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1、-The standard of living of any country means the average persons share of the goods and services which the country produces.A countrys standard of living,therefore,depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth.Wealth in this sense is not money,for we do not live on money but on things
2、 that money can buy:goods such as food and clothing,and services such as transport and entertainment.A countrys capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors,most of which have an effect on one another.Wealth depends to a great e*tent upon a countrys natural resources,such as coal,gold,and ot
3、her minerals,water supply and so on.Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals,and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate;other regions possess perhaps only one of these things,and some regions possess none of them.The U.S.A is one of the wealthiest regions of the world
4、because she has vast natural resources within her borders,her soil is fertile,and her climate is varied.The Sahara Desert,on the other hand,is one of the least wealthy.Ne*t to natural resources es the ability to turn them to use.China is perhaps as well off as the U.S.A.in natural resources,but suff
5、ered for many years from civil and e*ternal wars,and for this and other reasons was.unable to develop her resources.Sound and stable political conditions,and freedom from foreign invasion,enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily,and to produce more wealth than anothe
6、r country equally well served by nature but less well ordered.Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a countrys people.Old countries that have,through many centuries,trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose worker
7、s are largely unskilled.Wealth also produces wealth.As a country bees wealthier,its people have a large margin for saving,and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day.1.A countrys wealth depends upon_.,A.its standard of liv
8、ing B.its money C.its ability to provide goods and services D.its ability to provide transport and entertainment 2.The word foremost means_.A.most importantly B.firstly C.largely D.for the most part 3.The main idea of the second paragraph is that_.A.a countrys wealth depends on many factors B.the U.
9、S.A.is one of the wealthiest countries in the world C.the Sahara Desert is a very poor region D.natural resources are an important factor in the wealth or poverty of a country 4.The third paragraph mentions some of the advantages which one country may have over another in making use of its resources
10、.How many such advantages are mentioned in this paragraph?A.2 B.3 考试大论坛-C.4 D.5 5.The second sentence.in Paragraph 3 is_.A.the main idea of the paragraph B.an e*ample supporting the main idea of the paragraph C.the conclusion of the paragraph D.not related to the paragraph 1.C 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B Sugar
11、is so much a part of our modern life that we only really think about it when,for some _1_,we cannot obtain it.It has been known to man for at least 3,000 years,but has _2_ into mon use only in _3_times.Until quite recently it was considered as a medicine and as a lu*ury for the very rich only.Sugar
12、is,then,_4 _to our civilization.But what_5_ is it?Of course,most of us recognize sugar immediately as the sweet material which we put in coffee or cakes.This mon form of sugar is derived from two plants:the sugar cane(a type of grass which grows to a height of twenty feet)and the sugar beet(which gr
13、ows under ground).But there are in fact many types of sugar,and the chemist recognizes hundreds of different _6_,each ing from a different source.About 90%of the sugar is produced as food.Only 10%is used in industry for _7_other than food production.Yet sugar has great possibilities for use as the b
14、asis of chemicals.It can even be used for making plastics.In the future these potential uses will certainly be developed more than in the past.来源：考试大的美女编辑们 There are many reasons why we should _8_the production of sugar.Most important is that it is one of the most highly concentrated of energy foods
15、.Thus sugar cane and beet produce an average of 7,000,000 calories per acre.In this way they have the advantage over potatoes which give only 4,000,000,while the_9_ for wheat and beans is 2,000,000 each.So three acres of land growing wheat,beans and potatoes give only _10_more energy than one acre o
16、f sugar.A.slightly B.intention C.reason D.modern E.strongly F.figure G.e H.significant I.e*actly J.increase K.proposals L.turn M.purposes N.varieties O.serious I.C 2.G 3.D 4.H 5.I 6.N 7.M 8.J 9.F 10.A Pronouncing a language is a skill.Every normal person is e*pert in the skill of pronouncing his own
17、 language;but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages.Now there are many reasons for this,some obvious,some perhaps not so obvious.But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that t
18、hey fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce,and consequently never set about tackling it in the right way.Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skillone that needs careful training of a special kind,and one that cannot be acquired
19、by just leaving it to take care of itself.I think even teachers of language,while recognizing the importance of a good accent,tend to neglect,-in their practical teaching,the branch of study concerned with speaking the language.So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be
20、taught;the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this,and should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention.So,there should be occasions when other aspects of English,such as grammar or spelling,are allowed for the moment to take s
21、econd place.Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation,there are two other requirements for the teacher:the first,knowledge;the second,technique.It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information.This can generally be obtained from books.It is poss
22、ible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech,and of what we call general phonetic theory.It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages,between the speech habits of English people and those,say,of your studen
23、ts.Unless the teacher has such a picture,any ments he may make on his students pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use,and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.26.What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languages?A.Only a few people are really proficien
24、t.B.No one is really an e*pert in the skill.C.There arent many people who are even fairly good.D.There are even some people who are moderately proficient.27.The writer argues that going about the problem of pronunciation in the wrong way is A.an obvious cause of not grasping the problem correctly B.
