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1、1996年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A , B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Vitamins are organic compo
2、unds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 2 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 3
3、is missing a deficiency disease becomes 4 .Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 5 nitrogen. They are different 6 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 7 one or more specific functions in the body.8 enough vitamins is
4、 essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 9 vitamins. Many people, 10 , believe in being on the t4safe side“ and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well balanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs.1. A eitherB socnorD never2. A shiftingB transferringcaltering
5、D transforming3. A anyB somecanythingD something4. A seriousB apparentCsevereD fatal5. A mostlyB partiallycsometimes D rarely6. A in thatB so thatCsuch thatD except that7. A undertakesB holdsCplaysD performs8. A Supplying B GettingC ProvidingD Furnishing9. A exceptionalB exceedingCexcessD external10
6、. A neverthelessB thereforecmoreoveiD meanwhilePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked A , B, C and D . Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mar
7、k your answeron ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Tight lipped elders used to say,s not what you want in this world, but what you get.Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right t
8、hings.You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first
9、, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan
10、where to sell your services.This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While
11、 talking to you, your could be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilitie
12、s and desires, you have something tangible to sell. rFhen you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment. Spend a certain amount of tim
13、e each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.11. What do the elders mean when they say, Ifs not what you want in this world, but what you get.?A Youll certainly get what you want.B Its no use dreaming.C You should be dissatisfied with what you have
14、.D Its essential to set a goal for yourself.12. A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as.A an illustration of how to write an application for a jobB an indication of how to secure a good jobC a guideline for job descriptionD a principle for job evaluation13. Acc
15、ording to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because.A that is the first step to please the employerB that is the requirement of the employerC it enables him to know when to sell his servicesD it forces him to become clearly aware of himself14. When you h
16、ave carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something.A definite to offerB imaginary to provideC practical to supplylDdesirable to presentPassage 2With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporations new
17、s coverage, as well as listen to it.And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamenta
18、ry coverage, childrens programmes and films for an annual licence fee of 83 per household.It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years - yet the BBCs future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its
19、role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC including ordinary listeners and viewers to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they though
20、t it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBCs royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.Defenders of the Corporation of whom there are many are fond of quoting the American slogan “If it aint broke, dont fix
21、it. The BBC aint broke, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word broke, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channelsITV and Channel 4were required
22、 by the Thatcher Governments Broadcasting Act to become more commercial,competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels funded partly by advertising and partly by viewerssubscriptions which will bring about the biggest changes in
23、 the long term.15. The world famous BBC now faces.A the problem of news coverage B an uncertain prospectC inquiries by the general publicD shrinkage of audience16. In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue?A Extension of its TV service to Far East.B Progr
24、ammes as the subject of a nation-wide debate.C Potentials for further international co-operations.D Its existence as a broadcasting organization.17. The BBCs royal charter (Line 4, Paragraph 4) stands for.A the financial support from the royal family.B the privileges granted by the Queen.C a contrac
25、t with the Queen.D a unique relationship with the royal family.18. The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than.A the emergence of commercial TV channels.B the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government.C the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs.D the challenge
26、 of new satellite channels.Passage 3In the last half of the nineteenth century capital and labour were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modem lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical
27、 requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collect
28、ivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers
29、.The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached
30、from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by t
31、he worlds movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfbrtable“ classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting
32、 to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.The shareholders as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by t
33、he company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had
34、often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in al
35、l skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each others strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.19. Its true of the old family firms that.A
36、 they were spoiled by the younger generationsB they failed for lack of individual initiativeC they lacked efficiency compared with modem companiesD they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers20. The growth of limited liability companies resulted in.A the separation of capital from managemen
37、tB the ownership of capital by managersC the emergence of capital and labour as two classesD the participation of shareholders in municipal business21. According to the passage, all of the following are true except that.A the shareholders were unaware of the needs of the workersB the old firm owners
38、 had a better understanding of their workersC the limited liability companies were too large to run smoothlyD the trade unions seemed to play a positive role22. The author is most critical of.A family firm ownersB landownersC managersD shareholdersPassage 4What accounts for the great outburst of maj
39、or inventions in early America- breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and a
40、bove all the American genius for nonverbal, spatial thinking about things technological.Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some asp
41、ects of geometry and trigonometry.Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the
42、skilled workman.A further stimulus to invention came from the premium system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices
43、 were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readi
44、ly to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process . The designer and the in
45、ventor . are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist?This nonverbal spatiaF thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc, like a poet among the lette
46、rs of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”When all these shaping forces一schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking -interacted with one another on the rich U.S. mainland, they produced that
47、American characteristic emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.23. According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large part due toA elementary schoolsB en
48、thusiastic workersC the attractive premium system D a special way of thinking24. It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics.A benefited a lot from their mathematical knowledge.B shed light on disciplined school management.C was brought about by privileged home t