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1、 专题 06 阅读理解之词意推断与代词指代 一（2022青海海东一模）There are people living in almost every corner of our crowded planet.From the tops of mountains to deep underground,weve always been able to find habitable places to make a home.But with space at apremium(稀少),we ve started to look even deeper for somewhere to live.
2、Throughout history,people have been fascinated by the idea of living underwater.More recently,the effects of human activity on the land have led some to look to the oceans for natural resources.Oceanographers and architects have looked at designing vessels,labs and underwater habitats to enable peop
3、le to live and work in a underwater world.But,while dreams of an underwater city have remained a fantasy,how close are we to making our home on the seabed a reality?The pioneer of undersea living was Ian Koblick.He claimed technology already existed to create underwater colonies supporting up to a h
4、undred people.He even opened La Chalupa,once the largest and most advanced underwater habitat and research facility in the world.A more recent and ambitious design for an underwater city is Ocean Spiral.Designed by the Japanese Shimizu Corporation,its-a huge transparent globe attached to the seabed.
5、Its got a tower running through it to the surface,providing space for homes,offices and even an amusement park for five thousand residents.Of course,there are engineering challenges in constructing an oceanic metropolis.And living underwater would have major effects on the human body,especially as t
6、here is an increase in atmospheric pressure,which could lead to the bends.So,maybe its too soon to be packing our bags and setting up a new life three thousand metres under the sea!1Why are people looking forward to living underwater?ASpace on land is in short supply.BLiving underwater is very easy.
7、CThe world underwater is fantastic.DThey are tired of living on land.2Whats the authors attitude towards living underwater?AIndifferent.BCritical.CNegative.DObjective.3What can we infer from the passage?ALiving underwater does harm to the human body.BOcean Spiral can contain five thousand residents.
8、CPeople can look forward to the future of underwater life.DWe can pack our bags and set up a new life underwater.4Where is this text most likely from?AA journal of history.BA science website.CAn international newspaper.DA travel guidebook.二（2022吉林吉林模拟预测）According to Jim Coan,a psychologist from the
9、University of Virginia,holding hands with someone you trust can have a positive effect on your health.Why?Researchers have shown in their studies that the simple act of touch can reduce stress and even lower heart rate.In a study,Jim and his colleagues brought couples into the lab,and then put one o
10、f them in an fMRI machine to scan the activity in their brains.While scanning them,the participants looked at a screen,and on a series of tests,they either saw a green circle or a red“X”.A green circle meant that the test would end shortly and nothing else would happen.A red“X”meant that in a few se
11、conds,there was a chance that they would receive a mild electric shock on their leg.The shock wasnt painful,but it wasnt exactly comfortable either.During some of these tests,participants were in the fMRI scanner alone;during others,a researcher came in and held their hand;and on a final set of test
12、s,their romantic partner came in and held their hand.Jim and colleagues found that when participants thought they might be getting a shock,they had a lower stress response in their brains when holding their romantic partners hand than in the other two conditions.And the happier the couples said they
13、 were in their relationships,the more the romantic partners hand lessened(减弱)the brain s response to the shock.This study suggests that when we re stressed,holding a loved ones hand can reduce that stress.The research also suggests that touch has immediate and positive effects on babies.Skin-to-skin
14、 contact can reduce crying,stress,and improve sleep.These effects can be long-lasting:adults,held a lot when they were babies,are the most likely to be healthy and well-adjusted in fact,the more they were carried in babyhood,the better they adjust in adulthood.5How would a participant probably feel
