导的从句作 feel 的宾语，accuses 后边有两个表并列关系的 of 结构，由 and 连接，第二个 of 前省略了 them。下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09 高频词汇 immigrant /9ImIgr5nt/n.(从外国来的)移民，侨民【词根】来自 immigr(ate)(使移居入境)ant(表人)【搭配】illegal immigrants 非法移民【引申】同根emigrant n.移居外国者【听力例句】The Un
12、ited States is a country of immigrants.美国是一个移民国家。06.6 同根 immigrate /9ImIgreIt/v.移来；使移居入境【词根】im(进入)migr(迁移)ate(动词后缀)使迁移入内【听力例句】She was three when her parents immigrated to America in 1926.1972 年她的父母亲移居到美国的时候她三岁。07.6 同根 migrate*/maI9greIt/vi.移居，迁徙【搭配】(some birds)migrate twice a year(一些鸟)一年迁徙二次；migrate
13、 to America to find work 移居到美国去找工作【引申】同根emigrate vi.永久移居immigrate vt.使移居入境反义remain vi.保持，逗留stay v.逗留 同 义 巧 辨 migrate,emigrate,immigrate migrate 用于人和动物，有时含有缺乏永久的居住地之意，尤指出于季节性或定期迁移这两个原因；emigrate 和 immigrate 仅用来指人，意味着永久性的迁移，一般指越过政治意义上的疆界。emigrate 指“离开此地去某地”，immigrate 指“离开某地而进入此地”。!图 2 raise*/reIz/vt.提高
14、；举起；增加；筹款；养育；提出 n.加薪；提高，升，举；高处【搭配】raise ones standard of living 提高自己的生活水平【引申】同义lift vt.提，举boost v.&n.提高；激励近形rise vi.升起，上升arise vi.产生，出现 【阅读例句】Some$36,000 has been raised in donations from Safeway.Safeway 大约筹集了 3.6 万美元。05.12 compelling /k5m9pelI(ce)/a.强制性的；令人信服的；扣人心弦的，激动人心的【搭配】compelling reasons 令人信服
15、的理由；a compelling adventure story 扣人心弦的冒险故事【引申】同根compel vt.强迫，迫使：compel sb to do sth 迫使某人做某事【听力例句】For the rest of her talk,she was a forceful and compelling speaker.余下的演说，她语气坚定，并令人注目。06.12 同根 expel /Ik9spel/v.强迫(某人)离开；用力排出或驱出【词根】ex(出)pel(推，驱)把某人驱出驱逐【活用例句】Water is sucked in at one end and expelled at
16、the other.水从一端吸进去从另一端排出来。incredibly /In9kred5blI/ad.惊人地，难以置信地【引申】同根incredible a.难以置信的，不可思议的；不能相信的【听力例句】Its incredibly delicious.它非常好吃。04.1 fortune*/9fO:tS5n/n.常 pl.(大量)财产，大笔的钱；运气【联想】fort(堡垒)une 堡垒里放有大量钱【搭配】be in good fortune 运气好；come into a fortune 继承一大笔财产；have fortune on ones side 走红运，一炮走红；have the
17、 fortune to do 幸而(做)；tell sbs fortune 给某人算命；run a fortune 冒风险；try ones fortune 碰运气【引申】同根unfortunate a.不幸的；令人遗憾的【听力例句】Although they will never make a fortune,for the last 10 years,they have earned a reasonable living from the hotel.尽管他们永远都不可能发财，但是在最近的 10 年里，他们也通过开酒店挣了很大一笔生活费。03.9 slogan /9sl5Ug5n/n.标
18、语，口号，广告语【联想】s log(原木)an 原木上标着标语标语【搭配】advertising slogan 广告标语【活用例句】The crowd began chanting anti-government slogans.人群开始反复高呼反政府口号。attach*/59ttS/vt.系，连接；使依恋；认为有(重要性等)；使附属【词根】at(表加强)tach(接触)接触上系，连接【搭配】attach importance to sth 认为某事有重要性；be attached to.连在上；附属于；使依恋【阅读例句】In large cities,some kindergartens a
19、re attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools.一些大城市的大学有附属幼儿园和中小学。05.1 同义 cling /klI(ce)/vi.(to)紧紧抓住；黏着，挨近；依附；忠实于【联想】紧紧地抓住(cling)以防被扔(fling)【提示】注意后需加 to 然后才能接宾语，如：cling to outdated customs 墨守成规。【活用例句】She clung to the hope that her son was not dead.她坚信她儿子还活着。possession*/p59zeS
20、Fn/n.财产【引申】同根possess vt.占有，拥有同义treasure n.财富，珍品 vt.珍爱，珍视【完形例句】If you keep your home,your car or any valuable possession in excellent condition,youll be saving money in the long run.如果你善于持家，汽车也保养的好，贵重物品不损坏的话，从长远来看你会节省不少钱。05.1 offensive*/59fensIv/a.冒犯的，无礼的；攻击性的；令人不快的【词根】来自 offens(e)(冒犯)ive(的)冒犯的【引申】同根
