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1、SerieS Of engliSh grammarnOn-Predicate VerbS非谓语不定式（不定式（to do)V-ingV-edas a nounas adj. or adv.现在分词现在分词动名词动名词过去分词过去分词非谓语动词非谓语动词 的分类的分类1.Smoking is bad for health.2. His hobby is swimming. 3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.5. He decided to try a
2、gain.找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）isisheardisdecided非谓语动词的句法作用非谓语非谓语动词动词主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语宾补宾补状语状语不定式不定式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词非非谓谓语语动动词词的的句句法法口口诀诀 不定式本领强，六种成分都能当。 动名词不示弱，主宾表定用的上。 两分词互不让，表定状补争亮相。主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语不定式 # # # # # #动名词 # # # #分词 # # # #1). To make a plan first is a good idea. = It is
3、 a good idea to make a plan first. 2). It takes three hours to walk there. It is possible for him to master the art of speaking.It was careless of him to break the coffee cup.= He was careless to break the coffee cup.2. 2. 动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。It is/was n
4、o use/goodnot any use/goodof little use/gooduseless+doing sth.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is of little good staying up too late every day. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, , 应保持形式应保持形式 上的一致。上的一致。 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 二、考查非谓语动词作宾语二、考查非谓语动词作宾语 不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。不定式和动名词都可作动
5、词或介词的宾语。 1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： want, wish, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。等。2. 2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, p
6、ractise, resist, risk, suggest, deny. 1) I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop 2) He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunit
7、y. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lostCB 3. 3.有些动词如有些动词如intend, start, continue后既可以跟后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别区别。 I intend to finish/ finishing the task this morning. 但但love, like, hate, prefer后接动名词表示经后接动名词表示经常性的行为；接不定式表示具体的行为。常性的行为；接不定式表示具体的行为。 1). I like _ very mu
8、ch, but I dont like _ this afternoon. A. swimming, swimming B. to swim, to swim C. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming C2). Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. takingAA4 4. 既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语, ,但不定但不定 式用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。式用被
9、动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。 句子的意思没有差别。句子的意思没有差别。但句子得主语一般是但句子得主语一般是 一表物的名词或代词。一表物的名词或代词。这类动词主要有：这类动词主要有： want、need、require等。等。1) Your watch needs repairing to be repaired.2) The windows need painting again to be painted again.5. 有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾作宾 语，但意义上有区别。如语，但意义上有区别。如forget, remembe
10、r, mean, regret, stop, try, go on, cant help等。等。remember/ forget/ regret +v-ing 表已经发生的动作，表已经发生的动作，remember/ forget/ regret + v-ing 表动作还没有发生表动作还没有发生。mean doing 意思是意思是；意味着；意味着mean to do 意欲，打算要做意欲，打算要做stop to do 停下来要做停下来要做stop doing 停止正在做的动作停止正在做的动作try doing 试着做试着做try to do sth. 试图做试图做cant help doing s
11、th. 情不自禁，不禁情不自禁，不禁 cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做不能帮忙做1). If you think treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again. A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting 2). When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _. A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive
12、; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave DC6. 1). I have no choice but to accept the fact. 2). Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers? A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking 3). Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. his being not able B. him not
13、to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able 介词后可接动名词或不定式作宾语。介词后可接动名词或不定式作宾语。DCPractice 1)As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _. A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using 2)After he became conscious,
14、 he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod. A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit BD下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则非谓语动词的七大经典原则2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤非谓语动词解题四大步骤非谓语动词题的做题技巧非谓语动词题的做题技巧一一.非谓语动词的非谓语动词的 七大经典原则七大经典原则原则一：原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式用
15、作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1.When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained【解析解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和和 B。另外，由于另外，由于“他他”与与“训练训练”为被动关系，为被动关系， 故选故选 D。 2. _ this cake， y
16、oull need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making 3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved【解析解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当 时持续了一会时持续了一会 儿，故用儿，故用
