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1、第 1 页 共 13 页 高考非谓语动词单项选择题考点解读 动词不定式 考点一：不定式的时态和语态 大多数情况下不定式以一般式形式出现,但在高考试题中往往会出现时态、语态的形式,如进行式、完成式、被动式等。1.-Is Bob still performing?-Im afraid not.He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official（2005 江苏卷）A.to have left B.to leave C.to have been left D.to be left 解析：be said to have done 的意思为
2、“据说已经做了某事”。动词不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。类似知识点在 2006 年山东卷和 2007 辽宁卷中再次考到：Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to_ since the flood hit the area last Friday.(2006 年山东卷)A.have been missing B.have got lost C.be missing D.get lost 解析：显然“失踪”是在“报道”之前发生的，要用完成式。missing 强调状态，get lost 短暂性动作不可跟表示一段时间的状语 s
3、ince the flood hit the area last Friday 连用。The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang,who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.（2007 辽宁卷）A.breaking B.having broken C.to have broken D.break 2.The news reporters hurried to the airport,only _ the film stars had left.（200
4、4 福建卷）A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told 解析：动词不定式与 only 连用表示未曾预料的结果，to be told 的意思为“被告之”，用不定式的被动语态.。相同知识点在 2005 广东卷和 2006 年的全国 II 卷中又考到：He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left.（2005 广东卷）A.to have found B.finding C.found D.to find He hurried to the booking office only_that all t
5、he tickets had been sold out.(2006年的全国 II 卷)A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told 3.As the twentieth century came to a close,the raw matenals for a great nstional literature were at hand,waiting_.(2006 湖南卷)A.to use B.to be used C.to have used D.to be using 解析：主语为 the raw materials（原材料），与动词 use 存在被
6、动关系，故选 B。类似的知识点是考试的重之重。请看下列各题：It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness_.(2006 江西卷)Ato make Bto be made Cmaking Dbeing made 解析：It takes some time for sth/sb to do sth.It 为形式主语代替后面的不定式。词组 make a connection between A and B：由 A 联想到 B。本句中 the connection 是不定式的逻辑主语，且存在逻辑上
7、的被动关系。故选 B。The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games_in Beijing in 2008.(2006 四川卷)第 2 页 共 13 页 A.hold B.holding C.held D.to be held 解析：非谓语动词作后置定语的三种情况：the meeting to be held 即将召开的会议，the meeting held 已经召开的会议，the meeting being held 正在召开的会议。很显然 the 29th Olympic Games 还没有召开，故选 D。It remains _ wheth
8、er Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals.（2006 浙江卷）A.seen B.to be seen C.seeing D.to see 解析：这是一个主语从句，it 做形式主语 whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals 作真正的主语。remain 后接 to do sth 作表语。see 与主语从句是被动关系，所以要用 to be seen 作 remains 的表语。When asked why he went there,he said he was sent there for a
9、 space flight.（2007 江西卷）A.training B.being trained C.to have trained D.to be trained 解析：本题考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式表目的，并且主语是动作的承受者。The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.（2007 浙江卷）A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard 解析：struggle 后通常接不定式构成 struggle to d
10、o,还要考虑被动式的问题。相当于：I had to try my best to make myself heard.考点二：不定式的功能 不定式是非谓语动词常见的一种形式，它具有名词的特征，在句子中可以作主语或宾语；具有形容词的特征，在句子中可以作表语、定语或补足语；具有副词的特征，在句子中可以作状语。（一）不定式的形容词性功能 1.The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!（2007 全国卷 I）A.arrived B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving 解析：本题考查动词不定式做定语的用法。在 the first/the last
