《四级听力短文理解常设题处(11)12898.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《四级听力短文理解常设题处(11)12898.pdf（11页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 1 四级听力短文理解 第 11 堂 短文理解常设题处 了解短文理解的常设题处，明确听音时应该重点关注哪些地方。一、短文首尾处 短文的开头与结尾是重要的设题处之一，经常是考查对短文主旨或重要细节的把握。短文的主题句一般都出现在开头，而且常常是第一道题的答案出处；短文的结尾往往对整篇文章的内容起一个概括和提示的作用，同样不可忽视。【例 1】(10-6-26）A District managers.B Regular customers.C Sales directors.D Senior clerks.As the new sales director for a na
2、tional computer firm,Alex Gordon was looking forward to his first meeting with the companys district managers.Everyone arrived on time,and Alexs presentation went extremely well 26.Who did Alex Gordon speak to at the first meeting?27.【提示】选项均为人物身份，但均为复数，故应该不是考查某个人的职业或身份，而更可能是某件事的行为主体或客体。听音时留意选项中的人物身份
3、，并注意相关信息。【解析】选A。细节题。本题的设题处在短文开头。短文第一句提到，作为新的销售总监(sales directer)，Alex Gordon 正在期待着和公司的区域经理们(district managers)的第一次会议，由此可知，Alex Gordon 在第一次会议上要对区域经理们讲话，故答案为A。【例 2】(07-12-32)APeople came to see the role of women in the business world.BKatharine played a major part in reshaping Americans mind.Her frien
4、ds said she would be remembered as a woman who had an important influence on events in the United States and the world.Katharine once wrote,“The world without CAmerican media would be quite different without Katharine.DKatharine had exerted an important influence on the world.newspapers would not be
5、 the same kind of world.”After her death,the employees of The Washington Post wrote:“The world without Katharine will not be the same at all.”32.What does the comment by employees of The Washington Post suggest?33.【提示】选项中的 Katharine played a major part,important influence 表明，问题应该与Katharine 的重要地位有关。【
6、解析】选D。推断题。本题的设题处在短文结尾。短文末句提到，the employees of The Washington Post 曾经写到：“没有 Katharine 的世界将会与现在完全不同”，由此可推知，Katharine 对世界产生了重要的影响(exerted an important influence)，故答案为D。二、短文中因果或目的处 短文后的问题所使用的疑问词中，除了 what 以外，出现最多的就是 why，而 what 提问也有很多是考查原因的，可见，因果关系是短文理解的考查重点之一。另外，短文中涉及到目的、目标的地方也经常会受到出题人的青睐，这类题目的选项多为动词原形或不
7、定式短语。因此，当短文中出现 because,since,so，lead to,result from/in,contribute to,aim to,in order to,so as to 等词或短语时，需重点关注。【例 3】(09-6-34)更多资料 学英语 找长喜 2 AShe wants Amanda to get professional care.BShe has no experience in raising children.CShe wants to show off her wealth.D She has no time to do it herself.Parent
8、s buy care and attention for their children because they have no time to give it themselves.Amandas mother employs a personal trainer,a bodyguard,a singing coach and a councilor to look after all her fifteen year old daughters needs.34.Why does Amandas mother employ other people to look after her ne
9、eds?【提示】选项A、B提示，She 应该是一位母亲，Amanda 很可能是她的女儿，wants to，has no 以及 professional care,showwealth 提示，问题可能是问 Amanda 的母亲请专人照看Amanda 的原因。【解析】选D。细节题。本题的设题处在因果处。文中提到，好莱坞的父母都会雇人来照顾他们的孩子，因为他们自己没有时间，接着举出 Amanda 的事例来说明这一点，由此可知，Amanda 的母亲是因为自己没有时间照顾 Amanda 所以才雇人来照顾她，故答案为 D。三、短文中并列、转折、条件处 表示并列、转折、条件等其他逻辑关系的地方也往往是短文理
10、解的出题重点。因此，当短文中出现 as well as,not onlybut also,but,however,if,even if/even though 等表示逻辑关系的连接词的时候，需重点关注。【例 4】(06-12-34)AThey reveal the seriousness of the problem.BThey indicate how fast the virus spreads.CThey tell us what kind of medicine to take.DThey show our body is fighting the virus.You feel ter
11、rible because you cant breathe well,but your body is actually eating the virus.Your temperature rises and you get a fever,but the heat of your body is killing the virus.You also have a running nose to stop the virus from getting to your cells.34.What does the speaker say about the symptoms of the co
12、mmon cold?35.【提示】选项中的 reveal,indicate,tell,show 表明，问题与 They 能表明什么有关，seriousness,virus spreads,medicine to take,fighting the virus 提示，They 可能与某种疾病表现有关。【解析】选D。细节题。本题的设题处在转折处。作者在提到各种感冒症状(cant breathe well,temperature rises，have a running nose)之后又通过 but 转折句强调，出现这些症状的时候，你的身体其实正在吃掉、杀死、阻拦病毒，由此可知答案为D。四、短文中含
