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1、学习必备欢迎下载被动语态一、导入二、（ 1）专题讲解专题 1：被动语态1、语态概述我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句 ，英语中的 “ 被字句 ” 我们称之为 被动语态 。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。2、五种基本句型结构之一：主+谓 +宾E.g: I eat an apple. Tom plays basketball. （注 :在“ 主+谓+宾 ” 结构中，主语是动作的执行者，宾语是动作的承受者。）3、被动语态谓语结构：be done（过去分词）1.主动语态：主语是动作的执行者e.g.：Many people
2、speak Chinese. 2.被动语态：主语是动作的承受者e.g.：Chinese is spoken by many people. 被动语态变化模式如图：孩子弄的大人没脾气儿子问老公：张飞他妈姓什么？老公：不知道。儿子：笨，姓吴，无事生非（吴氏生飞）都不知道。儿子再问：张飞他爸姓什么？老公思索半天，猛拍脑门：姓惹，惹事生非！儿子狂笑：笨死了！姓张！你不跟你爸姓呀。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes ar
3、e made by them in the factory. 4、被动语态的使用情况：1） 、当不知道谁是动作的执行者时；Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的 ) 2） 、没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时；The door was opened.（没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者）3)、只需强调动作的承受者时。The window was broken by mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。5、各种时态的被动语态结构: be done( 总结构 ) 6、主动语态变被动语态步骤：1. 判断时态： 思考这种
4、时态的被动语态结构。2 主变宾 ：主动语态句子中的宾语变被动语态句子中的主语（同时宾变主）。3. 谓动变被动：把谓语动词变成被动结构（be + done）4. 主语放 by 后，主格变宾格：把主动语态中的主语放在介词by（被）之后，将主格变为宾格。e.g.：1、All the people laughed at him. 时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时dodoes amisare+done 一般过去时did waswere+done 现在进行时amisare+doing amisare+being+done 过去进行时waswere+doing waswere+being+done 一般将来时
5、will+do will be +done 现在完成时havehas+done havehas+been+done 有情态动词情态动词 +do 情态动词 +be+done 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载He was laughed at by all people. 2、He cuts down a tree A tree is cut down by him. 3、I am eating an apple. An apple is being eaten by me. 4、They grow
6、rice in South China. Rice is grown in South China. 5、They will do their homework tomorrow. Their homework will be done by them tomorrow . 7、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“ 情态动词 be过去分词 ” 构成，原来带to 的情态动词变成被动语态后 “to ”仍要保留。（歌诀是：情态动词变被动，情态加be，加 “ 过分 ” 。 ）e.g：1.We can repair this watch in two days. This wat
7、ch can be repaired by us in two days. 2.He must finish this work soon. This work must be finished by him soon. 3.We should plant trees in spring. Trees should be planted by us in spring. 初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有：三、汉语中含有“据说”、 “据悉”、 “有人说”、 “大家说”等时。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house a
8、nd It was reported that her mother died of SARS. 众所周知 It is well known that can（be done）能够被 may（be done）可以 能被 must（be done）必须被 need（be done）需要被 should（be done）应该被 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载据推测说 It is supposed that 三、汉语中含有“据说”、 “据悉”、 “有人说”、 “大家说”等时。例如：It is said
9、 that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS. 众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that 四、汉语中含有“被” 、 “由”等词时。例如：Tina is asked to come by PaulTina 是被 Paul 叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：He was born in October ，1989四、巩固练习一、单选：( )1. The flowers _ often
10、. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water ( )2. The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow ( )3. The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended ( )4. Now these magazines_ in the library for a long
11、time. A.have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept ( )5. The pot _ for _ hot water A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载( )6. Tea _ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown
12、 C. were grown D. will grow ( )7. The bridges_ two years ago. A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built ( )8. The bike _ 500 yuan. A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed ( )9.-Kate got her driver s license yesterday.- I think 15-year-olds _ drive. They are not calm enough. A. should be all
13、owed not to B. should allow to C. shouldn t be allowed to D. should be allowed to ( )10. The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found 五、拓展训练一、将下列主动句转换成被动句1. The teacher told him not to waste time on playing computer games. _ 2. The workers ar
14、e building a new railway between the two cities. _ 3. They should do it right now. _ 4. They named the boy Johnson. _ 5. The monster let the little girl clean the cave. _ . 6.eople in the town laugh at Mike for his fancy dress. _ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载7.We
15、can t do it in one day. _ 8.Young people must take good care of old people _ 当堂过手训练 (快练五分钟，稳准建奇功！)一、单选：( )1. English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( )2. This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung ( )3
16、. This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made ( )4. New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used ( )5. Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( )6. Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needi