11、后接不定式做定语表示“第一个/最后一个的人或者事。2.The teacher asked us _so much noise.（2003 北京卷）A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to make 解析：本题考查不定式的两个知识点。在动词 ask 后面用不定式作宾语补足语，其否定形式是 not to do。常见的这类动词还有 tell,warn,order，advise 等。3.An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _clear warnings bef
12、ore firing any shots.(03 年上海)A.to issue B.being issued C.to have issued D.to be issued 解析：本句中不定式作主语补足语。order 后应接不定式，即 order sb to do sth,因此 B 被排除。又因为 issue clear warnings 的主语是 all the soldiers,，也就是说 all the soldiers是 issue 的施动者，所以 issue 要用主动形式，D 也被排除。而且句子也没有强调动作对现在造成的影响，不必用完成时态。（二）不定式的副词性功能 1.It was
13、 unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars.（2005 上海卷）A.had B.having C.to have D.have 解析：动词不定式充当目的状语。第 3 页 共 13 页 2.Can the project be finished as planned?Sure,it completed in time,well work two more hours a day.(2005 福建卷)Ahaving got Bto get C
14、getting Dget 解析：动词不定式在这里既能表示动作是在将来完成，又能表示目的。3._ more about university courses,call(920)746-3789.（2005 浙江卷）ATo find out BFinding out CFind out DHaving found out 解析：不定式to find out表目的，后跟祈使句。如“To relax yourself，come to our party”4.this cake,youll need 2 eggs,175 g sugar and 175 g flour.(2006 广东卷)A.Havin
15、g made B.Make C.To make D.Making 解析：动词不定式作目的状语。（三）不定式的名词性功能 1.I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody,but the managers plan is unfair.（2005 天津卷）A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded 解析：动词不定式作宾语，sound 是连系动词不用被动式，与谓语动词更没有时间的先后，这里不能用它的完成式。2.There is nothing more I can try _ you
16、to stay,so I wish you good luck.（2007 上海卷）A.being persuaded B.persuading C.to be persuaded D.to persuade 解析：动词不定式作宾语，try to do sth 表示“尽力做某事”。句意：“想劝你留下来我再没什么可说的了，祝你好运。”考点三：不定式的省略 不定式的省略我们可以看分作两种，一种是不定式符号“to”后省略实义动词的形式；另一种则是对不定式符号“to”的省略。The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother
17、told him_(NMET2005 重庆卷)A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not 解析：tell sb.to do sth.的意思是“让某人做某事”。在英语中，为了避免重复，常用省略形式，在这个句子中省略了 do it。选项 B 如果加上 it，也可以选 B。考点四：不定式的否定形式 The teacher asked us _so much noise.（2003 北京卷）A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to make 解析：本题考查不定式的两个知识点。在动词 ask 后面用不定式作宾语补足语
18、，其否定形式是 not to do。常见的这类动词还有 tell,warn,order，advise 等。（此题在上文中已经提到过，为了强调该题的考点因而才重复提及。）考点五：不定式的特殊结构 1.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _whether he was going in the right direction.(03 年安徽春季)A seeing B.having seen C.to have seen D.to see 解析：原句应为-and looked as if he was seeing whethe
19、r he was-,改为简单句就变成-looked as if to see 第 4 页 共 13 页 2.Its a long time since I saw my sister._ her this weekend?（2007 全国卷 I）A.Why not visit B.why not to visit C.Why not visiting D.Why dont visit 解析：本题考查 why（not）+do/why dont you+do 表达提议或者建议的用法。根据语境，只能选 A 项。3.Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?Just a minu
20、te.Ill have Bob _you to your room.（2007 北京卷）A.show B.shows C.to show D.showing 解析：have sb.do sth.让某人做某事，故选 A。类似结构在 2007 江苏卷中再次考到：My parents have always made me _ about myself,even when I was twelve.（2007 江苏卷）A.feeling well B.feeling good C.feel well D.feel good 解析：题意为“我父母一直以来都使我对自己感到不错，即使当我在 12 岁的时候
