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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 被动语态一、语态概述英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被”、“由”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，再如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？He opened the door.他开了门。 （_
2、）The door was opened.门被开了。 （_）二、被动语态的构成: be动词+Vp.p被动特点强调宾，用be加上过去分。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。1. English is _（speak）in Canada.2. The blouse is _（make）of silk.3. English is _（speak）by many people.谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。1. Some stamps were _（steal）last week.2. The PRC was _（found）on October 1, 1949
3、.3. Football is _（play）in most middle schools.被动语态须留意，P.P前面助动be. be + P.Pam（is,are）现在时，am（is,are）+P.Pwas和were表过去。was（were）+P.P完成have（has）been。have（has）been+P.P将来，情态，be原形。will（can,may,must）be+P.P进行时态两个be，前表时态后加ing。am（is,are）+being+P.P被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英
4、语的被动语态。三几种常用时态的被动语态1.一般现在时： am/is/are+过去分词肯定句：Bikes are _（sell）in that shop.否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop.疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.2.一般过去时： was/were+过去分词肯定句：He was _（save）in 1999.否定句：He was not saved in 1999.疑问句：Was he saved in 1999? Yes, he was. / No,he
5、 wasnt.3.一般将来时： shall/will/be going to + be+过去分词肯定句：An English class will be _（give）by Jack tomorrow.否定句：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow.疑问句：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow? 4.现在进行时：am/is/are + being+过去分词肯定句：A car is being _（drive）now.否定句：A car is not being driven
6、 now.疑问句：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.5.现在完成时：have / has+ been+过去分词肯定句：A road has been _（build）by the government.否定句：A road hasnt been built by the government.疑问句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasnt.6.情态动词：情态动词+be + P.P1）This clock can be _（re
7、pair）here.2）The trees may be _（plant）at other times of the year.3）The composition must be _（hand）in after class.4）The young trees should be _（plant）in spring. 四、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were _（steal）last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）This book was _（publish）in 1981. 这本书出版于19
8、81年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The window was _（break）by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。This book was _（write）by him. 这本书是他写的。Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 五、主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主
9、格改为宾格。例如：1.All the people _（laugh）at him. He was _（laugh）at by all people.2.They _（make）the bikes in the factory. The bikes are _（make）by them in the factory.六、补充一些宾补动词如make, see, hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形（实为省略to的动词不定式）作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。如：He made me stand outside. I was made to stand outside（by hi
10、m）.I saw him play football. He was seen to play football（by him）. 专项练习一、选择题( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build( )2. An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened( )3.Cotton（棉花）
11、_ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow( )4.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives( )5.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted( )6.A lot of things
12、 _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done( )7.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known( )8. The children _ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked ( )9. He _ some
13、pieces of advice, but he _ to them.A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listenedC. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen ( ) 10. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discuss B. will discussC. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed ( )11. The lab _ about five years ago.A. w
14、as built B. was built C. builds D. has been built ( )12. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up ( )13. They _ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. h
15、ave been finished ( )14. Rice _ also _ in their hometown.A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrew D. wasgrown ( )15. He _ by the teachers.A. is always praised B. praisesC. have been praised D. always is praised ( )16. The picture_ in October, 1996.A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken ( )
16、17. We cant use the bridge now, because it_ .A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired ( )18. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing ( )19. The war_ in 1941.A. broke out B. had been broken outC. was broken o
17、ut D. had broken out ( )20. When water_ , it will be changed into vapour.A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats ( )21. We cant enter the room because its door_ .A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking ( )22. They _day and night.A. are made work B. are made to work C. made to be worked
18、D. are making to work ( )23. Man-made satellites _into space by many countries.A. was sent up B. is sent upC. have been sent up D. has been sent up ( )24. This English song _ often _ by the children.A.is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung ( )25.The windows of our house _once a week.A. m
19、ust clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned ( )26. When _ the Peoples Republic of China_ ? A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found ( )27. Marys radio _ by my brother just now. A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended ( )28. Some trees may _ at other times
20、 of the year. A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted ( )29. A new English play _ there next week. A. will put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on ( )30. A strange thing _ in our school yesterday. A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was go
21、ing to happen ( )31. The glass _ . It _ by little Tom this morning. A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was broken C. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.Its said(据说) that the long bridge_（build）in two months2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now3.Which
22、language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？4.The lost boy_（not find）so far5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down6. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.7 What _ knives _ (make) of ?8. They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood.9. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library?10. The room
23、 _ (clean) by me every day.11. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime.12. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city?13. The food _ (smell) delicious.14. Look! Someone _(dance).三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 1.Tea grows in South China.（改为被动语态）_.2. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song _ _
24、_ by the children.3. You neednt do it now. (改为被动语态) It _ _ _ by you now.4. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal _ _ _making machines.5. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态) I _ _ _ _ that for him.6.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态) The light green dresses _ _ _ out
25、.7.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)The game _ _ “Lianliankan” by us.四把下列句子改为被动语态1.Parents take care of their kids._ 2.People plant trees every day._3. He ate bread yesterday. _4. China makes many watches. _5. The wind blew down the big tree last night. _6.I do my homework every day. _6. He doesnt throw the bad food. _8. Mother was not mending the trousers. _9. They will not take him to Beijing. _10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time._专心-专注-专业