17、-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。 原则二原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.-ing.4. He sat _ to her _ the stairs. A. to listen; to climb B. listening; to climb C. listening; climb D. listening; to climbing 【解析解析】listen是伴随是伴随sat而同时由主语而同时由主语he发出的，发出的，所以用所以用-ing作伴随状语；作伴随状
18、语；listen to 后跟不带后跟不带to的的不定式不定式/-ing作宾补作宾补。 listen to do/doing 用括号里的词的适当形式填空用括号里的词的适当形式填空1. Write to the editor , _that the editor would be able to help her（ hope ）2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock( rest )3.The secretary worked late into night , _ a long speech. ( pr
19、epare )4. _ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )preparingto resthopingTo keepinging形式作伴随状语与形式作伴随状语与 to doto do作目的状语的区别：作目的状语的区别：作伴随状语的作伴随状语的inging形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号前面常常带一逗号; ;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要在而作目的状语的不定式的动作要在谓语动词的动作之后发生前面不能用逗号。谓语动词的动作之后发生前面不能用逗号。原则三：原则三：用作结果状语时，可用用作结果状语时，可用-ing-i
20、ng或不定式，其原则或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用区别是，一般用-ing-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外结果在意料之外。5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day. A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 【解析解析 此处用此处
21、用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。表示自然而然的结果。 如：如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4.A.have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 8. He hurri
22、ed to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 7.He hurried to the station, only _ that the train had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found【解析解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。在此表示出人意料的结果。原则四原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。凡是含有
23、被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing-ing的被动式的被动式. .9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard【解析解析】根据句意，此处指的是根据句意，此处指的是“被听见被听见”，故要用被动式，因此，故要用被动式，
24、因此可排除可排除 B B 和和C C。另外，由于。另外，由于“设法被听见设法被听见”为目的状语，动作当为目的状语，动作当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选 A A。 10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close【解析解析】of 后应接后应接-ing，d
25、esks 与与open and close 之间存之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因在逻辑上的被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选，所以选-ing的被动式表正在被进行的动作。的被动式表正在被进行的动作。of11. When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_upon her. A. seating; fixing B. to seat; fixingC.having seated; fixed D. seated; fixed a
26、 stranger his eyessittingseat vt.I seated myself.=I was seated.=I sat downfix ones eyes uponv1. seat和sit作为动词，都可以表示“坐”的意思。 (1) seat是及物动词，比较正式，常以被动形式表示主动意义。如： He is seated between Jack and Tom. 她坐在杰克和汤姆之间。 Please be seated. (=Please seat yourself.) (2) sit通常作不及物动词用，比较口语化。如： The students are sitting at
27、 their desks. 学生们正坐在课桌旁。 Sit down, please. v2. seat还可作名词用(而sit只能作动词用)，常见短语take a seat (相当于have a seat或take ones seat) ，意为“坐下，就座”。如： v Take your seat, please. 请就坐。 原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致上应与主句主语保持一致. .12. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_. A. John has taken an extra job B.
28、 the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John(be) faced withFaced with13. While watching television，_. A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings【解析解析】因为因为 watching 的逻辑主语一定是人，排
29、除选的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项项 A 和和 B ；又因在又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定的不定式式， 所以选项所以选项 D 中的中的 rings 是错误的。是错误的。watching原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完可用不定式的完成式或成式或inging的完成式）的完成式） 14._ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals
30、 not found in any other countries in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. to be separated【解析解析】因为因为 Australia 与与 separate 是被动关系，且是被动关系，且 separate发生在谓语动词发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing的完成的完成被动式作原因状语。被动式作原因状语。has15. The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree
31、with us， left the meeting room. A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making【解析解析】因为因为 The manager 与与 make 是主动关系，且是主动关系，且 make 发生在谓语发生在谓语 left 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing的完成式作状的完成式作状语，语，having made . 相当于相当于 who had made. 的意思。的意思。left16.Li Ming is said _ abroad. Do you know what country Yes, In London. A. t
32、o have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studyinghe studied in ?he will study in?he studies in?CABissb is said to do 据说据说原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是： 用不定式，表示动作尚未发生用不定式，表示动作尚未发生; ; 用用-ing-ing，表示动作正在进行，表示动作正在进行; ; 用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。17.There will be more than t
33、hree hundred scientists attending the meeting _ the day after tomorrow. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 18. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait the meeting the day after tomorrowvisitors1