21、”，根据句子意思和 feel（为连系动词）good 表示“感到不错，感到满意，感到自信”的意思，不难选到 D。考点六：独立主格结构 I send you 100 dollars today,the rest_ in a year.（2005 湖南卷）A.follows B.followed C.to follow D.being followed 解析：今天我先给你寄 100 美元。其余的钱一年内陆续寄过去。本题测试非谓语动词的用法。the rest 和 to follow 构成独立主格结构。不定式表主动和将来。V-ing 分词 考点一：v-ing 分词名词性功能 v-ing 分词名词性功能有
22、：在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。1._the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.(2003 上海卷)A.The president will attend B.The president to attend C.The president attended D.The presidents attending 解析：此题为动名词的复合结构在句中作主语,句中 the presidents 为名词所有格充当动名词 attending 的逻辑主语。2.Its necessary to be prepared for a j
23、ob interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.（2005 北京卷）A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having 解析：动名词“Having the answers ready”作主语。动词不定式也可以做主语，但显然这儿不可用完成形式，所以选 A 是错误的。3.Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions.Its no use _ with him.(2006 上海卷)A.to argue B.arguing C.argued D.hav
24、ing argued 解析：本题考察非谓语动词中动名词的应用。学生应该记住一些固定语法，如本句中，Its no use+V-ing（做什么事情毫无用处），故选 B。第 5 页 共 13 页 4.When asked by the police,he said that he remembered _ at the party,but not _.（2005 北京卷）A.to arrive;leaving B.to arrive;to leave C.arriving;leaving D.arriving;to leave 解析：remember 接 to do 与 doing 做宾语的区别：r
25、emember doing 回忆起过去做过的事；remember to do 记住要做的事。类似的知识点在 2006 江西卷中再次考到，但是难度加大：After he became conscious，he remembered_and_on the head with a rod(2006江西卷)Ato attack;hit Bto be attacked；to be hit C.attacking；be hit Dhaving been attacked；hit 解析：remember 后面跟不定式作宾语表示记住要去做，而跟动名词作宾语表示记得已经做过了，跟动名词的一般式或完成式，意义一致
26、。动名词与其逻辑主语存在着逻辑上的被动关系,故选 D，答案中的 hit 等于 having been hit。5.If you think that treating a woman well means always_her permission for things,think again.(2006 湖南卷)A.gets B.got C.to get D.getting 解析：mean doing sth 意为“意味着做某事”，表示如果你认为对一个妇女好就意味着得到她给你东西的允许。mean to do sth 意为“打算做某事”。6.I cant stand _ with Jane i
27、n the same office.She just refuses_ talking while she works.(2006 北京卷)A.working;stopping B.to work;stopping C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop stand 在这里表示“忍受”，后面要求用动名词作宾语，而 refuse 要用不定式作宾语。7.It is difficult to imagine his_the decision without any consideration.(2006 陕西卷)A.accept B.accepting C.to ac
28、cept D.accepted imagine 要求用动名词作宾语。该考点在 2006 江苏卷中再次考到：-There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.（2006 江苏卷）-My goodness!I cant imagine _ that old.A.to be B.to have been C.being D.having been imagine 要求用动名词作宾语。imagine 与动名词没有时间的先后。8.Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh,yes.How often I have
29、regretted _ his advice!（2007 安徽卷）A.to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking 解析：regret doing/having done 对做过的事情很后悔，regret not doing/not having done 表示对以前未做什么事情而后悔。用动名词作宾语。9.Can I smoke here?Sorry.We dont allow _ here.（2007 江苏卷）A.people smoking B.people smoke C.to smoke D.smoking 解析：题意为“我可以在这里吸烟吗？抱
30、歉，这里不允许吸烟”，根据 allow 的基本用法 allow sb to do 和 allow doing 的结构，选 D。用动名词作宾语。10.Isnt it time you got down to_ the papers?（2006 重庆卷）第 6 页 共 13 页 A.mark B.be marked C.being marked D.marking 解析：got down to中的to是介词因而要用动名词作宾语，而动名词marking与其逻辑主语you是主动关系。11.You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the sno
