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1、关于高中英语语法之非谓语动词第一页，讲稿共二十三页哦 动词的非谓语的三种形式：不定式（to do）动名词（v-ing）分词 (v-ed,v-ing)第二页，讲稿共二十三页哦 不定式不定式:It is hard for me to do the work.to do the work.作主语He wants to speak at the meeting.to speak at the meeting.作宾语I have a lot of work to doto do.作定语He asked me to finish it in timeo finish it in time.作宾补第三页，讲
2、稿共二十三页哦My job is to help the patientto help the patient.作表语He is too young to go to school.to go to school.作结果状语We were surprised to find him thereo find him there.作原因状语He spoke loudly to make herself heard.to make herself heard.作目的状语 He went to his home,only to find he only to find he was out.was o
3、ut.出乎意料的结果 第四页，讲稿共二十三页哦特点特点:1）不定式短语做主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，（例1）2）不定式作宾语，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语，请看下句：I find it it interesting to study English.to study English.3)不定式作宾补，在feel,hear,listen to,look to,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语，不定式不带to,但这些句子变成被动结构就必须带to.第五页，讲稿共二十三页哦动名名词1）C
4、ollecting information(收集信息）is very important to businessmen.作主语2)It is no use arguing with him.(与他争论）作主语3）She finished reading the book(看完这本书）yesterday.作宾语4)He has a reading room.(书房）作定语第六页，讲稿共二十三页哦1.在it is no use/good,no any use/good,useless等后须用动名词作主语，泛指抽象动作.2 在finish,mind,enjoy,pactise,avoid,imagi
5、ne,consider,feel like,keep,prevent,risk,suggest 等词后，一定用动词的ing形式。3.在forget,go on,like,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，请看下列句型：第七页，讲稿共二十三页哦1）我记得读过这本书.I remember reading the book.(指过去的动作）I must remember to read the book.(指将来的动作）2）我要设法提高我的英语口语。Ill try to improve my spoken English.敲门没
6、人答应，试着敲后门。Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.3)不要讲话。Stop talking.他停下来讲话。He stopped to talk.4)我没打算伤害你。I didnt mean to hurt you.错过这班车意味着再等一个小时。Missing the train means waiting for another hour.第八页，讲稿共二十三页哦动名名词和不定式和不定式结构构在意在意义上上区区别：动名词形式表示一般习惯，抽象概念，或已成过去的动作，不定式表示的往往是具体的或
7、特定的动作，也可表示现在或将来的动作。Playing with firePlaying with fire is dangerous.（泛指玩火）To play with fireTo play with fire will be dangerous.(指一次具体动作）Its no use crying over crying over spilt milk.（抽象动作）He realized that to go on like thisto go on like this was no use.（具体动作）He has forgotten seeing meseeing me before
8、.（已成过去的动作）I must remember to remindto remind John that the garden needs watering（将来的动作）第九页，讲稿共二十三页哦分分词：现在分在分词 和和 过去分去分词 1 1分分词的的时态和和语态。现在分在分词：1）有一般式和完成时，一般式即主句和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。2）完成时（having+过去分词）表示的动作在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。When he was a student,he was interested in books.Being a student,he was interested
9、 in books.After he had donehad done his homework,he went to bed.Having done his homework,he went to bed.第十页，讲稿共二十三页哦3)当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态，如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作，就用动词完成时的被动形式。The question which is being discussed is important.The question being discussed is important.As he had been criticized by the t
10、eacher,Li Ming gave up smoking.Having been criticized by the teacher,Li Ming gave up smoking.第十一页，讲稿共二十三页哦过去分去分词：过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式，没有完成式。第十二页，讲稿共二十三页哦2 2.分分词的用法：的用法：1.作定语：站在窗旁的那个男人是我们的老师。The man standing at the window is our teacher.被污染的空气河水对人体有害。Polluted air and water are harmful
11、to peoples health.请注意：如果现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动词有先后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而用定语从句。The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.第十三页，讲稿共二十三页哦2.作状语:1)While he was reading the book,he nodded from time to time.While reading the book,he nodded from time to time.2)Since I am a stud
12、ent,I must study hard.Being a student,I must study hard.As we were not satisfied with the result,we decided to do the experiment again.Not satisfied with the result,we decided to do the experiment again.3)If time permits,I will finish another lesson.Time permitting,I will finish another lesson.If he
13、 is allowed,he would eat all the food in the house.If allowed,he would eat all the food in the house.4)The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.（说说笑笑）He entered the room,followed by his girlfriend(后面跟着女朋友）第十四页，讲稿共二十三页哦3.作宾补:We saw the teacher making the experiment.（做实验）Ive never h
14、eard the song sung in English.(用英语唱）4.作表语：The news is inspiring（令人鼓舞）He is surprised.(他很吃惊)第十五页，讲稿共二十三页哦特点：1.分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致.2.表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引导。3.有时“with(without)+名词（或代词宾格）+分词的结构表示伴随状况的独立主格结构。eg.1)With his homework finished ahead of time,he began to play computer.2)He fell asle
15、ep with the lamp burning.第十六页，讲稿共二十三页哦4.分词短语作状语时，若句子主语不是它的逻辑主语（即两边主语不一致）通常在它前面加上它的主语，构成独立主格结构。All my money stolen,I had to walk without buying anything.Time permitting,（时间允许的话）I will finish another lesson主语宾语表语定语状语宾语补足语动名词分词不定式第十七页，讲稿共二十三页哦1.1.They would not allow him_A_ across the enemy line.A.to r
16、isk going B.risking to go C.for risk to go D.risk going ask,tell,invite,force,get,beg,allow,help,wish want,like,hate,prefer,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,instruct,permit,request,order,warn.cause,urge等等动词后可接不定式作宾补。第十八页，讲稿共二十三页哦2 2.Though he had often made his little sister_A_,today he was made_by
17、his little sister.A.cry,to cry B.crying,crying C.cry,cry D.to cry,cry使役动词 make,let只接不带to的不定式作宾补。Let me do it for you.第十九页，讲稿共二十三页哦1313.Who did the teacher have_C_an article for the wall newspaper just now?A.written B.writing C.write D.to write注意这一结构的活用。I saw the bike being repaired.I saw the bike re
18、paired.We often heard the song being sung.第二十页，讲稿共二十三页哦1414.In order to improve English,_.A.Jennys father bought her a lot of tapesB.Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herselfC.a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny.D.a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father不定式作状语，其逻辑主语 通常是句子的主语 第二十一页，讲稿共二十三页哦1818.I do
19、nt mind _C_by bus,but I hate _in queues.A.traveling;stand B.to travel;to stand C.traveling;to stand D.traveling;to standing19.19.-When did you go to Shanghai?-I remember _B_there when I was a child.A.having taken B.having been taken C.to be taken D.taken 2020.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_C_.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch第二十二页，讲稿共二十三页哦感谢大家观看第二十三页，讲稿共二十三页哦