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1、 被动语态 一、导入 孩子弄的大人没脾气 儿子问老公：张飞他妈姓什么？ 老公：不知道。 儿子：笨，姓吴，无事生非（吴氏生飞）都不知道。 儿子再问：张飞他爸姓什么？ 老公思索半天，猛拍脑门：姓惹，惹事生非！ 儿子狂笑：笨死了！姓张！你不跟你爸姓呀。二、（1）专题讲解 专题1： 被动语态1、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果， 那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。2、 五种基本句型结构之一： 主+谓+宾 E.g: I eat an apple. Tom plays baske
2、tball. （注:在“主+谓+宾”结构中，主语是动作的执行者，宾语是动作的承受者。）3、被动语态谓语结构：be done（过去分词） 1.主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 e.g.：Many people speak Chinese. 2.被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 e.g.：Chinese is spoken by many people. 被动语态变化模式如图： They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.4、被动语态的使用情况：1）、当不知道谁是动作的执行者时； Some ne
3、w computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑 是谁偷的) 2）、没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时； The door was opened.（没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者）3)、只需强调动作的承受者时。 The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。5、各种时态的被动语态结构: be done( 总结构) 时态 主动语态 被动语态一般现在时dodoesamisare+done一般过去时didwaswere+done现在进行时amisare+doingamisare+being+done过去进行时
4、waswere+doingwaswere+being+done一般将来时will+dowill be +done现在完成时havehas+donehavehas+been+done有情态动词情态动词+do情态动词+be+done6、主动语态变被动语态步骤： 1. 判断时态：思考这种时态的被动语态结构。 2 主变宾：主动语态句子中的宾语变被动语态句子中的主语（同时宾变主）。 3. 谓动变被动：把谓语动词变成被动结构（be + done） 4. 主语放by后，主格变宾格：把主动语态中的主语放在介词by（被）之后，将主格变 为宾格。 e.g.：1、All the people laughed at
5、him. He was laughed at by all people. 2、He cuts down a tree A tree is cut down by him. 3、I am eating an apple. An apple is being eaten by me. 4、They grow rice in South China. Rice is grown in South China. 5、They will do their homework tomorrow. Their homework will be done by them tomorrow .7、含有情态动词的
6、被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 （歌诀是：情态动词变被动，情态加be，加“过分”。）e.g：1.We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired by us in two days. 2.He must finish this work soon. This work must be finished by him soon. 3.We should plant trees in spring. Trees shoul
7、d be planted by us in spring. 初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有：can（be done）能够被may（be done）可以能被must（be done）必须被need（be done）需要被should（be done）应该被三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知 It is well known that 据推测
8、说 It is supposed that 三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that 四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被Paul叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： H
9、e was born in October，1989四、 巩固练习一、单选：( )1. The flowers _ often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( )2. The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( )3. The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be
10、mended( )4. Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time. A.have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept ( )5. The pot _ for _ hot water A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( )6. Tea _ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. wer
11、e grown D. will grow( )7. The bridges_ two years ago. A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( )8. The bike _ 500 yuan. A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed ( )9.-Kate got her drivers license yesterday. - I think 15-year-olds _ drive. They are not calm enough. A. should be allowed not
12、to B. should allow to C. shouldnt be allowed to D. should be allowed to ( )10. The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found五、 拓展训练一、将下列主动句转换成被动句 1. The teacher told him not to waste time on playing computer games. _ 2. The workers are buildin
13、g a new railway between the two cities. _ 3. They should do it right now. _ 4. They named the boy Johnson. _ 5. The monster let the little girl clean the cave. _ . 6.eople in the town laugh at Mike for his fancy dress. _ 7.We cant do it in one day. _ 8.Young people must take good care of old people
14、_ 当堂过手训练(快练五分钟，稳准建奇功！)一、单选：( )1. English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( )2. This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( )3. This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( )4. N
15、ew computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( )5. Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( )6. Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( )7. His new book_ next month. A will be published