34、9. “Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost 20. The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving ThingsThe last onelose vt. lose sb/sth注：受注：受 the first， the second . the last 修饰修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。的名词
35、或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。 You are the second to make that mistake. 你是第二个犯这错误的人。你是第二个犯这错误的人。原则一：用作目的状语，原则一：用作目的状语，原则二：用作伴随状语，原则二：用作伴随状语，原则三：用作结果状语，原则三：用作结果状语，原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作 之前时，之前时，原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式原则一：用作目
36、的状语，原则上用不定式. .原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用-ing.-ing.原则三：用作结果状语，可用原则三：用作结果状语，可用-ing/ to do ,-ing/ to do ,原则区别是：原则区别是：-ing -ing 表示一定逻辑的结果，表示一定逻辑的结果，to do to do 表示非逻辑的结果。表示非逻辑的结果。原则四原则四: :凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。 如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式； 如果动作正在进行，则用如果动作正在进行，则用-ing-ing的被动
37、形式。的被动形式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上要用完成式（要用完成式（-ing -ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式）的完成式或不定式的完成式）原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作尚未发生；尚未发生；-ing-ing表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。成，被动。二二. 非谓语动词解题非谓语动词解题四
38、大步骤四大步骤（一）分析句子结构（一）分析句子结构, ,辨别辨别“谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语”1._many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _ many times , he still couldnt understand it .A.Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D. Though he was toldC C_A A注意连词注意连词3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming.4. _ a rainy day ; we
39、decided not to go there.A.is B. to be C. beingD.It being E. It was F. beenCE注意标点符注意标点符号号没有连词连接独立主格结构，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；一般有逗号与主句分开；名词或代词与其后的分词，形容词，不定式或介词是逻辑上的主谓关系。如：It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息了。There being nothing to do, we went home.没别的事可做我们就回家了。二二. . 分析
40、逻辑主语分析逻辑主语确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词。非谓语动词作状语作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语主语一致一致。若不一致，则须。若不一致，则须加上加上自己的自己的逻辑主语逻辑主语。怎么加怎么加? ?非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做
41、逻辑逻辑主语主语，特别是当非谓语动词作状语时，其，特别是当非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是主句的主语，若不然，则逻辑主语通常是主句的主语，若不然，则得加上自己的逻辑主语，这时就构成得加上自己的逻辑主语，这时就构成独立独立主格主格。 （二）找逻辑主语（二）找逻辑主语1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were f
42、rom South Africa. 一般来说，一般来说，非谓语动词非谓语动词作状语作状语, ,逻逻辑主语是辑主语是句子的主语；句子的主语；非谓语动词非谓语动词作宾补作宾补, ,逻辑主语是逻辑主语是宾语；宾语；非谓语动词非谓语动词作定语作定语, ,逻辑主语是逻辑主语是被修饰词被修饰词。分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动主动还还是是被动被动关系。关系。 1._from space , the earth looks blue .2._from space , we can see the
43、earth is blue .A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. SeeAB解析：句解析：句1. 1. “地球地球”被被“看起来看起来”，表，表被动被动，故选，故选A A， 用过去分词表被动。用过去分词表被动。 句句2. 2. 我们我们 主动看主动看.即表即表主动主动，故选，故选B B。（三）分析语态三）分析语态 A.to take B. taking C. to be taken D. takenD BEverythingthey1._ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.
44、2.Everything _into consideration, they ought to have another chance.（四）（四）分析时态分析时态1. The building _ now will be a restaurant .2. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _ last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built _C _B_D二二. . 找逻辑主语找逻辑主语
45、三、分析语态三、分析语态四、分析时态四、分析时态一一. . 辨别辨别“谓与非谓谓与非谓”三三. . 非谓语动词解题步骤非谓语动词解题步骤方法总结：方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态Practice 1. A railway station is no place for a child _ alone at night.A. leave B. leaving C. to be leaving D. to be left2. We were warned _ the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset
46、（消化不良，肠胃不适）（消化不良，肠胃不适）.A. not to eat B. not eating C. to eat not D. eating not3. _ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories.A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. To have kept4._ these children _ what you want is a science I can tell you! A. Getting; done B. Get; done C. To get;
47、to do D. Getting; to do5. When youre learning to drive，_ a good teacher makes a big difference. A. have B. having C. and have D. and having6. A few days after the interview， I received a letter _ me the job. A. offered B. offering C. to be offering D. having offered7. The plane crashed，_ all 200 peo
48、ple aboard 在飞机上在飞机上. A. killed B. having killed C. killing D. had killed8. He was always the first _ and the last _ the office. A. to come， to leave B. coming， leaving C. to come， left D. coming， left9. Robert is said _ one of my classmates the other day， but I dont know who she is. A. to marry B. to have married C. to be marrying D. being married10.With everything she needed_, she left the shop. A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. to be bought with sth done 是是伴随着某事被完成了伴随着某事被完成了, 的意思的意思, 这里这里sth是被动是被动 she needed 是是定语定语,修饰修饰everything