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1、南京市南京市 2019 届高三年级考试届高三年级考试2018.09第一节第一节 单项填空（共单项填空（共 15 小题，每题小题，每题 1 分，满分分，满分 15 分）分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A, B, C, D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。21. _ a striking look with a sea of lavender flowers, Guli has become a famous attraction in Nanjing. A. Wearing B. To wear C. To be wearing D. Having won【答案】A【解析
2、】本题考查非谓语动词。由题干可知，该题只需判断动作与谓语的先后关系：有着薰衣草花海的迷人风貌，谷里变成了南京著名的旅游景点。由此可知，表述一般的情况，BC 表示将来，D 表示已经，只有 A 表一般情况，因此选 A。 22. -Whats up, Kim? You look very excited!-Sorry, just a moment ago I ran into Tayor Swift so I was a bit _.A. Given upB. have their hands upC. carried awayD. driven away【答案】C【解析】本题考查动词短语的辨析。A
3、 选项 give up：放弃，辞去，让出；B 选项 hold up：举起，支撑，耽搁，持械抢劫，举例，经受住；C 选项 carry away: 拿走，使失去自制力；D 选项 drive away：赶走，离开。根据句意：刚刚我撞见了泰勒 斯威夫特（著名女歌手），我有点儿激动（失去自制力）。23. The Spanish National Football Team is such a superb one that they can_.A. get their hands dirtyB. have their hands fullC. lay their hands on usD. beat u
4、s hands down【答案】D【解析】本题考查谚语辨析。A 选项 get ones hands dirty：亲自动手；B 选项 have ones hands full 忙得不可开交；C 选项 lay ones hands on sb./ sth. 找到某人/物；D 选项 beat sb. hands down 打败某人。根据句意：西班牙国家足球队是如此卓越以至于能够将我们打败。24. What a lucky dog! Hes just _ a starring role in Spielbergs next movie.A. landedB. lostC. arrangedD. acc
5、epted【答案】A【解析】本题考查动词辨析。A 选项 land：着陆，到达，跌落，谋得（工作、合约）、使陷入困境；B 选项 lose：失去，丢失，输掉；C 选项 arrange：安排，整理，准备；D 选项 accept: 接受，容忍，承担。根据句意：多么幸运啊！他在斯皮尔伯格（美国著名导演）的下一部电影中谋得主演的角色。25. Some animal protectors are seen as being two-faced about animal welfare _ the way they treat domestic animals.A.in need ofB. in view o
6、fC. in search ofD. in favour of【答案】B【解析】本题考查介词短语的辨析。A 选项 in need of : 需要，缺少；B 选项 in view of : 鉴于，考虑到；C 选项 in search of : 寻找，搜寻；D 选项 in favour of 支持，赞成。根据句意：根据/鉴于/考虑到（他们）对待家养动物的方式，一些动物保护者被视为动物福祉的两面派。26. The company needs to develop a culture _ people see thats OK to take time off.A. thatB. whenC. whi
7、chD. where【答案】D【解析】本题考查定语从句。首先根据选项内容初步判断为三大从句之名从或定从，横线引导从句，主句不缺成分：定从或同位语。不是解释说明，判定为定从。顾后：定从中不缺成分找关系副词，排除 A 与 C。瞻前：先行词是 a culture, 抽象地点名词，因此选 D。句意：这个公司需要创造一种文化，在这种文化中，人们认为忙里偷闲也是可以的。27. If we just focus on how we want the future to be, we may be _ to opportunities along the way.A. equalB. closeC. blin
8、dD. open【答案】C【解析】本题考查形容词以及短语辨析。A 选项 be equal to: 等于，胜任，与匹敌；B 选项: be closeto 接近，靠近；C 选项 be blind to: 对不了解，对视而不见；D 选项 be open to :对开放，愿意接受。根据句意：如果我们仅仅专注于我们未来想成为的样子，我们可能会对沿途的机会视而不见。28. You say you are innocent, but we have good reasons to think _.A. twiceB. overC. aloudD. otherwise【答案】D【解析】本题考查副词的辨析。A
9、选项 twice：两次，两倍；B 选项 over：结束，越过，从头到尾（注意 over 还可以作 prep. / adj./ n. 与 v.）;C 选项 aloud： 大声地，出声地；D 选项 otherwise: 否则，另外，在其他方面（注意 otherwise 还可以作 conj. / adj.）。根据句意：你说你是无辜的，但是我们也有充足的理由在其他方面作考虑。29.The site in Beijing is an outstanding _ of the creative art of Chinese garden design.A. distinctionB. expression
10、C. inspirationD. evaluation【答案】B【解析】本题考查名词辨析。distinction 区别; 荣誉; 特质; 卓越; expression 表现，表达; 表情, 脸色;措辞, 说法; inspiration 是灵感; evaluation 估价, 评估。根据句子的字面意思：北京的这个地方是中国园林设计创新艺术的充分表达（即北京的这一地方充分表现出了中国园林设计的创新艺术），故选B。30. HMVs rise started with the pop music revolution of the 1960s, when the company began _itsa
