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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词不定式不定式 (to do）否定否定(not to do)V-ing （doing）否定否定(not doing)过去分词过去分词（done）否定否定(not done)在句子中充当在句子中充当除谓语动词以外除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分的的各种句子成分的动词形式动词形式叫做非谓语动词。叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：非谓语动词有三种：I want to read a book written by the woman living there.谓语谓语 非谓语动词非谓语动词 主主语语 宾宾语语 定定 语语 表表 语语 补补 语语 状状 语语To do动动名名词词不定式在句
2、子中可以充当哪些成分？不定式在句子中可以充当哪些成分？1、作、作主语主语To run is a good habit.(=It is a good habit to run.)2、作、作表语表语Our plan is to build a bridge over the river.3、作、作宾语宾语 I want to buy a dictionary.4、作、作定语定语He has a chance to go abroad.5、作、作状语状语 To finish the work,he had to get up early.6、作、作补语补语I ask us to help him.1
3、、主语主语Nodding means agreement.2、宾语宾语Would you mind closing the windows?3、表语表语His job is selling newspapers.4、定语定语This is a swimming pool.动名词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？动名词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？1、表语表语He is selling newspapers.2、定语定语The dancing man is my uncle.现在分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？现在分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？3 补语补语He kept me waiting so l
4、ong.4 状语状语Walking in the street,I met my teacher.过去分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？过去分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？1、定语定语 This is one of the schools built in the 1980s.2、表语表语The shop is closed.3、补语补语She found her glass stolen.4、状语状语Seen from the space,the earth looks blue.非非谓语动词的形式的形式主动态主动态被动态被动态一般式一般式to do to be done进行式进行式to be
5、 doing完成式完成式to have done to have been done完成进行式完成进行式to have been doing过去分词过去分词done现在分词现在分词/动名词动名词主动态主动态 被动态被动态一般式一般式doing being done 完成式完成式having donehaving been done动动词不定式词不定式动词不定式的形式不定式的形式Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.（一般式的主一般式的主动态）Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被一般式的被动态)Hepreten
6、dedtobelisteningattentively.(进行式行式)Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主完成式主动态)Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedlongago.(完成式的被完成式的被动态)Werehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成完成进行式行式)现在分在分词的形式的形式Hesatinachair,readinganovel.(一般式主一般式主动态)Beingcriticizedbytheboss,helistenedattentively.(一般式被一般式被动态)Havingfinis
7、hedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主完成式主动态)Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被完成式被动态)过去分去分词的形式的形式Seenfromthespace,theearthisfilledwithwater.Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.Anoldmanentered,supportedbyagirl.Hehurriedtogethome,onlytofindhishousebrokeninto.Allthebrokenwindowshavebeenrepaired.T
8、hebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.Sheiswelldressed.非非谓语动词的的比比较加不定式加不定式作宾语的动词作宾语的动词：agree,attempt,expect,decide,seem,intend,try,refuse,manage,fail,mean,pretend,promise,offer,learn,plan,help,hope,prepare,choose,wishwant,determine,wouldlike等。等。Hemanagedtopasstheexam.Hepromisedtobehereatnine.Ididntex
9、pecttoseeyouhere.只接动词只接动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词有：形式作宾语的及物动词有：admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免put off 推迟 keep 保持 consider 考虑delay 耽搁 dislike 不喜欢；厌恶 resist抵制mention 提及 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免excuse 原谅 practice 练习 mind介意feel like 意欲 finish 完成 imagine 想像 risk 冒险 forgive 原谅 miss 错过 give up 放弃 suggest 建议 cannot help 情不
10、自禁 allow允允许permit允允许lookforwardto盼望盼望beusedto习惯于于succeedin成功地做某事成功地做某事stickto坚持持etc.Somepeopledonotenjoysmoking.Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.有些动词既可接动名词又可接动词不定式作宾语，但有差别有些动词既可接动名词又可接动词不定式作宾语，但有差别1）forgettodo忘记要去做某事（此事未做）忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forgetdoing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）2）stoptodo停止正在做的事
11、，去做另一件事停止正在做的事，去做另一件事 stopdoing停止正在做的事停止正在做的事3）remembertodo记得要去做某事（未做）记得要去做某事（未做）rememberdoing记得做过某事记得做过某事(已做已做)4)regrettodo 遗憾要去做某事遗憾要去做某事 regretdoing后悔做过某事后悔做过某事5）trytodo尽力做某事尽力做某事 trydoing试着做某事试着做某事6)meantodo打算做某事打算做某事 meandoing意味着做某事意味着做某事7）goontodo继续做（另外一件事）继续做（另外一件事）goondoing继续做（原先没有做完的事情）继续做（
12、原先没有做完的事情）不定式不定式,现在分在分词,过去分去分词做定做定语的区的区别不定式表示即将不定式表示即将发生。生。Thebuildingtobecompletednextmonthisourlibrary.动名名词表示功能。表示功能。Theoldmanboughtawalkingstick.现在分在分词表示主表示主动或正在或正在进行。行。Chinaisadevelopingcountry.过去分去分词表示被表示被动或完成或完成.Thebrokencupismyaunts.不定式不定式,现在分在分词,过去分去分词做状做状语的区的区别不定式作状语一般表目的或结果不定式作状语一般表目的或结果:T
13、heystudiedhardtogethighmarks(目的目的)He hurried to the station,only He hurried to the station,only toto find the find the train has lefttrain has left(结果结果)现在现在分词作状语一般表伴随或结果分词作状语一般表伴随或结果Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan(伴随伴随)European football is played in 80 countries,making it the most famous