31、wstorm.（2007 辽宁卷）A.walked B.walk C.to walk D.walking 解析：have difficulty in doing sth 结构的一种变化形式。用动名词作介词的宾语。考点二：v-ing 分词形容词性功能 v-ing 分词形容性功能有：在句中充当定语、表语、补足语等。1.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes.(2004 全国卷 III)A.to for
32、m B.form C.forming D.having formed 解析：根据本题提供的语境，“看书时有画面在大脑中形成。”而 there are 句子中 are 是谓语动词，所以本题应填非谓语动词，可排除 B 项。又因为“看书的同时就会形成”，排除 A、D 项，故选 C，作定语。2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket_ the desert.(2006 湖南卷)A.covering B.covered C.cover D.to cover 解析：现在分词短语作定语=which covers。3.Peter received
33、a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon.（2007 四川卷）Asaid Bsays Csaying D to say 解析：此句表示信中说到，故用 v-ing 形式 saying 表示主动,作定语=which said。4.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.（2007全国卷 II）A.opened and closed B.to be opened and closed C.being
34、 opened and closed D.to open and close 解析：考虑到这句话体现的特定语境：桌子只有正在被一开一关声音才可能被外面的人听到，所以现在分词的被动式做定语。5.I smell something _ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?（2007 全国卷I）A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt 解析：本题考查现在分词做宾语补足语用法。根据语境，可以知道，当时闻到了什么东西正在燃烧，所以请求过一会再给对方打过去电话。sth.与 burn 是逻辑上的主谓关
35、系，故用 smell sth burning。6.After a knock at the door,the child heard his mothers voice _ him.（2007 上海卷）A.calling B.called C.being called D.to call 解析：V-ing 常接在感官动词如 hear,see,catch,find,smell,feel 和某些表“致使”意义的动词 keep,have,leave 等后作宾语补足语。由题干中的 hear 可知，空格内应填 calling。his mothers voice 相当于 his mother。考点三：v-
36、ing 分词副词性功能 v-ing 分词副词性功能体现在用来作状语。解题时考虑要用 v-ing 分词的什么形式。1._in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.(2004 北京卷)第 7 页 共 13 页 A.To wait B.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waited 解析：本题考查现在分词完成式的用法。根据语法规则，当一个句子中前后两个部分被“，”隔开，而前一部分又不是一个完整的句子，则非完整的部分往往需要用非
37、谓语动词，即用分词来连接句子，故排除 A、B、D 项。从题意可看出，“wait”这个动作发生在主句谓语动作 realize 之前，故用分词的完成式，即 C 项。2.The old man,_abroad for twenty years,is on the way back to his motherland.(2004 江苏卷)A.to work B.working C.have worked D.having worked 解析：从句意来分析，那个老人在国外工作 20 年后，现在正在返回祖国的路上。很明显，分词短语与主句之间为前后关系。而不定式作状语表目的、结果或条件，此处显然不合适，可先
38、排除 A 和 C 项。分词的一般式作状语表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作或伴随状态，故排除 B 项，只有 D 项符合题意。3._the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.(2004 广东卷)A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed 解析：此题考查分词的完成式的否定形式的用法，依据题意，“未完成”和“逗留”两者有明显的时间先后，且分词的否定形式应在分词前加 not，故选 C。4._,the more expe
39、nsive the camera,the better its quality.（2005 全国 II 卷）A.General speaking B.Speaking general C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally 解析：现在分词短语作为习语（一般说来）不需要遵守分词的附着规则：分词短语作状语其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则就是“垂悬分词”。该知识点在同一份试卷中又从另一侧面进行了考查：While watching television,_.（2005 全国 II 卷）A.the doorbell rang B.the doorbell rin
40、gs C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings watching television 的逻辑主语是 we，hear+sb/sth+do 听到做了 该知识点在 2006 年全国 II 卷中再次考到：Faced with a bill for10,000,_.(2006 年全国 II 卷)A.John has taken an extra job B.the boss has given john an extra job C.an extra job has been taken D.an extra job has