11、lbum sales in London.A. expandingB. exploringC. exportingD. expecting【答案】A【解析】本题考查动词辨析。expand 扩张; 使变大; explore 勘查, 探测; export 出口, 输出; expect期待, 期望; 预料; 要求; 认为（某事）会发生。根据句子意思, 公司开始在伦敦增加专辑的销量, 因此选 A。31. It is very encouraging to see _ Beijing 2022 is using its potential to maximize the use of existing
12、stadiums.A. howB. whyC. whenD. whether【答案】A【解析】本题考查名词性从句。根据句子的意思，看到北京如何发挥自己的潜能以最大化利用现有体育馆是非常鼓舞人心的，故选 A。32. Mr. Wills, who was being helped up onto the platform to take the prize, looked as if he_ by lightning.A. was just struckB. were just struckC. would just be struckD. had just been struck【答案】D【解析
13、】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知 as if 后面引导的从句是与事实相反的假设，因此需要用虚拟的时态。根据 looked 及句意可知是对过去的虚拟，因此要选过去完成时，答案为 D。33. After 40 years of reform and opening-up, China still has a long way to go _ it becomes a “developed economy”.A. untilB. beforeC. afterD. unless【答案】B【解析】本题考查状语从句。根据句意，在中国变成发达国家之前有很长的路要走，故选 B。34. The founding
14、 of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which _ widely recognized and praised,aims to build friendly international relations.A. wasB. wereC. has beenD. had been【答案】C【解析】本题考查时态语态。句子给出的时态背景是 aims 一般现在时，根据句子的意思分析，要排除一般过去时，并且该动作也不存在“过去的过去”即过去完成时，因此 D 也排除，选 C 现在完成时，表示到现在为止“已经是”。35. -What a waste of time t
15、o watch such a boring match！-_ . Why not switch the channel?A. Its no big dealB. With your permissionC. My feelings exactlyD. Youve got to be kidding【答案】C【解析】本题考查情景交际。A 是没什么大不了的，B 是有你的允许，C 是我也这么认为，我的感觉也是这样，D 是你一定在开玩笑。根据句意：“为什么看这么无聊的比赛？”“我也这么认为，不如换个频道”，故选 C。第二节完型填空（共第二节完型填空（共 20 小题，每小题小题，每小题 1 分，满分分，
16、满分 20 分）分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上讲该题涂黑。Wildflowers in a mountain meadow are a gift of nature. But what about those wildflowers blooming along busy_36_? Well, nature had a_37_.Claudia Alta “Lady Bird” Johnson, the wife of our thirty-sixth President, Lyndon B. Johnson wanted_38
17、_ to be a national priority.As a little girl growing up in “deep east Texas,” wildflowers helped her get through_39_ times. Her mother had died when she was five, and her father_40_ most of his time at the general store he owned. Her older brothers were away at school, _41_ Lady Bird turned to natur
18、e for_42_. “Nature was my friend and my teacher,” she says. “It was a joy to me, and its never _43_me.”After high school, Lady Bird left home for the University of Texas in Austin. _41_ she found joy in naturein the vast quantities of Texas bluebonnets（德克萨斯州羽扇豆）. It was there that Lady Bird met and
19、fell in love with Lyndon B. Johnson. He proposed to her on their first _45_.“The whole country_46_ the President,” Lady Bird said, “but only one man selects the First Ladyand it is highly_47_ that he was thinking of her as First Lady when he proposed!”When she got to know the_48_ disappearance of “A