17、ng C. are needed D. will need ( )7. His new book_ next month. A will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published ( )8. Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking ( )9. These papers _ yet. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结
18、 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written 初中英语不规则动词表1.AAA 动词原形过去式过去分词costk ?stcostk ?stcostk ?st花费cutk ?tcutk ?tcutk ?t割，切hurth ?:thurth ?:thurth ?:t受伤hithithithithithit打，撞letletletletletlet让putputputputputput放下readri:dr
19、eadri:dreadri:d读setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展开，传播，涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰 , shut?tshut?tshut?t关上 , 闭起 ,停止营业2.ABB 动词原形过去式过去分词beatbi:tbeatbi:tbeatenbi:tn 打败3.ABA 动词原形过去式过去分词becomebik ?mbecamebikeimbecomebik ?m变comek ?mcamekeimcomek ?m来runr?nranr? nrunr ?n跑4.AB
20、B （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t 或 ed 构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词burnb ?:nburntb?:ntburntb ?:nt燃烧精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解决dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamtdremt做梦hearhi ?heardh?:dheardh?:d听见hangh?hanged/ hungh ?hanged/ hung 绞死，悬挂learnl?:nlea
21、rned/learntl?:ntlearned/learntl?:nt学习lightlaitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit点燃 , 照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:v proved proven/provedpru:v ?n证明 , 证实 ,试验shine?ainshone/shined shone/shined?un, ?n使照耀，使发光show?ushowed showed/shown?un展示 , 给.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt闻, 嗅speedspi
22、:dspedsped/speeded sped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼写wakeweikwaked/wokew ?ukwaked/wokenw ?uk ?n醒来， 叫醒 , 激发（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为 “t ” 构成过去式或过去分词。动词原形过去式过去分词buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借给rebuild,ri:bildrebuilt,ri:biltrebuilt,ri:bilt改建 , 重建sendse
23、ndsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花费（3）原形 ought ought 动词原形过去式过去分词bringbri?broughtbr ?:tbroughtbr ?:t带来buybaiboughtb?:tboughtb ?:t买fightfaitfoughtf ?:tfoughtf ?:t打架think i?kthought ?:tthought ?:t思考 ,想(4) 原形 aught aught动词原形过去式过去分词catchk? t?caughtk ?:tcaughtk ?:t捉,抓teachti:t ?taughtt ?:t
24、taughtt ?:t教（5）变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词digdi dugd ? dugd ? 掘(土), 挖 (洞、沟等 ) feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfound found 发现，找到get etgot ?tgot/gotten ?t?n得到holdh ?uldheldheldheldheld拥有，握住，支持leadli:dledledledled引导 , 带领 , 领导meetmi:tmetmetmetmet遇见sitsitsats? tsats? t坐shoot?u:tshot?tshot?t射击spitspitspit/spatsp?
25、tspit/spatsp? t吐痰 , stickstikstuckst ?kstuckst ?k插进 , 刺入 , 粘住 , 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载winwinwonw ?nwonw ?n赢（6）原形 lt/pt/ftlt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词feelfi:lfeltfeltfeltfelt感到keepki:pkeptkeptkeptkept保持leaveli:vleftleftleftleft离开sleepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡觉sweeps
26、wi:psweptsweptsweptswept扫(7)其它动词原形过去式过去分词layleilaidleidlaidleid下蛋 , 放置paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid付sayseisaidsedsaidsed说standst? ndstoodstudstoodstud站understand understood, ?nd ?st? ndunderstood,?nd ?st? nd明白loselu:zlostl?st, l ?:stlostl ?st, l ?:st失去haveh?vhadh? d, h ?d, ?dhadh? d, h ?d, ?d有makemeikmadem
27、eidmademeid制造sellselsolds?uldsolds?uld卖tellteltoldt ?uldtoldt ?uld告诉retell,ri:telretold,ri:t ?uldretold,ri:t ?uld重讲，重复，复述5.ABC （1）原形 过去式 原形 +(e)n 动词原形过去式过去分词blowbl ?ublewblu:blown 吹drive draiv drovedr ?uvdrivendriv ?n驾驶drawdr ?:drewdru:drawndr ?:n画画eati:tateet,eiteateni:t ?n吃fallf ?:lFellfel fallenf
28、 ?:l?n落下give ivgave eivgiven iv?n给grow r?ugrew ru:grown r?un生长forgivef ? ivforgotf ? ?tforgiven 原谅 , 饶恕known ?uknewnju:, nu:known 知道mistakemisteikmistookmistukmistooken 弄错 ; 误解 , overeat ?uv?i:t overate, ?uv?reitovereaten (使)吃过量provepru:v proved proven/proved 证明 ,证实 , 试验taketeiktooktuktakenteikn, te
29、ik?n拿throw r?uthrew ru:thrown r?un, r?un抛，扔rideraidroder?udriddenrid ?n骑seesi:saws?:seensi:n看见show?ushowed showed/shown?un展示writeraitwroter ?utwrittenrit ?n写（2）原形 过去式 过去式 +(e)n 动词原形过去式过去分词breakbreikbrokebr ?ukbrokenbr ?uk ?n打破精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载chooset ?
30、u:zchoset ?uzchosent?uz ?n选择get etgot ?tgot/gotten ?t?n得到hidehaidhidhidhiddenhid ?n隐藏forgetf? etforgotf ? ?tforgottenf ? ?tn忘记freezefri:zfrozefr ?uzfrozenfr ?uzn冷冻 ,结冰， 感到严寒speakspi:kspokesp ?ukspokensp ?uk ?n说stealsti:lstole stolenst ?ul ?n偷(3) 变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i ”分别为 “a”（过去式）和 “u”（过去分词）。i a u 动词原形过去
31、式过去分词beginbi inbeganbi ?n begunbi ?n开始drinkdri?kdrankdr?kdrunkdr ?k喝singsi?sangs?sungs ?唱sinksi? ksanks? ksunks?k下沉 , 沉没swimswimswamsw? mswumsw ?m游泳ringri?rangr?rungr ?打电话（4）其它动词原形过去式过去分词be(am, is, are) was/ were been 是bearb ?boreb ?:born/borneb ?:n负担 , 忍受dodu:, du:diddiddoned ?n做flyflaiflewflu:flownfl ?un飞go ?uwentwentgone ?n去lielailayleilainlein躺wearw ?worew?:wornw ?:n穿精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 10 页