14、sports in the world.过去分词作状语一般表被动或完成过去分词作状语一般表被动或完成The pop singer,The pop singer,followedfollowed by two body guards,came to by two body guards,came to meet his fans.meet his fans.不定式不定式,现在分在分词,过去分去分词做做宾补宾补的区的区别使役使役动词及感官及感官动词let,make,have,leave,feel,hear,see,watch,observe,notice等等 动词不定式表不定式表动作的全作的全过程
15、程,宾语与与动词不定式不定式是主动关系是主动关系Heheardsomeonesingasonginthenextroom.现在分在分词说明明宾语的的动作正在作正在进行，行，宾语与与现在分在分词是主是主动关系关系Heheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.过去分去分词说明明宾语与与过去分去分词是是被被动关系关系Heheardthesongsunginthenextroom.动名词和不定式在意义上的区别：动名词和不定式在意义上的区别：动名词动名词表示一般性、习惯性、抽象性的动作；表示一般性、习惯性、抽象性的动作；不定式不定式表示具体的或一次性的动作，也可表示将表示具体的或
16、一次性的动作，也可表示将来的动作。来的动作。I like swimming but I dont like to swim in the pool today动名词和现在分词作定语时的区别动名词和现在分词作定语时的区别动名词作定语时，和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓动名词作定语时，和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时，和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的关系，而分词作定语时，和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。主谓关系。readingtext阅读课文阅读课文（动名词）（动名词）developingcountries发展中国家发展中国家（现在分词）（现在分词）asleepingbag睡袋睡袋（动名
17、词）（动名词）所以判断是现在分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被所以判断是现在分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断，有主谓关系的是现在分词，无主谓关系的是动名词。是现在分词，无主谓关系的是动名词。aswimminggirl(现在分词现在分词)aswimmingpool(动名词动名词)注意问题：注意问题：1 1 疑问词疑问词who，what，which，when，where和和how后加不后加不定式构成一种特殊的不定式短语定式构成一种特殊的不定式短语:Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.(主语主语)Ido
18、ntknowwhattodo我不知道该怎么办。我不知道该怎么办。(宾语宾语)Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver (表语表语)2非谓语动词中的句型非谓语动词中的句型1)Itis+nouse/nogood/awasteoftime+doingsth.Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。哭没有用。2)Thereisnoneedtodosth.做某事没有必要做某事没有必要 Thereisnoneedtocopythereadingmaterial.3)在在want,need,require等动词后等动词后,常用动名词的主动常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思，必须
19、物作主语。例如：形式表示被动的意思，必须物作主语。例如：My hair needs cutting.(=My hair needs to be cut.)3.不定式可作独立成分。to tell the truth/to be honest/to be frank4.动名词的复合结构I dont mind Toms/Tom/his/him opening the windowToms/His coming late made his teacher angry.Exercise1).It remains _ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in th
20、e finals.A.seen B.to be seen C.seeing D.to see2.)Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.2007 山东卷 Ato seat Bto be seated Cseating Dseated 3）The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!2007 全国卷I A.arrived B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving 4)The bridge _next year will not be very long.A.bei
21、ng built B.building C.built D.to be built5)So far,she hasnt got a chair _.A to sit B sitting C.to sit in D.for sitting6)Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice!2007 安徽卷 A.to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking7)All the staff in our company are considering to t
22、he city centre for the fashion show.2007 上海春A to go B going C to have gone D having gone8)The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.2007 浙江卷 A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard 9)I object to _ like a child.A be treated B.treat C.being treated D.treating
23、10)He had no choice but _ A.obey B.obeying C.obeyed D.to obey.11.As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not _,and asked myself what I was going to do.2007 湖南卷 A.moved B moving C.to move D.being moved 12.the safety of gas,the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly.2007
24、上海春ATo ensure BEnsuringCHaving ensured.DTo have ensured13.When asked why he went there,he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.2007 江西卷A.training B.being trained C.to have trained D.to be trained14._ by a greater demand of vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.2007 浙江卷A.Driven B.Bei
25、ng driven C.To drive D.Having driven 15.The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _ for the day.2007 重庆卷A.finishing B.finished C.had finished D.were finishedB.16._ many times,but he still couldnt understand it.C.Though he had been told B Having been toldD.C Having told D.He had be
26、en told17.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day.2007 四川卷A.watered B.watering C.water D.to waterB.18.He hurried to the shop,only _ it is closed.C.finding B.to find C.found D.having foundD.19.He left home without a word,thus _ his parents worried.E.A.making B.to make C.made D.hav
27、ing made20.I smell something _ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?2007 全国卷IA.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt21.After a knock at the door,the child heard his mothers voice _ him.2007 上海卷 A.calling B.calledC.being called D.to call22.John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _,he gladly accepted it.2007 安徽卷A.finished B.finishing B.C.having finished D.was finished23.Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period.2007 福建卷A improved B improving C to improve D improve