20、merica the Beautiful” due to land development and pollution, Lady Bird_49_ the President to propose a Highway Beautification Act that allocated money to_50_ roadsides. The act was passed in 1965.Lady Bird_51_ that many wildflowers, like people, were immigrants. “They_52_ the nation on the wheels of
21、covered wagons, perhaps_53_ in the pockets of children.”Lady Bird is certainly our First Lady of_54_. She has made us see that highways can be beautiful. She is the reason why wildflowers now_55_ our travels through almost every state.36. A. streetsB. highwaysC. roadsD. lanes【答案】B【解析】考察名词辨析。根据后文倒数第三
22、段可知，这些野花还盛开在 highway 高速公路旁边。37. A. helperB. discovererC. creatorD. protector【答案】A【解析】考察名词辨析。根据后文可知，主人公帮助大自然让这些野花盛开。38. A. libertyB. trafficC. justiceD. beauty【答案】D【解析】考察名词辨析。根据后文倒数第三段 “America the Beautiful” 可知，本空应该是“美”。A 项 liberty “自由”B 项 traffic “交通”C 项 justice “公正”39. A. lonelyB. excitingC. happy
23、D. disappointed【答案】A【解析】考察形容词辨析。根据后文描述，主人公妈妈去世，爸爸忙于上班，哥哥在外地求学，只剩下主人公一个人，很孤独。40. A. wastedB. spentC. foundD. killed【答案】B【解析】考察动词辨析。本句意为主人公的爸爸整日忙于上班，固定搭配 sb. spend time doing/on sth.41. A. soB. butC. orD. for【答案】A【解析】考察连词辨析。根据前文描述，主人公妈妈去世，爸爸忙于上班，哥哥在外地求学，只剩下主人公一个人，很孤独。因此只能把自己的孤独向大自然排遣，寻求大自然的陪伴。42. A. a
24、idB. companyC. rescueD. happiness【答案】B【解析】考察名词辨析。根据 41 题解析，主人公很孤独，只能寻求大自然的陪伴。43. A. ignoredB. scaredC. troubledD. failed【答案】D【解析】考察动词辨析。sth. fail sb. 某事使某人失望，考察 fail 的使动用法。44. A. AbsolutelyB. NaturallyC. AgainD. Often【答案】C【解析】考察副词辨析。A 项 absolutely “绝对地，完全地”B 项 naturally“自然地”，很多学生会误选 B，根据前文可知，主人公小时候就
25、在大自然的陪伴下找到快乐，现在长大了上大学，在大学里又一次找到了大自然的乐趣。45. A. dateB. tryC. voteD. appearance【答案】A【解析】考察名词辨析。propose 意为求婚，date 意为约会，在他们第一次约会就求婚了。46. A. shapesB. servesC. selectsD. supports【答案】C【解析】考察动词辨析。select 意为选择选举，根据后文，主人公说这个唯一的男人选择了第一夫人。47. A. unlikelyB. unnecessaryC. unusualD. uncertain【答案】A【解析】考察形容词辨析。unlikel
26、y 不可能，当这个男人求婚的时候，他不可能想到这个女人就是后来的第一夫人。本题很多学生会误选 D 项 unusual，根据我们刚才的分析，把这句话翻译成中文自然意思就明了了。48. A. suddenB. completeC. gradualD. final【答案】C【解析】考察形容词辨析。由于土地发展和污染，“America the Beautiful”正在逐渐消失。49. A. warnedB. persuadeC. forcedD. ordered【答案】B【解析】考察动词辨析。warn 警告，persuade 说服，persuade sb. to do sth. 主人公说服总统去提出高
27、速公路美化倡议。 force 强迫，迫使，order 命令，预定。50. A. lengthenB. widenC. monitorD. landscape【答案】D【解析】考察动词辨析。landscape 名词作动词，意为美化，A 项 lengthen “加长”，B 项 widen “拓宽”C 项 monitor “监视，监测”。51. A. let outB. found outC. pointed outD. figured out【答案】C【解析】考察动词词组辨析。A 项 let out “发出，放出”B 项 find out “发现，找出”，C 项 point out “指出”，D
28、项 figure out “搞清楚，弄明白”。根据本句句意，主人公指出后面的观点。52. A. visitedB. leftC. passedD. crossed【答案】D【解析】考察动词辨析。这里运用了拟人的说法，野花比如蒲公英可以通过粘在货车车轮上，甚至是躲在孩子们的口袋里，传播遍及整个国家。此题不少同学会选 A，visit 意为参观，拜访，本句重点强调野花可以通过各种日常生活中的媒介传播遍及整个国家。53. A. thenB. evenC. yetD. still【答案】B【解析】考察副词辨析。根据上面 52 题解析可知答案。54. A. wildflowersB. wagonsC. r
29、oadsidesD. travels【答案】A【解析】考察名词辨析。主旨题，根据全文可知此空为 wildflower。55. A. decideB. guideC. brightenD. shorten【答案】C【解析】考察动词辨析。根据全文可知，主人公说服总统去提出高速公路美化倡议，因此每当我们在高速公路上旅行的时候，都能看到路边美丽的风景，这点亮了我们的旅行。brighten 点亮。第三部分第三部分 阅读理解（共阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 分，满分分，满分 30 分）分）请仔细阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该