15、when seeing a red“X”?ANervous.BExcited.CHopeful.DPainful.6Why did researchers do sets of tests in the study?ATo make sure the study results are correct.BTo compare brain activities in different cases.CTo test the relationships between couples.DTo check the functions of the fMRI scanner.7According to
16、 the last paragraph,what may the writer agree with?ABabies should be held and carried as much as possible.BBabies problems can be solved mainly by touching.CThe effects that touching has on babies dont last long.DAdults who were not held as babies cant adjust to society.8Which of the following might
17、 be the most suitable title for the text?ATouch Improves Brain Function BTouch Happens Everywhere CTouch Helps Form Good Habits DTouch Makes a Big Difference 答案 一（2022青海海东一模）【答案】1A 2D 3C 4B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们尝试让水下生活成为现实的计划，以及人们在水下安家之前需要克服的困难。1细节理解题。根据第一段“There are people living in almost every co
18、rner of our crowded planet.From the tops of mountains to deep underground,weve always been able to find habitable places to make a home.But with space at apremium(稀少),weve started to look even deeper for somewhere to live.(在我们这个拥挤的星球上，几乎每个角落都有人居住。从山顶到地下深处，我们总能找到适合安家的地方。但随着空间的稀少，我们开始更深入地寻找居住的地方。)”可知，
19、人们想去水下居住是因为地表空间不足。故选 A。2推理判断题。根据第三段“He claimed technology already existed to create underwater colonies supporting up to a hundred people.(他声称已经有技术可以在水下建立可以养活 100 人的居住地。)”、第四段“A more recent and ambitious design for an underwater city is Ocean Spiral.Designed by the Japanese Shimizu Corporation,its-a
20、 huge transparent globe attached to the seabed.(一个更近期、更有野心的水下城市设计是海洋螺旋。它是由日本清水公司设计的，是一个连接在海底的巨大透明球体。)”以及第五段“Of course,there are engineering challenges in constructing an oceanic metropolis.And living underwater would have major effects on the human body,especially as there is an increase in atmosphe
21、ric pressure,which could lead to the bends.(当然，建设海洋大都市也存在工程上的挑战。生活在水下会对人体产生重大影响，尤其是随着大气压力的增加，这可能会导致减压病。)”可推断，作者只是在客观地陈述这些事实。选项 A“Indifferent(漠不关心的)”；选项 B“Critical(批判的)”；选项 C“Negative(否定的)”；选项 D“Objective(客观的)”。故选 D。3推理判断题。根据文章第三段“He claimed technology already existed to create underwater colonies su
22、pporting up to a hundred people.(他声称已经有技术可以在水下建立可以养活 100 人的居住地。)”以及第四段“A more recent and ambitious design for an underwater city is Ocean Spiral.Designed by the Japanese Shimizu Corporation,its-a huge transparent globe attached to the seabed.(一个更近期、更有野心的水下城市设计是海洋螺旋。它是由日本清水公司设计的，是一个连接在海底的巨大透明球体。)”可推断
23、，人们已经有了一些在水下生活的尝试，只是还有些困难没有克服。所以在水下生活从长远来看是值得期待的，或许在将来有可能实现。故选 C。4推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述的是未来水下生活的可能性以及面临的挑战，这些都是和科学相关的。所以文章最有可能来自科学网站。故选 B。二（2022吉林吉林模拟预测）【答案】5A 6B 7A 8D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家的研究成果：来自信任的、亲近的人的触碰可以帮助其缓解压力，对身体健康有积极作用。5 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“A red X meant that in a few seconds,there was a chance
24、that they would receive a mild electric shock on their leg.The shock wasnt painful,but it wasnt exactly comfortable either.”（红“X”表示几秒钟后，他们的腿可能会受到轻微电击。电击并不痛，但也不是很舒服。）及第三段第二句“Jim and colleagues found that when participants thought they might be getting a shock,they had a lower stress response in their
25、 brains when holding their romantic partners hand than in the other two conditions.”（吉姆及其同事发现，当参与者认为他们可能会受到电击时，与其他两种情况相比，他们握着爱人的手时，大脑的压力反应更低。）可知，伴随红“X”而来的电击会让参与者产生紧张及压力感，只不过握着爱人的手时这种反应会降低。故选 A 项。6推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Jim and colleagues found that when participants thought they might be getting a shock,the
26、y had a lower stress response in their brains when holding their romantic partners hand than in the other two conditions.”（吉姆及其同事发现，当参与者认为他们可能会受到电击时，与其他两种情况相比，他们握着爱人的手时，大脑的压力反应更低。）可知，实验设计了不同情况，最后比较的是在不同情况下大脑的压力反应。由此可以推断出多轮实验的目的是为了比较在不同情况下被试者大脑活动的情况。故选 B 项。7推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“These effects can be long
27、-lasting:adults,held a lot when they were babies,are the most likely to be healthy and well-adjusted in fact,the more they were carried in babyhood,the better they adjust in adulthood.”（这些影响是长期的：婴儿时期被抱过的成年人可能会更加健康，调节能力会更好，而且，婴儿时期被抱得越多，成年时期的调节能力就越好。）可知，搂抱产生的影响持续的时间很长，婴儿时期被抱得越多，成年时期的调节能力就越好，所以作者会认可 A 项“应尽可能多抱抱婴儿”的观点。故选 A 项。8主旨大意题。本文第一段说明研究结论：来自信任的人的触碰及拉手对健康有积极的影响；第二、三段介绍了研究的过程和发现：牵着爱人的手可以减少紧张感；第四段为研究的其他发现：触碰对婴儿身心健康的长久影响。所以 D 项“触碰产生重大影响”最适合作为本文标题。故选 D 项。