16、B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published( )8. Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( )9. These papers _ yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written 初中英语不规则动词表1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词c
17、ostkstcostkstcostkst花费cutktcutktcutkt割，切hurth:thurth:thurth:t受伤hithithithithithit打，撞letletletletletlet让putputputputputput放下readri:dreadri:dreadri:d读setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展开，传播，涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shuttshuttshutt关上, 闭起,停止营业2.ABB动词原形 过去式 过去分词 beatbi:
18、t beatbi:t beatenbi:tn 打败3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词becomebikmbecamebikeimbecomebikm变comekmcamekeimcomekm来runrnranrnrunrn跑4.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形过去式过去分词burnb:nburntb:ntburntb:nt燃烧dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解决dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做梦hearhiheardh:dheardh:d听见hanghhanged/ h
19、unghhanged/ hung绞死，悬挂learnl:nlearned/learntl:ntlearned/learntl:nt学习lightlaitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit点燃, 照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/provedpru:vn证明, 证实,试验shineainshone/shinedshone/shinedun, n使照耀，使发光showushowedshowed/shownun展示, 给.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsm
20、elt闻, 嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼写wakeweikwaked/wokewukwaked/wokenwukn醒来，叫醒, 激发（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形过去式过去分词buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借给rebuild,ri:bildrebuilt,ri:biltrebuilt,ri:bilt改建, 重建se
21、ndsendsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花费（3）原形ought ought 动词原形过去式过去分词bringbribroughtbr:tbroughtbr:t带来buybaiboughtb:tboughtb:t买fightfaitfoughtf:tfoughtf:t打架thinkikthought:tthought:t思考,想(4) 原形aught aught动词原形过去式过去分词catchktcaughtk:tcaughtk:t捉,抓teachti:ttaughtt:ttaughtt:t教（5）变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去
22、式过去分词digdidugddugd掘(土), 挖(洞、沟等)feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfoundfound发现，找到getetgottgot/gottentn得到holdhuldheldheldheldheld拥有，握住，支持leadli:dledledledled引导, 带领, 领导meetmi:tmetmetmetmet遇见sitsitsatstsatst坐shootu:tshottshott射击spitspitspit/spatsptspit/spatspt吐痰,stickstikstuckstkstuckstk插进, 刺入, 粘住,winwinwon
23、wnwonwn赢（6）原形lt/pt/ftlt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词feelfi:lfeltfeltfeltfelt感到keepki:pkeptkeptkeptkept保持leaveli:vleftleftleftleft离开sleepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡觉sweepswi:psweptsweptsweptswept扫(7)其它动词原形过去式过去分词layleilaidleidlaidleid下蛋, 放置paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid付sayseisaidsedsaidsed说standstndstoodstudstoodstud站un
24、derstandunderstood,ndstndunderstood,ndstnd明白loselu:zlostlst, l:stlostlst, l:st失去havehvhadhd, hd, dhadhd, hd, d有makemeikmademeidmademeid制造sellselsoldsuldsoldsuld卖tellteltoldtuldtoldtuld告诉retell,ri:telretold,ri:tuldretold,ri:tuld重讲，重复，复述5.ABC（1）原形过去式原形+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词blowblublewblu:blown吹drive draiv d
25、rovedruvdrivendrivn驾驶drawdr:drewdru:drawndr:n画画eati:tateet,eiteateni:tn吃fallf:lFellfelfallenf:ln落下giveivgaveeivgivenivn给growrugrewru:grownrun生长forgivefivforgotftforgiven原谅, 饶恕knownuknewnju:, nu:known知道mistakemisteikmistookmistukmistooken弄错; 误解,overeatuvi:toverate,uvreitovereaten(使)吃过量provepru:vprove
26、dproven/proved证明,证实, 试验taketeiktooktuktakenteikn, teikn拿throwruthrewru:thrownrun, run抛，扔rideraidroderudriddenridn骑seesi:saws:seensi:n看见showushowedshowed/shownun展示writeraitwroterutwrittenritn写（2）原形过去式过去式+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词breakbreikbrokebrukbrokenbrukn打破choosetu:zchosetuzchosentuzn选择getetgottgot/gottent
27、n得到hidehaidhidhidhiddenhidn隐藏forgetfetforgotftforgottenftn忘记freezefri:zfrozefruzfrozenfruzn冷冻,结冰，感到严寒speakspi:kspokespukspokenspukn说stealsti:lstolestolenstuln偷(3) 变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。ia u 动词原形过去式过去分词beginbiinbeganbinbegunbin开始drinkdrikdrankdrkdrunkdrk喝singsisangssungs唱sinksiksanksksunksk下沉, 沉没swimswimswamswmswumswm游泳ringrirangrrungr打电话（4）其它 动词原形过去式过去分词be(am, is, are)was/ werebeen是bearbboreb:born/borneb:n负担, 忍受dodu:, du:diddiddonedn做flyflaiflewflu:flownflun飞gouwentwentgonen去lielailayleilainlein躺wearwworew:wornw:n穿第 9 页