30、项涂黑。AFEEDING AMERICA: BY THE NUMBERS *41,200,000WANT TO DOAMERICANS ARE FOOD INSECURE.SOMETHING?(Meaning they dont know when and how theyll get their nextOne way to stem the tide ofmeal )hunger is via neighborhood food1.5banks. They need three things:13MILLIONmoney, your time, and food. IfMILLIONVet
31、erans receive food stamps.you plan on donating food, hereAMERICAN CHILDERN27%are the items food banks needFACE HUNGER-THATSof households with incomesmost:1 IN 6 KIDS.Above the federal povertyApplesaucelevelBoxed mealsAre food insecure.Canned beans18.7%5.4Canned chickenOf Mississippians are foodMILLI
32、ONCanned chiliInsecure.Senior citizens currently faceCanned fish (tuna, salmon)(Highest rate of all states)food insecurity in America.Cooking oils8.7%Lack of transportation,CrackersOf Hawaiians are foodfunctional limitations, andDried herbs and spicesinsecure.health problems are majorNuts(Lowest rat
33、e of all states)factors.Peanut butterWhole-grain cereal(Note: Avoid items with glass packaging because they can be broken in transport. Pop-top ans are a plus-no opener needed.)* Trusted Media Brands-Readers Digests parent company-has become an official media partner of Feeding America, the nations
34、largest hunger-relief charity.See how you can help our efforts at .56. According to the passage, which of the following is TERE?Those Americans who live above the poverty line wont go hungry.13 million American children are food insecure for lack of transportation.Among all the states in the USA, fo
35、od insecurity in Mississippi is severest.Neighborhood banks have no additional requirements for food packaging.【答案】：C【解析】：细节题，根据表格中 18.7% of the Mississippians are food insecure. (Highest rate of all states )可知，选项 C 正确。57. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?65.To warn readers against
36、 dangers of insecure food.66.To urge readers to help the poor out of poverty.67.To inform readers of the severe food shortage in America.68.To advocate readers contributing to food relief in America.【答案】：D【解析】：主旨题，文章主要讲的是美国人民的食物缺乏情况，表格右侧一列和最后一行都在呼吁人们为解决食物缺乏做出一些贡献，故选 D。A 选项说的是警告，B 选项是帮助贫苦人民脱离贫困，A.选项说
37、的是通知，均不符合。B$1 donated to Feeding America will buy 10 meals for people facing hunger in America.So called “sin taxes” on sugary drinks, alcohol and tobacco not only work, but will help rather thanimproperly punish the poor, according to a major new international analysis. Just a day before the UK bri
38、ngs in a levy on sugary drinks, experts are urging every country in the world to use taxes to keep people from the eating, drinking and smoking habits that will damage their health.The experts analyzed the effects of taxes on sugary drinks, tabacco and alcohol in countries that have introduced them
39、and found that the criticism that they are punishing the poorest in unfounded. Experts did a survey. They looked at 13 countries: Chile, Guatemala, Panama, Nicaragua, Albania, Poland, Turkey, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Niger, Nigeria, India and Timor-Leste. They found that wealthier families generally sp
