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1、1996年硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections :For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B , C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Vitamins are organic compounds
2、necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, 1 do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for _2 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 3 is
3、 missing a deficiency disease becomes_4_ .Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 5nitrogen. They are different6their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 7 one or morespecific functions in the body.8_ enough vitamins is ess
4、ential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 9 vitamins. Many people, 10 , believe in being on the Hsafe side and thus take extra vitamins. However; a well balanced diet will usually meet all the body* s vitamin needs.1. A either2. A shifting3. A any4. A serious5. A mostly6. A in tha
5、t7. A undertakes8. A Supplying9. A exceptional10. A neverthelessBsoB transferringB someB apparentB partiallyB so thatB holdsB GettingB exceedingB thereforeC nor D neverC altering D transformingC anything D somethingC severe D fatalC sometimes D rarelyC such that D except thatC plays D performsC Prov
6、iding D FurnishingC excess D externalC moreover D meanwhilePart nReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked A , B , C and D . Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the question
7、s. Then markyour answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Tight lipped elders used to say, It s not what you want in this world, but what you get.Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and w
8、ant the right things.You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner; we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which foo
9、d to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer; you can inte
10、lligently plan where to sell your services.This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal in
11、terviews. While talking to you, your could be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your wares and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of
12、 your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment. Spend a certain
13、amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for; and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.11. What do the elders mean when they say, It s not what you want in this world, but what you get. ?A You II certainly get what you want.B It s no use dreaming.C You should be dissatisfied w
14、ith what you have.D It s essential to set a goal for yourself.12. A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as.A an illustration of how to write an application for a jobB an indication of how to secure a good jobC a guideline for job descriptionD a principle for job
15、 evaluation13. According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because .A that is the first step to please the employerB that is the requirement of the employerC it enables him to know when to sell his servicesD it forces him to become clearly aware of hi
16、mself14. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something.A definite to offer B imaginary to provideC practical to supply D desirable to presentPassage 2With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch
17、 the Corporation s news coverage, as well as listen to it.And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education,
18、 religion, parliamentary coverage, children1 s programmes and films for an annual licence fee of 83 per household.It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years yet the BBC* s future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for
19、the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC including ordinary listeners and viewers to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and
20、even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.Defenders of the Corporation of whom there are many are fond of quoting the American slogan *If
21、 it ain t broke, don* t fix it. The BBC ain t broke , they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word broke , meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channel
22、sITV and Channel 4were required by the Thatcher Governmenf s Broadcasting Act to becomemore commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers subscriptions which will b
23、ring about the biggest changes in the long term.15. The world famous BBC now faces .A the problem of news coverage B an uncertain prospectC inquiries by the general public D shrinkage of audience16. In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue? A Extension o
24、f its TV service to Far East.B Programmes as the subject of a nation-wide debate.C Potentials for further international co-operations.D Its existence as a broadcasting organization.17. The BBCr s *royal charter* (Line 4, Paragraph 4) stands for .A the financial support from the royal family.B the pr
25、ivileges granted by the Queen.C a contract with the Queen.D a unique relationship with the royal family.18. The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other thanA the emergence of commercial TV channels.B the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government.C the urgent necessity
26、to reduce costs and jobs.D the challenge of new satellite channels.Passage 3In the last half of the nineteenth century “capital and labour were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salar
27、ied managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away f
28、rom individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting,
29、 trams and other services to the taxpayers.The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life r
30、epresenting irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and Br
31、itish shareholders were thus enriched by the world, s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable“ classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and o
32、ccasionally attending a shareholders/ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand shareholding meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.The shareholders as such had no knowledge of the lives, tho
33、ughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowl
34、edge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organ
35、ization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other, s strength and understand the value of fair negotiatio
36、n.19. It, s true of the old family firms that.A they were spoiled by the younger generationsB they failed for lack of individual initiativeC they lacked efficiency compared with modern companiesD they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers20. The growth of limited liability companies result
37、ed in .A the separation of capital from managementB the ownership of capital by managersC the emergence of capital and labour as two classesD the participation of shareholders in municipal business21. According to the passage, all of the following are true except that.A the shareholders were unaware
38、 of the needs of the workersB the old firm owners had a better understanding of their workersC the limited liability companies were too large to run smoothlyD the trade unions seemed to play a positive role22. The author is most critical of.A family firm owners B landownersC managers D shareholdersP
39、assage 4What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country, s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology;
40、 the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial“ thinking about things technological.Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were genera
41、lly literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, MWith a mind prepared by thorough school
42、discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.A further stimulus to invention came from the premium system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.In th
43、e United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.Given this optimistic approach to t
44、echnological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind b
45、y a visual, nonverbal process . The designer and the inventor. are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist.This nonverbal spatial thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, sc
46、rews, wedges, wheels, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”When all these shaping forcesschools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking interacted with one an
47、other on the rich U.S. mainland, they produced that American characteristic emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.23. According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large part due to.A elementary schools B enthusiastic workersC the attractive premium system D a special way of thinking24. It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics.A benefited a lot