25、a fundamental consequence of not speaking well C.a consequence of not grasping the problem correctly D.not an obvious cause of speaking poorly 28.The best way of learning to speak a foreign language,he suggests,is by_.A.picking it up naturally as a child B.learning from a native speaker C.not concen
26、trating on pronunciation as such D.undertaking systematic work 考试大全国最大教育类(E*amda。)29.The value the student puts on correct speech habits depends upon_.A.how closely he attends to the matter B.whether it is English that is being taught C.his teachers approach to pronunciation D.the importance normall
27、y given to grammar and spelling 30.How might the teacher find himself wasting lesson time?A.By spending lesson time on pronunciation.B.By making ill-informed ments upon pronunciation.C.By not using books on phonetics in the classroom.D.By not giving students a clear mental picture of the difference
28、between sounds.-26.C 27.C 28.D 29.C An industrial society,especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain,is heavily dependant on certain essential services:for instance,electricity supply,water,rail and road transport,the harbors.The area of dependency has widened to include remov
29、ing rubbish,hospital and ambulance services,and,as the economy develops,central puter and information services as well.If any of these services ceases to operate,the whole economic system is in danger.It is this interdependency of the economic system that makes the power of trade unions such an impo
30、rtant issue.Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many economic blood supplies.This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries,in part because the labor force is highly organized.About 55 per cent of British workers belong to unions,pared to under a quarter in the Unite
31、d States.For historical reasons,Britains unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines,rather than on an industry-by-industry basis,which makes wage policy,democracy in industry and the improvement of procedures for fi*ing wage levels difficult to achieve.There are considerable st
32、rains and tensions in the trade union movement,some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure.Some unions have lost many members because of industrial changes.Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades.Unions for skilled trades are separate
33、from general unions,which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions.In traditional trades which are being pushed out of e*istence by advancing technologies,unions can fight for their members disappearing jobs to the point where the jobs of
34、 other unions members are threatened or destroyed.The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.1.Why is the question of trade union power important in Britain?A.The economy i
35、s very much interdependent.B.Unions have been established a long time.C.There are more unions in Britain than elsewhere.D.There are many essential services.2.Because of their out-of-date organization some unions find it difficult to_.A.change as industries change B.get new members to join them C.lea
36、rn new technologies D.bargain for high enough wages 3.Disagreements arise between unions because some of them A.try to win over members of other unions B.ignore agreements C.protect their own members at the e*pense of others D.take over other unions jobs 来源：.e*amda.4.It is difficult to improve the p
37、rocedures for fi*ing wage levels because_.A.some industries have no unions-B.unions are not organized according to industries C.only 55 per cent of workers belong to unions D.some unions are too powerful 5.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?A.There are strains and tensions in the trade union movemen
38、t.B.Some unions have lost many members.C.Some unions e*ist in the outdated structure.D.A higher percentage of American workers belong to unions than that of British workers.1.A 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D I have never attended a large panys board meeting in my life,but I feel certain that the discussion often t
39、akes the following lines.The _1_ of producing a newfor e*ampletoothpaste would make 8 Op the decent price for it,so we will market it at l.20.It is not a bad toothpaste(not specially good either,but not bad),and as people like to try new things it will sell well to start with;but the _2_ of novelty
40、soon fades,so sales will _3_.When that starts to happen we will reduce the price to l.15.And we will turn it into a bargain by printing 5p OFF all over it,whereupon people will rush to buy it even though it still costs about forty-three percent more than its _4 _price.Sometimes it is not 5p OFF but
41、lp OFF.What a shame to advertise lp OFF your soap or washing powder or dog food or whatever.Even the poorest old-age pensioner ought to regard this as an insult,but he doesnt.A bargain must not be _5_ To be offered a gift of one penny is like being invited to dinner and offered one single pea(tastil
42、y cooked),and nothing else.Even if it represented a _6_ reduction it would be an insult.Still,people say,one has to have washing powder(or whatever)and one might as well buy it a penny cheaper.When I was a boy in Hungary a man was _7_ of murdering some?one for the sake of one pengo,the equivalent of
43、 a shilling,and pleaded_8_ The judge shouted _9_:To kill a man for a shilling!What can you say in your _10_?The murderer replied:A shilling here.a shilling there.And thats what todays shopper says,too:A penny here.a penny there.A.missed B.defense C.real D.cost 考试大全国最大教育类(E*amda。)E.an*iously F.attrac
44、tion G.fair H.e*pense I.fall J.angrily K.dismissed L.accused M.guilty N.faulty O.security I.D 2.F 3.I 4.G 5.A 6.C 7.L 8.M 9.J Putting the Sun to Work Its a hot summer day,and you,your family,and friends decide to drive to the beach for a cookout.When you get to the beach,the sand and the rocks are s
45、o hot that they hurt your bare feet.You put on sneakers in a hurry.The water is so bright and shining in the sun that you can hardly look at it.While the charcoal(木炭)fire is starting to burn in the cookout stove,every one goes for a swim.The water feels goodwarm at the top,but cooler down around you
46、r toes.-A little wind is blowing when you e out.The fire isnt quite ready for cooking yet,so you play tag(儿童捉人游戏)or read.For lunch there are hot dog,corn,salad and rolls,sodas,fruit,and coffee for the adults.By the time the coffee water boils and the corn and hot dogs are cooked,all the bathing suit
47、s are dry.So are the towels spread out on the rocks,in the sun.Lunch is good.Just as you are finishing,it starts to rain so you pack up and run.But nobody minds the rain.It will cool things off.At the same time you were having fun at the beach,work was being done.Energy from the sun was doing work.E
48、nergy,in one form or another,does all the work in the world.Heat energy from the sun dried the towels.It heated the sand and the rocks,the water and the air.It even made the rain and the wind.Heat from the sun does small work and big work,all over the earth.Light energy from the sun was working on t
49、he beach too.It supplied the daylight.It lit the earth and made the sand bright and the water sparkling.The sun also supplied the energy that grew the food you ate.Plants use light energy from the sun to make food for themselves.The food is a kind of sugar.It is also a kind of energy called chemical
50、 energy.Green plants change light energy from the sun into chemical energy.Plants use some of that energy for everyday living and growing.They store the rest in their leaves and seeds,in fruit,roots,stems,and berries.The salad and the corn,the rolls,fruit,and coffee all came from plants.You and all