21、offense n.犯规；冒犯；offend vt.冒犯，得罪【活用例句】The company has launched a strong offensive marketing to try to increase sales.公司已发动争取市场的强大攻势以期增加销售量。insult*/In9s(f6)lt/n.&vt.侮辱，辱骂，羞辱【联想】不顾侮辱(insult),不耻请教(consult)【搭配】add insult to injury 连打带骂，既伤害又侮辱；offer an insult to 侮辱；swallow an insult 忍受侮辱【阅读例句】Not long ago
22、,many car dealers insulted women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands.就在不久前，很多汽车经销商忽视女性购买者，并建议她们和丈夫一起来，这些都侮辱了女性。06.12 accuse /59kju:z/vt.指控，控告，指责【词根】ac(加强)cuse(理由)有理由指责别人指责【搭配】accuse sb of 指控某人；指责某人【活用例句】The soldier was accused of running away when the enem
23、y attacked.这个士兵被指控临阵脱逃。同义 charge*/tSA:dZ/n.指控；价钱；电荷；负荷 vt.控告；索(价)；使充电，使充满 vi.向前冲；收费【搭配】in charge of 管理，负责；take charge 开始管理，接管；charge sb with sth 以某事指控某人【活用例句】They charge the calls to their credit card account.他们用信用卡账户支付电话费用。/He was charged with murder.他被指控犯有谋杀罪。派生 discharge /dIs9tSA:dZ/v.释放，解雇；发射；卸(
24、货)n.获准离开；排出，放出【联想】的士(dis，谐音)要控制(charge)排出(discharge)的废气量，否则不发牌【搭配】discharge prisoners from the prison 把犯人从监狱中释放；discharge the cargo 卸下货物。【活用例句】Some factories in this locality still discharge waste water into the river.这一地区有些工厂仍把废水排入河中。nevertheless*/8nev5D59les/ad.仍然，不过【构词】never(从不)the less(更少)【活用例句】
25、Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless.我们的失败是意料中的事，尽管如此，还是令人失望。下面我们学习文中标黑的常用词#09#09 常用词汇 abundant /59b(f6)nd5nt/a.丰富的；充裕的【联想】a(无)bund(看作 bound 边界)ant(的)多得没边的丰富的【搭配】be abundant in 富于【引申】反义scarce a.缺乏的，不足的slender a.不足的；修长的【活用例句】Iraq is very abundant in petroleum deposits,which re
26、sulted in American invasion.伊拉克的石油储量十分丰富，这导致了美国的入侵。former*/9fO:m5(r)/a.从前的，以前的 n.前者 【词根】来自 form(形成)er(表人或物)已形成的东西以前的【引申】同义previous a.以前的prior a.在前的反义latter a.后者的；后一半的 n.后者【听力例句】I just received an Email from one of my former classmates.我刚收到一封我以前同学发的 Email。08.12 fairly*/9fe5lI/ad.相当，尚可，还；公平地【搭配】a fair
27、ly easy book 一本相当容易的书；a fairly typical reaction 相当典型的反应【活用例句】I wonder people cannot judge more fairly of each other and themselves.我弄不懂人们为什么总不能比较公平地推己及人。ideal*/aI9dI5l/n.理想；理想的东西(或人)a.理想的，空想的，想象的【联想】idea(想法)l 想法总是理想的【搭配】political ideals 政治理想；ideal weather for a holiday 理想的假日天气【活用例句】One reason is tha
28、t Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.原因之一在于，美国人认为公司相对于其他社会机构而言，建立在更坚定的竞争理想之上。Text 2 Materialism We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earliest years to be acquisitive.Our possessions are clearly labe
29、led with“mine”and“yours”from early childhood.When we grow old enough to earn a living,it does not surprise us to discover that success may be measured in terms of the money we earn.We spend the whole of our lives keeping up with our neighbors,the Joneses.If we buy a new television set,Jones is bound
30、 to buy a bigger and better one.If we buy a new car,we can be sure that Jones will get one better,or two new cars.The most amusing thing about this game is that the Joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically(狂暴地)to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided,at a
