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1、第 1 页 被动语态 一、语态概述 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Many people speak English.谓语：speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。所谓“被动语态，相当于中文中常说的“被、“由的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。，再如：English is spoken by many people.主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者。判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？He opened the door.他开了门。_ The do
2、or was opened.门被开了。_ 二、被动语态的构成:被动特点强调宾，用 be 加上过去分。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语 by来引。1.English is _speakin Canada.2.The blouse is _makeof silk.3.English is _speakby many people.谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。1.Some stamps were _steallast week.2.The PRC was _foundon October 1,1949.第 2 页 3.Football is _playin mos
3、t middle schools.被动语态由“助动词 be及物动词的过去分词构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。但凡汉语中带“被的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。三几种常用时态的被动语态 1.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词 肯定句：Bikes are _sellin that shop.否认句：Bikes are not sold in that shop.疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop?Yes,they are./No,they arent.2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词 肯定句：He was _savein 201
4、9.否认句：He was not saved in 2019.疑问句：Was he saved in 2019?Yes,he was./No,he wasnt.3.一般将来时：shall/will/be going to+be+过去分词 肯定句：An English class will be _ giveby Jack tomorrow.否认句：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow.疑问句：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow?4.现在进展时：am/is/are+bei
5、ng+过去分词 肯定句：A car is being _drivenow.否认句：A car is not being driven now.第 3 页 疑问句：Is a car being driven now?Yes,it is./No,it isnt.5.现在完成时：have/has+been+过去分词 肯定句：A road has been _buildby the government.否认句：A road hasnt been built by the government.疑问句：Has a road been built by the government?Yes,it has
6、./No,it hasnt.1This clock can be _repairhere.2The trees may be _plantat other times of the year.3The composition must be _handin after class.4The young trees should be _plantin spring.四、被动语态的用法 1不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were _steallast night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。不知道电脑是谁偷的 This book was _publi
7、shin 1981.这本书出版于 1981年。2强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The window was _breakby Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。This book was _writeby him.这本书是他写的。Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天 8 小时睡眠必须得到保证。第 4 页 五、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2把谓语变成被动构造be过去分词 根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式。3 把主动语态中的主语放在
8、介词 by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：1.All the people _laughat him.He was _laughat by all people.2.They _makethe bikes in the factory.The bikes are _makeby them in the factory.六、补充 一些宾补动词如 make,see,hear 等在主动语态中可以接动词原形实为省略 to 的动词不定式作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复 to。如：He made me stand outside.I was made to stand outsideb
9、y him.I saw him play football.He was seen to play footballby him.专项练习 一、选择题()1._ a new library _ in our school last year?第 5 页 A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;build D.Did;build()2.An accident _ on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened 棉花 _ in the southeast of
10、China.A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow()4.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives()5.How many trees _ this year?A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted()6.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl no
11、w.A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done()7.The Great Wall _ all over the world.第 6 页 A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known()8.The children _ by the nurse.A.were looked B.looked after C.were looked after D.looked ()9.He _ some pieces of advice,but he _ to them.A.gave,didnt liste
12、n B.was given,wasnt listened C.give,wasnt listened D.was given,didnt listen ()10.The question _ by us soon.A.is going to discuss B.will discuss C.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed ()11.The lab _ about five years ago.A.was built B.was built C.builds D.has been built ()12.A lot of tall bui
13、ldings _ in his hometown in the last three years.A.have set up B.have been set up C.were set up D.set up ()13.They _ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.A.had finished B.have finished C.had been finished D.have been finished 第 7 页()14.Rice _ also _ in their hometown.A.isgrown B.isgrew C.was
14、grew D.wasgrown ()15.He _ by the teachers.A.is always praised B.praises C.have been praised D.always is praised ()16.The picture_ in October,1996.A.was taking B.had been taken C.was taken D.had taken ()17.We cant use the bridge now,because it_.A.has been repaired B.is repairing C.is repaired D.is be
15、ing repaired ()18.I _the way to the railway station by a policeman.A.was shown B.showed C.have shown D.was showing ()19.The war_ in 1941.A.broke out B.had been broken out C.was broken out D.had broken out ()20.When water_,it will be changed into vapour.A.is heated B.heating C.has heated D.heats 第 8
16、页()21.We cant enter the room because its door_.A.locked B.locks C.is locked D.is locking ()22.They _day and night.A.are made work B.are made to work C.made to be worked D.are making to work ()23.Man-made satellites _into space by many countries.A.was sent up B.is sent up C.have been sent up D.has be
17、en sent up ()24.This English song _ often _ by the children.A.is,singing B.is,sung C.will,sing D.was,sung ()25.The windows of our house _once a week.A.must clean B.have cleaned C.is cleaned D.are cleaned ()26.When _ the Peoples Republic of China_?A.was,found B.was,founded C.did,found D.does,found ()
18、27.Marys radio _ by my brother just now.A.will be mended B.has mended C.was mended D.第 9 页 mended ()28.Some trees may _ at other times of the year.A.be planted B.plant C.are planted D.will be planted ()29.A new English play _ there next week.A.will put on B.will be put on C.is going to put on D.will
19、 be putted on ()30.A strange thing _ in our school yesterday.A.was happened B.has been happened C.happened D.was going to happen ()31.The glass _.It _ by little Tom this morning.A.broke,is broken B.is broken,was broken C.was broken,broke D.has been broken,broken 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.It
20、s said(据说)that the long bridge_buildin two months 2.Where to have the meeting _ discussnow 3.Which language _the most widely_speakin the world？第 10 页 4.The lost boy_not findso far 5.Last year a large number of trees_cutdown 6.Vegetables,eggs and fruits_(sell)in this shop.7 What _ knives _(make)of?8.
21、They_(make)of metal(金属)and wood.9.Can the magazine _(take)out of the library?10.The room _(clean)by me every day.11.The stars cant _(see)in the daytime.12.How long _ your uncle _(be)in the city?13.The food _(smell)delicious.14.Look!Someone _(dance).三、按要求改写以下句子，一空一词。1.Tea grows in South China.改为被动语态
22、_.2.The children will sing an English song.(改为被动语态)An English song _ _ _ by the children.3.You neednt do it now.(改为被动语态)It _ _ _ by you now.4.People use metal for making machines.(改为被动语态)Metal _ _ _making machines.5.He made me do that for him.(改为被动语态)第 11 页 I _ _ _ _ that for him.6.They have sold ou
23、t the light green dresses.(改为被动语态)The light green dresses _ _ _ out.7.We call the game“Lianliankan.(改为被动语态)The game _ _“Lianliankan by us.四把以下句子改为被动语态 1.Parents take care of their kids._ 2.People plant trees every day._ 3.He ate bread yesterday._ 4.China makes many watches._ 5.The wind blew down the big tree last night._ 第 12 页 6.I do my homework every day._ 6.He doesnt throw the bad food._ 8.Mother was not mending the trousers._ 9.They will not take him to Beijing._ 10.Nobody knew me in this town at that time._