13、有年代、数量、价格、时间等信息处 当听到录音中出现这些数字信息时，除了关注数字本身以外，还要注意记录与数字相联系的重要信息。【例 5】(10-6-28）A Some of them were political minded.B Fifty percent of them were female.C One third of them were senior managers.D Most of them were rather conservative.“Things were going so well until the end”,Alex said disappointedly.“Ob
14、viously,I said the wrong thing.”“Yes”,the district manager replied.“Half of our managers are women”28.What do we learn about the audience at the meeting?29.【提示】选项中的 some,fifty percent,one third,most 表明，本题应该考查与数量相关的 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 3 信息，听音时除了留意表示数量的信息以外，还要注意与数字相关联的其他信息。【解析】选B。细节题。本题的设题处在数字信息处。短文中提到，Alex
15、 跟一位区域经理说，他觉得自己说错了什么，经理回答说“是的”，并向其解释了原因：“有一半的区域经理都是女性。”，由此可知答案为B。五、短文中比较或对比处 短文中的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，以及 asas,compared with,while,whereas 等引出的比较或对比结构经常被作为设题点。【例 6】(06-6-16)APrivate donations.BFees paid by students.CGovernment funding.DGrants from corporations.In Britain finance for universities comes from
16、 three sources:the first,and the largest source,is grants from the government,the second source is and the third one is 16.What is the main financial source for British universities?17.【提示】选项均表示资金来源，B项提示，本题可能是关于学校的资金来源。【解析】选C。细节题。本题的设题处在最高级处。文中列举了英国大学的三种财政来源，第一种来源，也是最大的来源(the largest source)，即问题中的 t
17、he main financial source，是政府拨款(grants from the government)，即选项中的 government funding，由此可知答案为C。六、短文中举例或列举处 短文中为说明一个问题，常常会使用列举或进行举例，这些地方往往是出题的重点。因此当听到 such as,for example,for instance,the first,the second 等一类的词语时，应加以留意。【例 7】(07-6-34)ABy bringing an animal rarely seen on nearby farms.BBy bringing a bag
18、of grain in exchange for a ticket.C By offering to do volunteer work at the fair.During the early 1930s,officials of the fair ruled that the people could attend by paying with something other than money.For example,farmers brought a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket.DBy performing a special skil
19、l at the entrance.the fair in the early 1930s?34.How did some farmers gain entrance to 【提示】选项均以 by 开头，本题是考查做某事的方法。【解析】选B。细节题。本题的设题处在举例处。该例子中提到，农民可以拿一袋谷物(a bag of grain)来交换(in exchange for)集市的门票，故答案为B。七、短文中建议或告诫处 短文中，尤其是短文结尾，经常会向人们提出一些建议、告诫或呼吁，因此，考生在听音时要留意 Youd better,Why not do?,may as well,should,w
20、arn,remind 等典型的句式或短语。【例 8】(05-6-17)ALooking sideways to see how fast your neighbor eats.BEating from the outside toward the middle.CSwallowing the pie with water.DHolding the pie in the right position.It is usually better to start at the outside and work toward the middle.This method gives you a goa
21、l to focus on.更多资料 学英语 找长喜 4 17.What suggestion is offered for eating off the pie quickly?18.【提示】从选项内容来看，问题很可能与吃馅饼的方法有关，很可能是某人的建议。【解析】选B。细节题。本题的设题处在建议处。文中提到，吃 pie 时最好是从外朝里吃(start at the outside and work toward the middle)，由此可知答案为B。It is better to(最好是)用来表达建议。八、短文中引言处 短文中有时也会涉及对他人话语或别处文字的引用，这些地方也常会受到出
22、题人的青睐。【例 9】(06-12-28)AThey should make sure their children are always punctual for school.BThey should ensure their children grow up in a healthy environment.CThey should help their children accomplish high quality work.“If we dont ask about sleep and try to improve sleep patterns in kids struggling
23、 academically,then we arent doing our job”,Forlone said.“For parents,”he said,“the message is simple:Getting kids to bed on time is as important as getting them to school on time.”DThey should see to it that their children have adequate sleep.28.What message did the researcher intend to convey to pa
24、rents?【提示】选项中的 their children 表明，they 指父母；make sure,ensure,help,see to 提示，问题可能与父母应该对孩子负的责任有关。【解析】选D。细节题。本题的设题处在引言处。文中直接引用了 the researcher 的话，他说：“父母应该了解一点：让孩子准时上床和让他们准时上学是同样重要的”，由此可知，the researcher 是想告诉父母，他们应该确保孩子有足够的睡眠，故答案为D。九、短文中强调处 强调的地方肯定是短文的重点所在，因此短文中的强调句型、助动词强调以及 actually，particularly 等表示强调的副词也