41、been given to John 本题间接考查非谓语动词。过去分词短语作状语其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则就是“垂悬分词”。显然本句中所说欠债的是 John 而不是老板。5.“You cant catch me!”Janet shouted,_ away.(2005 年全国 II 卷)A.run B.running C.to run D.ran We often provide our children with toys,footballs or basketballs,_ that all children like these things.(2006 全国 III 卷)A.thin
42、king B.think C.to think D.thought Dont sit there _ nothing.Come and help me with this table.（2006 湖北卷)A.do B.to do C.doing D.and doing Whenever he was asked why he was late for class,he would answer carelessly,always _ the same thing.（2006 江苏卷）A.saying B.said C.to say D.having said He is a student a
43、t Oxford University,_ for a degree in computer science.（2007 北京卷）A.studied B.studying C.to have studied D.to be 第 8 页 共 13 页 studying 解析：根据句意“他是牛津大学的一名学生，在攻读计算机学位。”故选 studying 表示伴随。to have studied 表示动作已完成；to be studying 表示动作将要进行。As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not _,and asked myself w
44、hat I was going to do.（2007 湖南卷）A.moved B moving C.to move D.being moved 解析：（not）moving 作 stood 的伴随状语，stood 跟 asked 才是并列的成分。解析：以上六题所考知识点相同：句子主语和分词存在逻辑上的主动关系，且现在分词所表示的动作与句子谓语所表示的动作同时发生，现在分词短语作伴随状语。6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_ a recorder US$57.65 a barrel on Apri
45、l 4.（2005 山东卷）A.have reached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaching 解析：reaching 短语在句中作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词所造成的结果。不定式也可作结果状语，但通常用于 so+形容词或副词+as to，such+名词+as to，tooto，enough to 和 only to 等结构。He hurried into the classroom,only to find nobody in it.类似知识点在 2005 广东卷和 2007 天津卷中再次考到：He glanced over at her,
46、_ that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.（2005 广东卷）A.having noted B.noted C.to note D.noting 解析：根据上下文这里只能是用 ing 的一般式作状语表示结果，noting 这一动作和句中谓语动词 glanced 的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，因此要用 ing 的一般式。完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,_ in th
47、e natural light during the day.（2007 天津卷）A.to let B.letting C.let D.having let 解析：题干为“玻璃门代替了木门，结果白天进来了自然光。”故选 letting。现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然的结果即谓语动词所造成的结果。7.from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.（2005 湖北卷）ABeing separat
48、ed B Having separated C Having been separated D To be separated 解析：由句意可知 Having been separated from other contnents，与主句主语有被动的含义，并且先于主句谓语的动作，因此用现在分词完成式的被动式作原因状语。8.that she didnt do a good job,I dont think I am abler than her.（2007 陕西卷）A.To have said B.Having said C.To say D.Saying 解析：句子的意思是：虽然我说过他干得不
49、怎么样,但我认为我自己也不比他能干。分词的完成式做状语,表示动作有先后。9.The manager,_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us,left the meeting room.（2005 江西卷）Awho has made Bhaving made Cmade Dmaking 解析：这里考查的是动词的先后顺序：made先于left发生，现在分词的完成式having made it clear相当于一个非限制性定语从句：who had made it clear.，表示时间或原因。第 9 页 共 13 页 10.When _ differ
50、ent cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.（2006 浙江卷）A.compared B.being compared C.comparing D.having compared 解析：句子主语 we 和 compare 之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，且与谓语 pay 同时发生。对比 2004 湖北卷中的一道题（见下文过去分词考点一中的第三题）。考点四：独立主格结构 1.The country has already sent up three