31、considerable rate of interest,of course,by friendly banks,insurance companies,etc.This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education.Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake.Every course of studies must lead somewhere,i.e.,to a bigger wage packet.The
32、 demand for skilled personnel far exceeds the supply,and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies.Tempting salaries and“fringe(额外的)benefits”have led to the“brain drain”,in a process by which wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of
33、 their most able citizens.While Mammon(财神)is worshipped as never before,the rich get richer and the poor,poorer.A acquisitive B bound C considerable D drain E exceeds F labeled G outlook H recruit I sake J struggling K worshipped L measured 物质主义 我们生活在一个物质社会里，从小就被培养得很贪婪。从孩童时期起我们的财产就被贴上“我的”和“你的”的标签。当我
34、们长大，能够谋生的时候，我们发现成功可能根据我们挣的钱来衡量，这不会令我们感到惊讶。我们一生中都在与富裕的左邻右舍比排场。如果我们买了一台新电视机，爱炫富的邻居一定会买一台更大更好的。如果我们买了一辆小汽车，我们可以肯定爱炫富的邻居将会买一辆更好的，甚至买两辆新的小汽车。这场游戏中最有趣的事情是爱炫富的邻居和所有的疯狂向他们看齐的邻居们在花借来的钱，这些钱当然是友好的银行、保险公司以相当高的利息仁慈地提供的。这种唯物主义的观点严重影响了教育，现在越来越少的年轻人仅仅是因为获取知识本身而获取知识。每一学科的学习必须有具体的用处，比如能够挣更多的钱。对技术人员的需求远远超过供给，而大公司在学生完成
35、学业之前就在相互竞争着招聘学生。诱人的工资和“额外的好处”导致了“人才流失”，这也是一个富有国家剥夺他们较穷邻国最能干的公民的过程。财神被前所未有地崇拜着，与此同时，富的越富，穷的越穷。难 句 解 析 1.When we grow old enough to earn a living,it does not surprise us to discover that success may be measured in terms of the money we earn.【分析】多重复合句。when 引导时间状语从句，discover 后接 that 引导宾语从句，其中 we earn 为省
36、略了 that 的定语从句，修饰 money。2.The most amusing thing about this game is that the Joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided,at a considerable rate of interest,of course,by friendly banks,insurance companies,etc.【分析】多重复合句。t
37、hat 引导表语从句，在该从句中 who 引导的定语从句修饰 all the neighbors,borrowed money 后的kindly provided.etc 为过去分词短语作其后置定语。3.Tempting salaries and“fringe benefits”have led to the“brain drain”,in a process by which wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens.【分析】复合句。主语是两个表并列关系的名词，中间由 and 连接
38、，in a process.citizens 作状语，表方式，其中 which 引导定语从句修饰 a process。下面我们学习文中标红的高频词#09#09 高频词汇 acquisitive /59kwIzItIv/a.(of)渴望得到的；贪得无厌的【引申】同根acquisition n.获得，取得，习得【活用例句】An acquisitive society is one in which the craving for material things seems never satisfied.一个物欲横流的社会指的是物质追求似乎永远得不到满足的社会。label*/9leIbl/vt.贴
39、标签于；把称为【联想】lab(实验室)el 实验室里的试剂瓶上贴有标签【搭配】label.as 把称为【活用例句】If a person spends any time in prison,hell probably be labeled(as a)criminal for the rest of his life.如果一个人曾进过监狱，那么在这之后的生活中他很可能会被大多数人当成罪犯。measure*/9meZ5(r)/n.尺寸，计量单位；测量；措施 vt.测量，衡量 vi.有长(或宽、高等)【词根】meas(测量)ure 量，测量【搭配】beyond measure 无可估量，极度；for
40、 good measure 另外；measure up 合格，符合标准【活用例句】谚 Men are not to be measured in inches.人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。bound*/baUnd/a.一定的；有义务的；开往的 vi.跳跃，弹回 vt.成为的界线，给划界 n.跳跃；常 pl.界限【联想】圆形(round)的英镑(pound)在地面上(ground)跳跃着(bound)，听起来(sound)很悦耳【搭配】be bound up in(ones work)热衷于，忙于(工作)；be bound up with ones future 与前途有密切关系【引申】同根bou