25、是出题的重点之一。【例 10】(08-6-30)AHis advanced age.BHis children s efforts.CHis improved financial condition.D His second wife s positive influence.Under her influence,we became a blended family and a good relationship developed between the two families.She always treated us as if we were her own children.It
26、 was because of our other mother,Daddy s second wife,that he became closer to his own children.30.What brought the father closer to his own children?31.【提示】选项中的 his 以及 efforts,improved,positive influence 提示，问题可能是关于促成男士家里某件事情的原因。【解析】选D。细节题。本题的设题处在强调处。该句强调的是原因状语 because of，由该句可知，父亲和自己的孩子变得更加亲近是因为他的第二任
27、妻子的积极影响，故答案为D。十、短文中时间状语处 短文中(尤其是人物故事类)经常会叙述什么时间发生了什么事或描述某人、某事在某个时候的状态，这些地方经常成为设题点。因此，当短文中出现 while,when,as 等引导的时间状语从句或是其他时间状语时，一定要注意与其相关的细节信息。【例 11】(10-6-33）A Fashion designer.B Architect.更多资料 学英语 找长喜 5 C City planner.D Engineer.Before Barbara had children,she worked as an architect for the governmen
28、t,designing government housing.She quit her job when she became pregnant,but is now interested in returning to work.33.What was Barbara s profession before she had children?【提示】选项均为职业，故问题很可能是考查某人的职业。【解析】选A。细节题。本题的设题处在时间状语处。短文中提到，Barbara 在有孩子以前(Before Barbara had children)，她是政府的建筑师(architect)，由此可知答案为
29、 B。Passage One【做题提示】预览三道题各选项，短文可能与有关，可能涉及某人的。1问题可能是关于。2听音时应留意，听清问什么。3问题可能与有关。1.AA pharmacist.BA policeman.CA doctor.DA tobacconist.2.AOne.BTwo.CTwelve.DTwenty.3.AGoing straight back to home.BHiding the cigarettes in her pocket.CTaking the side street.DAvoiding passing by a police station.Passage Two
30、【做题提示】预览三道题各选项，短文可能与有关。1问题可能是关于某人。1.AIt is a way to cover embarrassment.BIt is an unusual and even suspicious behavior.CIt is a custom to show politeness and friendship.DIt is an expression of lack of respect.2问题可能与有关。3问题可能与某些人的有关。A We shouldnt judge all the people with one culture.B We shouldnt smi
31、le in front of a Russian.C We shouldnt conceal our true feelings from others.D We shouldnt express our emotions to others.3.AThere are great individual and ethnic differences.BThey show too many facial expressions.CThey have different religions.DThere are too many different faces.Passage Three【做题提示】
32、预览三道题各选项，短文可能与某个事迹有关。1问题可能是关于，听音时应留意，并听清问什么。2问题可能是关于。3问题可能与有关。1.AIn Iceland.BIn Ireland.CNear Newfoundland.更多资料 学英语 找长喜 6 DOn the Atlantic coast.2.AShe was very courageous in her flight.BShe was the first woman who flew a plane.CShe brought new technology to England and Europe.DShe always made peopl
33、e feel full of hope.3.ATo bring honor to her country.BTo please President Hoover.CTo be the first woman to fly around the world.DTo show that aviation was not just for men.Passage Four【做题提示】预览三道题各选项，短文是介绍，可能涉及她的和情况。1问题可能是关于女士，故可排除。2问题可能与女士有关。1.AHer success in a speech contest.BHer beauty and ability
34、 shown in the beauty contests.CHer outstanding academic grades in high school.DThe recommendation of a famous professor.2.AShe became interested in discussions.BShe found a part time job in the TV station.CShe graduated from the college.DShe had an accident.3听音时应留意，并听清问什么。3.AMen.BOlder people.CWomen
35、.DChildren.Passage Five【做题提示】预览四道题各选项，短文可能与有关。1选项具有概括性，问题可能考查。2问题可能是关于。3问题可能与有关，听音时应留意。4听音时应留意,并听清问什么。1.ATwo important tests of a new airplane.BThe process of the tank test in the water.CThe way pilots carry out the test flights.DThe dangers of an air disaster.2.ATo find out how much air can be pump
36、ed into a plane.BTo find out how much air is needed at different altitudes.CTo find out what would happen if the plane crashed in the water.DTo find out the weak parts of the plane.3.AThe water pressure is greater than air pressure.BThere will not be an explosion.CThe explosion cause less damage ins
37、ide the water tank.DIt will be much easier to deal with the pollution.4.AIn the air.BOn open ground.更多资料 学英语 找长喜 7 CIn the water.DIn the vacuum environment.Passage One【听力原文】Now that smoking is considered to be very dangerous to the health,it is especially difficult for children to buy cigarettes or