40、end more on alcohol, soft drinks and snacks. In India, for instance, wealthier households spent seven times more on alcohol and three times more on soft drinks and snacks compared to poorer households. So those households end up paying a larger proportion of any tax. On the other hand, taxes have a
41、greater impact on the smaller household budgets of poorer families. They respond by buying less, with greater benefits for their health. In the UK, say the authors, the response to the possible introduction of a minimum price for alcohol was estimated to be 7.6 times larger in the poorest households
42、, compared with the wealthiest. In Mexico, the introduction of a sugary drinks tax resulted in an average of 4.2 litres less of soft drinks purchased per person, with a 17% decrease in purchases among lower income groups and almost no change in higher income groups. In Lebanon, they say, a 50% incre
43、ase in the price of cigarettes would lead to twice as many people quitting smoking in poorer households as wealthy families. “The evidence suggests that concerns about higher taxes on tobacco, alcohol, and soft drinks harming the poor are overstated,” said Dr Rachel Nugent from RTI International in
44、Seattle, USA, and chair of the Lancet Taskforce on NCDs and economics. “Some degree of taxation on tobacco is common in many countries, and while we are starting to see progress on alcohol taxes, there is much more governments should be doing in both high and low income countries to consider the car
45、eful introduction of taxes on other unhealthy products like soft drinks and snacks. Price policies such as taxes will be a key part of the response to rising rates of non-communicable diseases(慢性非传染病).”The UK sugar tax is a levy on the manufacturers of 18p per litre for drinks containing 5g of sugar
46、 per 100ml and 24p on those with 8g per 100ml.Many companies have reformulated their products, often swapping artificial sweeteners for sugar. Some like Coca-Cola have decided to stick to the original recipe and the price will rise, although the bottles and cans will shrink to reduce the impact. 58.
47、What do we know about the “sin taxes”? They receive warm welcome in developing countries. They help people get rid of unhealthy lifestyles. They have the same effects on the poor and rich. They have a deeper influence on groups with high income.【答案】:B【解析】:细节题。对每个选项的内容与原文进行对比。定位到原文中：第三段，第一句，On the ot
48、her hand, taxes have a greater impacts on the smaller household budgets of poorer families. They respond by buying less, with greater benefits for their health. 根据本句提示可知在一些收入较低家庭，这个税收帮助他们减少垃圾食品的购买，从而保护了自身健康；而人们之所以拒绝购买是因为税收提高迫使他们这么做，易错点 A 选项 warm welcome 则表示人们是自觉自愿的去拒绝，因此错误；而 C 和 D 根据本句也可以排除。59.Which of the following is TRUE about the responses to “sin taxes”? The public have turned a deaf ear to it. The government has introduced taxes on snacks.A. Many companies have raised the price of their products. B. Coca-Cola will use smaller packages to counter the impacts.【答案】：D【解析】：细节题。A. 根