41、ndary n.边界，分界线【写作例句】My heart bounded with nervousness during my first job interview.第一次求职面试时我紧张得心怦怦直跳。struggle*/9str(f6)gl/vi.奋斗，努力；斗争，搏斗；挣扎 n.斗争，搏斗【联想】要展开反对走私(smuggle)的斗争(struggle)【搭配】struggle on the border of death 挣扎在死亡线上；struggle for independence 为独立而奋斗；struggle against cancer 同癌症抗争【阅读例句】The str
42、uggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.要把这两种学科调和在一起实在太难了。01.1 同义 strive /straIv/vi.奋斗；抗争【联想】奋斗(strive)需要动力(drive)【搭配】strive after(for)为奋斗，力求；strive toward.向奋进；strive with.同作斗争【引申】同义contend vi.斗争endeavor vi.尽力，努力fight v.打架，斗争labor vi.(for)努力争取，苦干struggle vi.努力，奋斗【活用例句】In education we
43、 are striving not to teach youth to make a living,but to make a life.我们并不是努力通过教育教会青年人谋生，而是教育他们创造生活。considerable*/k5n9sIdFr5bl/a.相当大(或多)的【词根】consider(考虑)able(能的)能纳入考虑范围的 相当多的【搭配】a considerable income 相当可观的收入【活用例句】A considerable number of people object to the governments attitude to immigration.相当多的人反
44、对政府对待移民问题的态度。outlook /9aUtlUk/n.观点，见解；展望，前景【构词】out(向外)look(看)向外看展望【搭配】a positive outlook on life 积极的人生观；the outlook for world peace 世界和平的前景【引申】同义prospect n.前途，前景【活用例句】Clothes tell us a good deal about the wearers background,personality,status,mood,and social outlook.一个人的衣着为我们提供了大量关于这个人的背景、性格、身份、情绪和社
45、会观的信息。sake*/seIk/n.缘故，理由【联想】亚当和夏娃因蛇(snake)的缘故(sake)而犯下罪【搭配】for the sake of 为了起见【完形例句】After a secondary school course,a student should be interested enough in a subject to enjoy gaining knowledge for its own sake.在学完一门中学课程之后，学生就应该对这门课程有足够的兴趣，并乐于为了知识本身去获得知识。08.6 exceed*/Ik9si:d/v.超越，胜过【词根】ex(out)ceed(
46、to go)走过界限超过，越出【搭配】exceed in.在方面突出【引申】同根共享-ceed succeed vi.成功；继承 vt.接替，继承proceed vi.进行，继续下去【活用例句】Price will drop when supply exceeds demand.供过于求的时候物价就会下跌。recruit*/rI9kru:t/vt.招募(新兵)，吸收(新成员)n.新兵，新成员【词根】re(再)cruit(增加)再增加吸收，招募【搭配】recruit new police officers 吸收新警官；recruit new members to the club 吸收新成员进入
47、俱乐部【活用例句】We are recruiting talents for the following positions due to the expansion of business.由于业务扩展，我们现要招纳以下职位的人才。drain /dreIn/n.耗竭，消耗；排水沟(管)v.排走；渐渐耗尽；减少【联想】drain(雨)排去雨水排水沟【搭配】brain drain 人才外流；drain off the dirty water 排掉脏水；be drained of ones energy 精疲力竭【写作例句】If the natural resources are used eco
48、nomically,we can certainly slow down the present drain on the limited energy supply.如果使用自然资源时注意节约，我们肯定可以减慢当前对有限能源供应消耗的速度。worship*/9w(ae):SIp/vt.&n.崇拜，尊敬【联想】我崇拜(worship)开战舰(warship)的水手【搭配】ancestor worship 祖先崇拜【活用例句】In Argentina,Maradona is a hero worshipped by the young children.在阿根廷，马拉多纳被小孩子当作英雄崇拜。下
49、面我们学习文中标黑的常用词#09#09 常用词汇 term /t(ae):m/n.词语，某种语言；选用的词【搭配】in terms of 在方面；按照；come to terms 妥协，达成协议【听力例句】A bank clerk,for example,wants to use this specialist vocabulary and technical terms of finance.例如，一个银行职员像学习金融领域的特殊词汇和技术名词。00.6 amusing*/59mju:zI(ce)/a.有趣的【词根】来自 amuse(逗乐)ing(的)逗乐的有趣的【引申】同义funny a.
50、有趣的，滑稽的interesting a.有趣的，引起兴趣的【活用例句】He has a great fund of amusing anecdotes about great men.他有一肚子关于名人的趣闻轶事。insurance*/In9SU5rFns/n.保证，保障；保险，保险费【词根】来自 insur(e)(给保险)ance(名词后缀)【搭配】provide insurance against 提供防止的措施【引申】同根共享 sur(确定的，安全的)insure v.保险，投保assure vt.保证，使确信【活用例句】She was compensated by the insur