38、tobacco.1Our tobacconist,Mr.Smith,has always been very careful about this.If his customers are very young,he always asks them whom the cigarettes are for.One day,2a little girl whom he had never seen before walked boldly into his shop and demanded twenty cigarettes.She had the exact amount of money
39、in her hand and seemed very sure of herself.Mr.Smith was so surprised by her confident manner that he forgot to ask his usual question.Instead,he asked her what kind of cigarettes she wanted.The girl replied promptly and handed him the money.While he was giving her the cigarettes,3Mr.Smith said laug
40、hingly,“You are so young that you should hide the packet in your pocket in case a policeman saw it.”However,the little girl did not seem to find this very funny.Without even smiling she took the packet and walked towards the door.Suddenly she stopped,turned round,and looked steadily at Mr.Smith.Ther
41、e was a moments deathly silence and the tobacconist wondered what she was going to say.All at once,in a clear,solemn voice,the girl declared,“My dad is a policeman,”and with that she walked quickly out of the shop.【答案解析】预览三道题各选项，短文可能与吸烟有关，可能涉及某人的职业。1.Who is Mr.Smith?【提示】问题可能是关于某人的身份。【解析】选D。细节题。本题的设题
42、处在开头处。短文开头处提到，烟草商(tobacconist)史密斯先生总是对儿童买烟十分谨慎，故答案为D。2.How many cigarettes did the girl want to buy?【提示】听音时应留意与数字相关的信息，并听清问什么。【解析】选D。细节题。本题的设题处在数量处。文中提到，一个史密斯先生从未见过的小女孩大摇大摆地走进店里，要 20 只香烟(demanded twenty cigarettes)，由此可知答案为D。3.What was Mr.Smith s suggestion to the gir l when he gave her the cigarette
43、s?【提示】选项B中的 her 提示问题可能针对女士提问，选项均为 ing动词短语，问题可能与某人对女士的建议有关。【解析】选B。细节题。本题的设题处在建议处和引言处。文中提到，史密斯先生把香烟递给小女孩的时候，笑着建议她说：“你这么小，应该把烟藏到口袋里(hide the packet in her pocket)，以免被警察看见。”由此可知答案为B。Passage Two【听力原文】Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships.For instance,A womans
44、 smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child.A smile may show affection,convey politeness,or disguise true feelings.1For example many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even suspicious behavior.Yet many Ame
45、ricans smile freely at strangers in public places.In Southeast Asian cultures,a smile is frequently used to cover emotional pain or embarrassment.2Our faces reveal emotions and attitudes,but we should not attempt to“read”people from another culture as we would“read”someone from our own culture.The d
46、egree of facial expressiveness one exhibits varies among individuals and cultures.The fact that members of one culture do not 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 8 express their emotions as openly as members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.Rather,there are cultural restraints on the amount of
47、 nonverbal expressiveness permitted.For example,in public and formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do.More privately and with friends,Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.3 It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial e
48、xpressiveness because of individual and ethnic differences in the United States.People from certain ethnic backgrounds in the United States tend to be more facially expressive than others.The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotions are different.If we judge according to our
49、own cultural norms,we may make the mistake of“reading”the other person incorrectly.【答案解析】预览三道题各选项，短文可能与面部表情有关。1.What do many Russians think of smiling at strangers in public places,according to the passage?【提示】选项中的 unusual，suspicious 和 pleasure 提示，问题可能是关于某人对某事的观点态度。【解析】选B。细节题。本题的设题处在举例处。文中提到，俄罗斯人认为在
50、公共场合对陌生人微笑是不正常的(unusual)，甚至是可疑(suspicious)的行为，故答案为B。2.What can be inferred from the passage?3.【提示】选项中的 shouldn t提示，问题可能与建议有关。【解析】选A。推断题。本题的设题处在建议处。文中提到，虽然我们的面部表情能反映出我们的情感及观点，但是我们不应该像理解自己文化人群的面部表情那样去理解其他文化人群的面部表情，也就是说我们不应该用一种文化判断所有人，故答案为A。3.Why is it hard to generalize Americans facial expressiveness